MODULE 5: EARLY CHILDHOOD ILLNESS

Module 5EARLY CHILDHOOD ILLNESSES

ENRICHED MODULAR PACKAGES

FOR WOMEN

MAC PAUL V. ALARIAO, RN, MSNRegional GAD Focal Persom

Common DiseasesFever

Cough/ColdsDiarrheaScabiesParasitism

Managements:Management of other Childhood Illnesses

Newborn ScreeningSix Communicable Immunizable DiseasesEarly Detection and Prevention of Childhood Disabilities

Session 1: FEVER

Session Objectives:1.Understand that fever is just a symptoms of an illness;2.Identify the different diseases that have fever as one of the symptoms;3.Administer the proper care and management of a person with fever;4.Learn the proper care management of different disease that caused the fever; and5.Prepare and plant larvae trap for dengue mosquito

Session 1: FEVER

FEVER

Typhoid FeverMalariaDengueMeasles

Chicken PoxTuberculosisLeptospirosis

Session 1: FEVER

Typhoid FeverLife threatening illness with fever for at least 5 days accompanied by weakness, constipation and diarrhea and abdominal discomfort with “SALMONELLA TYPHI” grown from blood or stool

Session 1: FEVER

Typhoid FeverPREVENTION:Boil water for drinking or Do water chlorinationCook food well and always use food cover to prevent flies and other insects from contaminating the food.Wash thoroughly all vegetables and fruits especially those that are eaten rawAvoid eating street vended foodsWash hands with soap and water after using the toilet and before eatingKeep surrounding clean to prevent breeding fliesGet vaccinated against fever

IMMEDIATE TREATMENT:Bring suspected cases immediately to the nearest health center or hospital

EFFECTS:InfectionIntestinal BleedingMeningitisDeath

Session 1: FEVER

FEVER



Session 1: FEVER

MalariaDisease transmitted through a bite of an infected female anopheles mosquito. It usually bites during nighttime

Session 1: FEVER

MalariaPREVENTION:Use mosquito nets. It is more effective if the mosquito net is treated with insecticideUse long sleeves and pantsUse repellants/coil and screen on doors and windowsClear hanging branches of trees along the streamHave your blood examined if you have the signs and symptoms of malariaFollow the advice of health workers on how to take anti – malaria drugs

IMMEDIATE TREATMENT:If symptoms persist, go to the nearest health center or hospital

EFFECTS:Possible kidney or liver failureComaDeath

Session 1: FEVER

FEVER



Session 1: FEVER

DengueDengue Hemorrhagic Fever is a severe often fatal complication of dengue. It is an acute infectious disease initially with fever. Dengue is a flu – like viral disease spread by the bite of infected mosquitoes.

Session 1: FEVER

DenguePREVENTION:Search and destroy breeding places of mosquitoesProtect self from mosquito bitesIf person has symptoms of dengue, report travel history to a doctor.

IMMEDIATE TREATMENT:There is no specific treatment for dengue. Persons with dengue fever should rest and drink plenty of fluids. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever is treated by replacing lost fluids. Some sick person need transfusion to control bleeding.Follow treatment regimen. Take medicines as prescribed. Do not take aspirin.

EFFECTS:High feverPossible Death

Session 1: FEVER

FEVER



Session 1: FEVER

MeaslesIs a viral disease – a highly communicable disease. It spreads easily from person to person. It is characterized by an itchy skin rash. The rash often starts on the head and moves down the body.

Session 1: FEVER

MeaslesPREVENTION:Immunization with measles vaccine at 9 months old.Vitamin A supplementation during routine vaccination

IMMEDIATE TREATMENT:Nutritional support and oral rehydration to increase body resistance and replace lost of body fluids caused by coughing, diarrhea and perspirationAntibiotics as prescribed by the physician to treat body infectionsGiving of supplementation among infants and children diagnosed with measles

EFFECTS:DiarrheaOtitis mediaPneumoniaEncephalitisMalnutritionBlindness

Session 1: FEVER

FEVER



Session 1: FEVER

Chicken PoxOne of the classic childhood diseases. A child may develop hundreds of itchy, fluid-filled blisters that burst and form crusts. It is caused by a virus.

Session 1: FEVER

Chicken PoxPREVENTION:Avoid crowed areas during epidemicsIsolate known casesVaccine is available as precautionary measures and as per doctor’s advice

IMMEDIATE TREATMENT:Chicken pox rashes will disappear in 1 – 2 weeks time even without treatmentSeek immediate medical care. Know the location of the nearest health worker/health facility.Refer any person suspected of having chicken pox to the health worker or hospital.

EFFECTS:Scars

Session 1: FEVER

FEVER



Session 1: FEVER

TuberculosisIs a bacterial infection. The bacteria attack the lungs, but it can also damage other parts of the body.

Incubation period is about 4 – 12 weeks from infection or a year or two after infection of pulmonary or extra pulmonary tuberculosis.

Session 1: FEVER

TuberculosisPREVENTION: (if infected with TB, the following should be practiced to avoid infecting other:)Cover your mouth when coughing and your nose when sneezingDo not cough nor sneeze directly in front of other people.Wash your hands with soap and water after covering mouth or nose when coughing or sneezing.

EFFECTS:Morbidity and Mortality rates are higher in developing country

Session 1: FEVER

FEVER



Session 1: FEVER

LeptospirosisCaused by exposure to several types of leptospira bacteria with an incubation period of 7 – 10 day, which can be found in fresh water that has been contaminated by animal urine.

Session 1: FEVER

LeptospirosisPREVENTION:Avoid swimming or wading in potentially contaminated water or flood waterUse of proper protection like boots and gloves when work requires exposure to contaminated waterDrain potentially contaminated water when possibleControl rats in the household by using rat traps or rat poison, maintaining cleanliness in the house.

IMMEDIATE TREATMENT:Take medicines/antibiotics duly prescribed by a doctorReturn on the schedules follow – up visitEarly recognition and treatment within two days of illness to prevent complications so an early consultation is advised

Session 1: FEVER

MAHALAGANG PAALALA:Bring suspected cases immediately to the nearest health center or hospital

IMMEDIATE TREATMENT FOR FEVER:Place the child in a comfortable room with open windowsLet the child wear confortable clothesDo not wrap the child with thick blanketSponge bath the child with tap waterLet the child drink plenty of waterGive Paracetamol to lower down the body temperature.Put cold compress in the foreheadRemove the child’s clothes if he/she has high fever. Bring immediately to the nearest hospitalUse banana trunk to lower body temperature

Session 2: COUGH, COMMON COLDS AND PNEUMONIA

Session Objectives:At the end of the session, the participants should be able to:1.Learn about cough, common colds and pneumonia; and2.Administer the proper care and management of cough, common colds and pneumonia


CoughCommon Colds

Pneumonia


A symptom of the other illness related to throat, bronchi and lungs.

Cough


COUGH

Dry cough with phlegmCough with phlegmCough with Asthma

Cough with difficulty in breathing

On and off cough, emphysema and smokers cough

Cough with combination of blood

Cough with weight loss


CoughPrevention:1.Do not give medicines immediately to stop coughing2.Give child plenty of water every day3.Avoid crowded places4.If cough is severe, do the postural drainage after the stream inhalation twice a day.5.Give steam inhalation for 15 minutes6.Avoid smoke particles and dusty places

Treatment:1.Simple dry cough with running nose (common colds) – can be easily be cured by merely waiting


CoughCommon Colds

Pneumonia


Also known as a viral upper respiratory tract infection, is a self – limited contagious illness that can be caused by a number of different types of viruses that the body never builds up resistance against all of them. For this reason, colds are a frequent and recurring problem.

Common Colds


COLDS

Nasal stuffiness or drainageSore or scratchy throat

SneezingHoarseness

CoughFever and Headache

Tiredness and Body ache


Common ColdsTreatment:1.There is no cure for common cold.2.Home treatment is directed at alleviating the symptoms associated with the common cold and allowing this self – limiting illness to run it course.3.Supportive measures for the common cold include rest and drinking plenty of fluids4.Over-the-counter medications such as throat lozenges, throat sprays, cough drops and cough syrups may also bring relief

Effect:1.Weakened immune system 2.If the illness continues, the body becomes even weaker.3.Susceptibility to other more dangerous and complicated diseases such as pneumonia and influenza which at times can be fatal.4.Can lead to sinusitis, bronchitis, hypothermia, strep throat and otitis media5.If chronic lung disease is present, such as asthmas, there is a risk of the illness being aggravated, leading to frequent attacks.


CoughCommon Colds

Pneumonia


Is a general term that refers to an infection of the lungs, which can be caused by a variety of microorganisms, including viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites. Often pneumonia begins after an upper respiratory tract infection. When this happens, symptoms of pneumonia begins after 2 or 3 days of cold or sore throat.

Pneumonia


PneumoniaPrevention:1.Stop smoking2.Avoid contact with people who have respiratory tract infection such as cold and influenza3.If a person has not had measles or chicken pox or gotten vaccines against these diseases, avoid contact with people who have these infection. Pneumonia can be a complication of measles or chicken pox, so getting these infections can put you at risk for getting pneumonia.4.Wash hands often5.Vaccination

Treatment:1.Doctors use antibiotics to treat pneumonia caused by bacteria, the most common cause of the condition. The number of days you take antibiotics depends on your general health, how serious your pneumonia is, and the type of antibiotic you are taking.

Effect:1.Bacteria in the bloodstream2.Infection and fluid accumulation3.Abscess of the lung4.Acute respiratory distress syndrome

Session 3: DIARRHEA

Session Objectives:At the end of the session, the participants should be able to:1.Learn about diarrhea2.Administer the proper care and management of diarrhea; and3.Learn how to prepare an Oral Rehydration Solution (ORESOL).

Session 3: DIARRHEA

Session 3: DIARRHEA

DiarrheaThe passage of loose and watery stools often associated with gassiness, bloating and abdominal pain. It may also be accompanied by nausea, vomiting and fever

Session 3: DIARRHEA

Diarrhea

Infection: VirusBacteria

Intestinal Parasites

Malnutrition, Parasites and

Allergies

Dehydration

Session 3: DIARRHEADiarrhea

Prevention:1.Drink water only from safe sources. If unsure, boil water for three minutes or do water chlorination.2.Eat only foods that well-cooked and properly prepared. Avoid eating in street vended street.3.Keep the food away from insects and rats by covering them.4.Wash fruits and vegetables with clean water before eating or cooking5.Use toilet bowl when defecating6.Wash your hand before and after using the toilet

Treatment:1.Prevent excessive loss of fluid and salt by giving ORS.2.Give other recommended home fluids like rice water/soup, clear soup , coconut juice, water to replace lost body fluids.3.Drink water especially if there is fever.4.Eat to prevent or minimize nutritional damage.5.Give easily digested food and can be taken in small amount.6.Continue breastfeeding

Prevention:7.Proper waste and excreta disposal.8.Thorough washing of hands with soap and water9.Take zinc supplemental10.Maintain cleanliness in our surroundings

Treatment:7.Stop temporarily giving milk if the child who is fed with formula milks8.Thorough hand washing with water and soap9.Give zinc supplements10.Antibiotic is needed/required when the bowel movement has blood.11.Consult the doctor if diarrhea is severe especially in children and elderly12.Monitor the sick person closely, particularly children who do not show a clear improvement

Session 3: DIARRHEA

DehydrationIs a condition of loosing too much liquid from the body

Session 3: DIARRHEADanger

Drinks eagerly and thristyLack of appetiteLoss of weight

Dehydrated skin, lip and tongue

Enlargement of eyesWeakening of Body

Slow voice

Session 3: DIARRHEADanger

Difficulty of BreatingSlow and fast heart rate

Loss of weightColdness of skin

DizzinessConvulsion

Death

Session 3: DIARRHEA

Five Keys to Safer Food: (WHO)1.Keep clean2.Separate raw and cooked food3.Cook food thoroughly4.Keep food at safe temperatures5.Use water and materials

Session 4: SCABIES

Session Objectives:At the end of the session, the participants should be able to:1.Learn about scabies2.Administer the proper care and management of scabies; and3.Prepare garlic ointment for scabies

Session 4: SCABIES

Is an itchy, highly contagious skin condition by an infestation by the itch mite “Sarcoptes scabiei”

Scabies

Session 4: SCABIES

PREVENTION:1.Regularly take a bath and change into clean clothes2.Wash clothes and blankets every day and allow it to dry under the sun3.Hand washing with water and soap after using the toilet4.If treating the scabies, treat the whole body not only the affected area.5.Treat all the members of the family who are affected.

ScabiesHERBAL MEDICINE FOR SCABIES:1.Garlic (Bawang)2.Bitter Gourd (Ampalaya)3.Guava (Bayabas)

TREATMENT:1.Bathe the patient with soap and rub the whole body2.Heat the Vaseline and put Vaseline or sulfur ointment the whole body except on face. Allow it for whole day and rinse. Do it again after a week.3.To stop the itchiness, put hot water on the affected area that the sick person can bear.

Session 5: PARASITISM

Session Objectives:At the end of the session, the participants should be able to:1.Learn about parasitism2.Administer the proper care and management of parasitism


Are organism that live inside the human body which serves as their host. They produce toxin waste products that can make human beings very ill.

HUMAN PARASITES


PREVENTION:1.Cover left-cover food to avoid flies and any other insects from getting in the food.2.Wash hands before and after serving food.3.Throw waste properly4.Use toilet/comfort room properly5.Teach the child not to put his or her hand or any object in the child’s mouth to avoid germs6.Cut nails short

HUMAN PARASITESPREVENTION:7.Teach the child to wash their private parts and hands every morning and after each bowel movement8.Let the mats and blankets dry under the sun9.Always wear slippers, sandals or shoes

Managements:Management of other Childhood Illnesses

Newborn ScreeningSix Communicable Immunizable DiseasesEarly Detection and Prevention of Childhood Disabilities

Session 6: OTHER CHILDHOOD ILLNESSESS

other

N. Tetanus/TetanusDiphtheria

PolioMumps

InfluenzaUTI

Head LiceHepatitis


Deadly disease caused by a germ that lives in the soil and feces of animals and humans and enters the body through any kind of wound

Neonatal Tetanus/Tetanus


MANAGEMENT:1.Rush the baby to the nearest doctor, health center or hospital2.Prevention of tetanus newborn

a. TT (Tetanus Toxoid) for mothers during pregnancy

b. During childbirth, make sure the instruments used in cutting the cord is thoroughly clean and sterilized

c. Make sure that the newly cut cord is always dry and clean.

Neonatal Tetanus/Tetanus


Highly contagious infection caused by a germ, it usually affects the throat

Diphtheria


MANAGEMENT:1.Have the child immunized with DPT vaccine2.Avoid the child to heavily crowded places. The germs from the mouth, nose or throat of an infected child can easily spread when he/she coughs or sneezes.3.Keep the child away from the children infected with diphtheria4.Do not let the child use spoon, fork and plate, beddings and clothes and other articles that have been touched by an infected child.

Diphtheria


Caused by a virus that commonly strikes children below 2 y/o

Some parts of the body become paralyzed, especially the legs and the feet. The paralyzed limb becomes thin and does not grow as normally as the affected limb

Polio can be life threatening disease when vital centers of the brain or the muscles of respiration are affected.

Polio


MANAGEMENT:1.Rush the child to the nearest hospital2.Because there is no known cure for polio, immunization of the child is very important.

Polio


Is caused by a virus transmitted by a person with a disease.

Complication: sterility for male

Mumps


MANAGEMENT:1.Bed rest us not necessary if the child has no fever2.Place a hot or cold compress to ease the pain in the swollen glands3.Feed the child, soft, easy to digest, nourishing food and give him or her plenty of fluids.4.Keep the mouth clean by making him/her brush the teeth and tongue or making him/her gargle after eating5.Give herbal medicine for fever.

Mumps


Also known as flu is caused by virus which lowers the body’s resistance to bacterial infection. An unhealthy, malnourished person or one who has tuberculosis is much more susceptible to influenza than a healthy person. The flu virus is spread through the air.

Influenza


MANAGEMENT:1.Isolate the sick person from others2.Let the child have plenty of bed rest3.Give him or her a sponge bath, herbal medicine to bring down the fever4.Give him/her a balanced diet5.For the cough, give plenty of water to drink6.Call a doctor if fever persists for a week or longer

Mumps


Caused by viral or bacteria infection of the tonsils

Tonsillitis


MANAGEMENT:1.Drink plenty of water2.Gargle with lukewarm water with salt3.Suck antiseptic lozenges or cough drops4.A doctor will prescribe antibiotic for bacterial infection5.In rare cases, tonsillectomy will be performed (surgical removal of tonsils)

Tonsillitis


Can occur when bacteria find their way into the bladder or kidneys. These bacteria are normally found on the skin around the anus or sometimes around the vagina

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)


MANAGEMENT:1.Drink plenty of liquid to flush the bacteria out of the bladder through frequent urination2.Go to health center or hospital3.Proper hygiene

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)


Head lice infest both dirty and clean hair indiscriminately

Head Lice


MANAGEMENT:1.Use medicated shampoo or lotion to kill the lice2.Use a fine-toothed comb3.Soak all brushes, combs and hair accessories in a lice shampoo solution or alcohol for several hours then wash them thoroughly4.Wash all used bed sheets, blankets, pillow cases and towels in hot water and dry under the heat of the sun5.Consult a doctor of there is bacterial infection (boils, pus, discharge) on the scalp

Head Lice


Inflammation of the liver, usually producing “swelling” and tenderness and sometimes permanent damage to the liver.

The hepatitis viruses are hepatitis A, B, C, D, E, and G. The most common are A, B and C.

Hepatitis


MANAGEMENT:1.Consult a doctor2.Get plenty of rest and nourishment3.Do not perform heavy, strenuous physical activity, do not take alcohol

Hepatitis

ORAL HEALTH OF FILIPINO CHILDREN

9 OUT OF 10 FILIPINO

CHILDREN ARE

AFFECTED WITH TOOTH

DECAY


It causes pain, swelling

and fever


The consequences and cost of oral diseases are significant

Disturbed speechBecomes withdrawn and avoids socializing with

people and so lessens his opportunities for advancement.

More critical however is the effect of poor or defective teeth to overall nutrition so necessary to maintain good general health. That begins with the first bite and chewing the food efficiently.


Oral diseases affects productivity in school (learning), general health

and well-being


Although not considered killer diseases (except oral cancer) weaken bodily defense and serve as

portal of entry to other more serious, potentially dangerous and opportunistic infections


Incapacitate a young victim such as in crippling heart

conditions arising from oral infection


Newborn Screening

A simple procedure to find out if a baby has a congenital metabolic disorder that may lead to mental retardation or even death if left untreated.

Newborn Screening

SIGNIFICANCE OF NEWBORN SCREENING

Newborn Screening

Most babies with metabolic disorder look normal at birth. One will never know that the baby has the disorder until the signs and symptoms are manifested. By this time, irreversible consequences are already present.

14 year old normal boy

14 year old with CH

18 year old with CH

14 year old with CH

Newborn Screening

Jannele and Betina are 7 and 6 years old saved by NBS

from CH

Joana Paula is now 6 years old saved by NBS

from CAH

Newborn Screening

Disorder Screened

Effect if NOT SCREENED

Effect if SCREENED and Treated

CH (Congenital Hypothyroidism)

Severe Mental Retardation

Normal

CAH (Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia)

Death Alive

GAL (Galactosemia) Death or Cataracts AlivePKU (Phenylketonuria) Severe Mental

RetardationNormal

G6PD Deficiency Severe AnemiaKernicterus

Normal

Newborn Screening

Disorder Golden Period

Outcome if not treated

CH 4 weeks Mental retardation CAH 9-13 days DeathPKU 3 weeks Mental retardationGal 2 weeks Death, cataract

G6PD deficiency Kernicterus, Hemolytic,

Anemia

Newborn Screening

Expanded Program on

Immunization

Immunization:

Protects children against several dangerous diseases. A child is immunized by vaccines which are injected or given by mouth.

Immunization is urgent. All immunizations should be completed in the first year of the child’s life.

It is safe to immunize a sick child.

Expanded Program on Immunization

Vaccine:

Is a weak or dead microorganism which can be injected in the body or taken – in orally to kill the bad microorganisms in the body to prevent getting sick.


Guide on Vaccination:


Vaccine Age Frequency Reaction ManagementBCG (TB)

After Delivery

Once Redness in the area where the vaccine is injected

Pus formation 6 – 8 weeks after vaccination

Do not expose under the heat of the sun two hours after the vaccination.

Avoid scratching the wound caused by vaccination



Vaccine Age Frequency Reaction ManagementOPV

(Polio)1 ½ - 2 months

3 times None Do not eat or drink within one hour after the vaccination

DPT (Diphther

ia, Pertussis

, Tetanus)

1 ½ - 12 months

3 times Fever

Swelling and pain in the area where

vaccine is injected

Drink lots of water

Give acetaminophen for pain and feverSoothe/damp with hot towel (warm compress) the area injected with vaccine



Vaccine Age Frequency Reaction ManagementAMV

(Measles)9 – 11 months

One Fever

Bump

Do not eat or drink within one hour after the vaccination

MODULE 5: EARLY CHILDHOOD ILLNESS

Education

Transcript of MODULE 5: EARLY CHILDHOOD ILLNESS