Module 7 Chemical Safety

8/12/2019 Module 7 Chemical Safety

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Module 7: Chemical Safety


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2009 Family Health International

Hazard Communication

MSDS

Understanding Hazards

Chemical Storage Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Waste Disposal

Chemical Spill Response

General Safety Rules

Outline


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Hazard Communication - Allows workers to know

the hazards and identities of the chemicals they

are exposed to while working. Describes

measures they can take to protect themselves.

Hazards are communicated by:

Labels

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

Education and Training

Hazard Communication


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Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

MSDS a document prepared by thechemical manufacturer that describes the:

physical and chemical properties physical and health hazards

routes of exposure

precautions for safe handling and use

emergency and first-aid procedures

control measures


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Using MSDS

Upon receipt of a new chemical:

Print and store hardcopy in a single binder

Highlightchemical name

first aid section

Organize alphabetically (may also serve as

chemical inventory) Must be accessible to everyone all the time

Check for updates annually


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Chemicals

Class ACompressed gas

Class BFumable andcombustable

Class COxidisingmaterial

Class DPoisonous and

Infectious

Class ECorrosives

Class FDangerously

reactive material

D1Immediate andSerious Toxic

effects

D2Other Toxic

Effects

D3Biohazardousand Infectious

Material

Classification of Chemicals

and their Labels


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Understanding Hazards

Toxicity: the ability of a chemicalsubstance to cause harm

Hazard: likelihood a material will causeharm under the conditions of use

Withproper handling, even highly toxic

chemicals can be used safely Less toxic chemicals can be extremely

hazardous if handled improperly


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Examples of Chemical Hazards

Carcinogen cancer (long time exposure)

Corrosive - burns

Hepatotoxin - liver damage

Mutagen damage genetic material in cells

Nephrotoxin kidney damage

Neurotoxin damage to the nervous system

Teratogen birth defects

http://www.scorecard.org/health-effects/index.tcl


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Routes of Chemical Exposure

Inhalation breathing (e.g., powders, fumes)

Absorption skin or mucus membranes

Ingestion entry through mouth Injection through skin by foreign body

Acute Exposure (short term): eye irritation, nausea,

dizziness, skin rash, burns, headache Chronic Exposure (long term): long-term illness


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Examples of Toxic Effects


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Chemical Hygiene Plan

A written document addressing:

Standard operating procedures (SOP)

Exposure control measures

Fume hood & protective equipment

Information & training

Chemicals that require prior planning & approval

Work with particularly hazardous substance

Medical consultations and examinations


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Protection Measures

Engineering controls - fume hoods, ventilated

enclosure, glove box

PPE- gloves, lab coats/uniforms, eyeprotection, safety shoes, respirators, faceshields

Ventilated

Enclosure Glove Box


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Gloves

Do not re-use gloves

Use proper size

Use proper glove material (i.e., latex)

Chemical Resistance Guide

http://www.microflex.com/


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Good PPE


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Safety Shower


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Eye Wash

Eye wash station

Must flush regularly

Identify with sign

Expensive

Disposable Eye Wash

Check solution forexpiration

Identify with sign

Inexpensive


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Chemical Storage - Acids

Examples: Hydrochloric Acid, Acetic Acid, etc.

Store acids in separate acid cabinet

Segregate acids from bases and active metals such as sodium,

potassium, etc.

Segregate oxidizing acids from organic acids and flammablesNever store bottles above eye level

Do not abbreviate labels

Use bottle carrier for transporting large bottles

Use secondary containment (plastic tray)


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Chemical Storage - Bases

Examples: Sodium Hydroxide, KOH, etc.

Store bases in separate Base cabinet

Store strong bases in polyethylene containers

Do not abbreviate labels

Use ventilated storage cabinet

Use secondary containment (plastic tray)


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Chemical Storage - Flammables

Examples: Methanol, Ethanol, etc.

Store in approved metal safety cans or cabinets

Segregate from oxidizers

Keep away from source of ignition: flames, heat or sparks

Know about fire fighting equipment and its use

Store small amounts of volatile flammables in a lab-safe

refrigerator


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Chemical Storage - Oxidizers

Examples: Nitric Acid, Permanganates

Store in a cool, dry place

Away from flammable and combustible materials such

as paper or wood

Away from reducing agents such as zinc, alkaline

metal, formic acid.


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Chemical Storage- Pyrophorics

Example: n-butyl lithium

Can spontaneously combust with air

Do not store with flammables

Store in containers that omit air

Store in a cool, dry place

Beware of low humidity circumstances in which static

electricity may be high.


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Chemical Storage Light Sensitive

Examples: bromine, silver salts

Can form dangerous radicals

Avoid exposure to light

Store in amber bottles in a cool, dry place.

Do not place near a window


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Chemical Storage - Carcinogens

Examples: ethidium bromide, acrylamide, formaldehyde,

chloroform)

Store in a well ventilated cabinet, such as under a

fume hood with exhaust ventLabel all carcinogens as cancer suspect agents

Remember: Harmful exposure to carcinogens may not

be immediately noticeable


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Gas Cylinders

Chain or strap cylinder to wall/bench.

Always use a cart & safety chain when transporting cylinder.

Never transport a cylinder without its metal cap.

Store flammable gas bottles in appropriate storage cabinet.

Store multiple cylinders by nesting.

No more than 3 flammable, oxygen or hazardous gascylinders per lab.


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Chemical Incompatibility Matrix

Red = Incompatible

White = OK


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Chemical Spill Response

Do not respond beyond your

training level!

Stop, think Is this a Major spill?

No

Remove contaminated clothing

Use proper PPEContain spill

Notify workers in your area

Seek MSDS for advice

Notify supervisor / security

YesRescue

Avoid the chemical

Find the MSDS

Telephone for help


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Chemical Fire Response

Stop, think Can I extinguish this fire?

Yes

Extinguish open flames (Fire extinguisher Class

A,B, C, or D)

Turn off gas / electricity

Notify workers in your area

Ventilate work area

Notify supervisor / security

No

Evacuate area immediately and pull alarm

Call emergency number


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Hazardous Waste

Minimize waste in the first place

Do not pour chemical waste down the drain

Know your chemical classification

Segregate chlorinated and non-chlorinated waste Use flame resistant container with label

Dont leave funnel on top of waste container

Use proper mercury disposal (broken thermometers)

Call for pick up


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Store chemicals in their original containers

Always wear appropriate safety gear and work in a

controlled environment

Always dispose of chemicals properly Use care in handling contaminated glassware or

needles

Always dispose of chemicals properly


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Dont buy chemicals you do not need

Dont eat, drink, smoke, chew gum or apply cosmetics in

lab Dont mouth pipette

Dont use unlabeled containers

Know chemical properties as well as toxicity


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Keys to Working Safely

Read your Chemical Hygiene Plan

Review MSDS for each chemical

Read all labels Know your protocol / procedures

Remember, some chemicals may

have delayed toxic effects on thebody


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Acknowledgement

Asia-Pacific Biosafety Training Network

(http://apbtn.com)

The University of Floridas Institute ofFood and Agricultural Sciences (UF/IFAS)

(http://disaster.ifas.ufl.edu/agroChem/che

m-safe1.)

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