FreeBSD and SOI-Asia Project

Mohamad Dikshie FauzieGraduate School of Media and GovernanceKeio University Shonan Fujisawa Campus

5322 Endo Fujisawa, Japan, 252-8520dikshie@sfc.wide.ad.jp

Abstract

In this paper we describe usage of FreeBSD oper-ating system for IPv6 Multicast routing platform inSOI-Asia Project. SOI-Asia project is platform todeliver realtime lecture via UniDirectional Link ofsatellite to several countries in Asia. Because oflimited bandwidth in satellite, we use IPv6 mul-ticast to deliver material of lecture and realtimevideo and audio lecture. We also describe humanresources development of operational aspect of theproject in several countries in Asia.

1 Introduction

In Asia countries there are high demands for wide-area Information and Communication Technology(ICT) infrastructure. Lack of human resourcedevelopment make infrastructure development inAsian countries become slow. Todays BroadbandInternet’s infrastructure have been deploy in Asiancountries but it usually only available in majorcities. On the other hand, demand of ICT canbe solved by satellite communications which havesome advantages compare to broadband. They are:wide area coverage, quick installation, and inde-pendent from terrestrial infrastructure [3].This in-frastructure can give flexible usage especially forsmall city or village where there’s no broadbandconnection.

2 What is SOI-Asia

SOI ASIA Project utilizes satellite based Internetto provide Internet environments in a less expen-sive, easy to deploy, and more feasible way forthe universities located in the regions where In-ternet environments are insufficiently developed;conducts research and development of the neces-sary technology for IT human resource develop-

ment in Asia while using the environments; andproposes, through field experiments, a new educa-tional methodology for universities in Japan as wellas educational institutions abroad [4].

As of May 2005, this project has nineteen uni-versities and research institutes partners in elevencountries in Asia, and has deployed receive-onlysatellite earth stations at each partner site to sharethe distribution of live lectures from Japan as wellas archived lectures. This project is supported byseveral ministries of Japanese government and ranmainly by WIDE Project, AI3 (Asian Internet Inter-connection Initiatives) Project, Keio University andAsia-SEED Insitute. The official lecture providingpartners include Tokyo University of Fisheries andMarine Science, Agricultural Department of To-hoku University, Japan Advanced Institute of Sci-ence and Technology, Keio University, and WIDEProject [4].��� ������ ������ � ��� ������������ ����������� � ! "�#�$$�#� %&'()*+,(-./0123 4& 0125

Figure 1: SOI-Asia Map

3 General Operation

Typical network in SOI-Asia’s partner is shown onfigure 2.

Figure 2: Typical SOI-Asia Network

We have UDLR satellite receiver, ReceiverRouter (RR), SOI-Server, and several hosts. Weuse Unidirectional satellite link because it is cheapand it does not need license from government. SOI-Asia employ unidirectional satellite link, thereforeit can not accomodate traffic from SOI-Asia’s part-ners (we will use partners in this paper) to Japan.Each partners must have own access to the Internetto be able to send traffic back to Japan.

3.1 UDLR

UDLR (UniDirectional Link Routing) is defined inRFC3077. UDLR basically emulates bidirectionallink on two separate one-way link [5]. Figure 3shows the operation of UDLR.

Figure 3: UniDirectional Link Routing

Link-Layer Tunneling Mechnism (LLTM) and

Broadcast Emulation are the core operation inUDLR.

LLTM is mechanism to deliver a data link framefrom receiver to feed via other Internet infrastruc-ture by encapsulate the data link frame in GREpacket. Figure 4 shows how LLTM works.

Figure 4: Link Layer Tunelling Mechanism

Broadcast emulation is another core operationfrom LLTM that emulates bi-directional access onUDL. Broadcast emulation is essential to makeARP works well on UDL. Figure 5 shows howbroadcast emulation works.

Figure 5: Broadcast Emulation

3.2 Basic Operation

After the basic infrastructure has been provided andworks well, next step is to make IPv4 and IPv6unicast and multicast routing protocol works. We

are using OSPFv2 for IPv4 unicast routing proto-col and OSPFv3 for IPv6 unicast routing protocolon receive router (RR). SOI-Asia assign IPv6 /48IPv6 global address to partners and also /29 IPv4to partners. We also use IPv4 private address justonly for private use (in SOI-Asia network only, itwont broadcast to Internet). We use zebra as rout-ing protocol daemon. For easier installation we usepackages instead of ports for partners. For multi-cast routing protocol we use PIM-SM routing pro-tocol and xorp as routing daemon. Same case as ze-bra, for easier installation we use packages insteadof ports. Example traffic taken SOI-Asia networkshown in figure 6 and 7:

Figure 6: IPv4 vs IPv6 Traffic

Figure 7: Multicast Traffic

4 Human Resources Development

Once a year we provide workshop for our partnersto improve understanding and to solve problem thatcan occur in SOI-Asia operation. We have severalworkshop models. Firstly, in 2006 we have faceto face workshop model. Every SOI-Asia operatorfrom our partners come to the workshop venue. Theface to face workshop well achieved its goal. Oneof the advantages of face to face model, the partic-ipants can learn everything from scratch even theycan do experiment directly with physical devices.Secondly, we have remote computer laboratory. Weemploy number of virtual machines (vm) and con-figure each vm like SOI-Asia networks. Opera-tor use their own connection to access the vm andpractice the workshop’s exercise in vm. Thirdly,in 2008 we changed the model from vm to clustermodel. In this case we reserved hundreds StarBEDcluster machines to emulate SOI-Asia networks [1].The topics in workshop related to FreeBSD as men-tioned below:

• TCP/IP basic• Unicast routing using zebra• Multicast routing using xorp

5 On-Going Works:dokodemo SOI andCustomized FreeBSD ISO-Images

Currently we are working on making desktop Live-USB. The goal from this work is everyone can ac-cess our lecture from anywhere as long there isInternet connection. We provide VPN service fordokodemo SOI. We are currently making DesktopLive-USB using Linux. Another ongoing work isto make customized FreeBSD ISO-Images. Fromthe past time, we always install receive router inpartners side using vanilla FreeBSD ISO Images.We learn that it take much time to install andcompile new kernel that support MROUTING andnext we have to install zebra routing daemon andxorp multicast routing daemon. We are thinkingto make customized FreeBSD ISO Image that in-clude MROUTING kernel and if possible includezebra routing daemon and xorp routing daemon.Since xorp now support OSPF routing protocol weare considering unified routing daemon installationthat considering to drop zebra routing daemon anduse xorp as single routing daemon for both unicast

and multicast. We believe that above plan will savemuch time on new installation in our partners.

6 Conclusion

In this paper we have been described roles ofFreeBSD in SOI-Asia project. We found that dur-ing SOI-Asia operation our receive router withFreeBSD works very well for both unicast and mul-ticast routing platform.

Acknowledgments

The author would like to acknowledge to Prof JunMurai, Prof Keiko Okawa, Achmad Husni Tham-rin, PhD., Shoko Mikawa, PhD., Toshiyuki Miy-achi, PhD., Kotaro Kataoka, Patcharee Basu, andAchmad Basuki.

References

[1] Toshiyuki Miyachi, et.al,Educational Environ-ment on StarBED: Case Study SOI-Asia 2008Spring Global E-Workshop, AINTEC 2008,Bangkok, Thailand

[2] Pactharee Basu, et.al, Distance LearningComputer-Based Hands-on Workshop: Expe-riences on Virtual and Physical Lab Environ-ments, APRU 2008

[3] Kotaro Kataoka, et.al.,Architecture of Satel-lite Internet for Asia-Wide Digital Comminica-tions, AINTEC 2007 Bangkok, Thailand

[4] SOI-Asia Project,http://www.soi.wide.ad.jp/soi-asia/ ,

[5] UDLR, http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3077.txt