Module 31 Assessing Intelligence Worth Publishers.

Module 31

Assessing Intelligence

Worth Publishers


One-Minute Intelligence Test

Alfred Binet – French Psychologist developed intelligence test when

schools needed a way to objectively identify students with special needs

believed that all children follow same path of development, some develop more rapidly

Origins of Intelligence Testing


Mental Age a measure of intelligence test

performance devised by Binet chronological age that most

typically corresponds to a given level of performance

child who does as well as the average 8-year-old is said to have a mental age of 8


Stanford-Binet the widely used American

revision of Binet’s original intelligence test revised by Terman at Stanford

University extended range to include adults Developed test to evaluate

immigrants and WWI army recruits – cultural bias


Intelligence Quotient (IQ) defined originally the ratio of

mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100 IQ = (ma/ca x 100)

on contemporary tests, the average performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100

If mental and chronological age are the same, IQ = 100.

Most current intellectual tests, no longer measure an IQ.

Original formula works for children, not for adults.

Today’s intellectual tests compare mental ability score based on test-taker’s performance relative to the average performance of others that are the same age.

2/3 of all people score between 85-115.



Aptitude Test a test designed to predict a person’s

future performance (ex. SAT) aptitude is the capacity to learn

Achievement Test a test designed to assess what a

person has learned (ex. course exam)


Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) most widely used intelligence

test Subtests – (11)

verbal

performance (nonverbal)

Assessing Intelligence: Sample Items from the WAIS

From Thorndike and Hagen, 1977

VERBAL

General Information Similarities Arithmetic ReasoningVocabularyComprehensionDigit Span

PERFORMANCE

Picture Completion Picture ArrangementBlock DesignObject AssemblyDigit-Symbol Substitution

Subtest of the WAIS-R -Measures abilities to see similarities

(Transparency/Analogies)

Assessing Intelligence: Sample Items from the WAIS

To be widely accepted, intelligence tests have to be – Standardized Reliable Valid (Stanford-Binet, Wechsler tests met all

three.)


Basis for comparing your score to others’ performance –

1. Give test to a representative group of people.

2. When people take test their scores are compared to the sample in #1.



Standardization defining meaningful scores by comparison

with the performance of a pretested “standardization group”

Normal Curve the symmetrical bell-shaped curve that

describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes

most scores fall near the average, and fewer and fewer scores lie near the extremes

The Normal Curve (Transparency)

Getting Smarter?Flynn Effect

Flynn Effect

Greater test sophistication? Better nutrition? More education? More stimulation in the environment? Less childhood disease? Smaller families and more parental

involvement?


Reliability the extent to which a test yields

consistent results assessed by consistency of scores on:

two halves of the test – split test – odd/even alternate forms of the test retesting

Validity the extent to which a test measures or

predicts what it is supposed to

Standardized Test

Chitlings Test

Morris Shoe Size Test –

Are these tests – standardized, reliable, valid?



Content Validity the extent to which a test samples

the behavior that is of interest driving test that samples driving tasks

Criterion behavior (such as college grades)

that a test (such as the SAT) is designed to predict

the measure used in defining whether the test has predictive validity


Predictive Validity success with which a test predicts

the behavior it is designed to predict

assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior

also called criterion-related validity


As the range of data under consideration narrows, its predictive power diminishes

Greater correlationover broad rangeof body weights

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Little corre-lation withinrestricted

range

Football linemen’s

success

Body weight in pounds180 250 290

The Dynamics of Intelligence

Mental Retardation a condition of limited mental ability indicated by an intelligence score below

70 produces difficulty in adapting to the

demands of life varies from mild to profound

Down Syndrome retardation and associated physical

disorders caused by an extra chromosome in one’s genetic makeup

The Dynamics of Intelligence(Transparency)

Module 31 Assessing Intelligence Worth Publishers.

Documents

Transcript of Module 31 Assessing Intelligence Worth Publishers.