Exam

Name___________________________________

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1) Externally mandated testing and assessment programs are often appealing to policy makersbecause they

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A) indicate high or low teacher quality.B) are written by teachers in the child's given school or school system.C) are popular with teachers.D) indicate whether a given school or school district is effective.

2) Which of the following best summarizes the findings in the report "A Nation at Risk"? 2)A) Tests should be administered beginning in the upper elementary or middle school grades.B) Children in the USA scored better than students in most European countries but lower than

most students in Asian countries.C) The quality of American education was mediocre compared with other countries.D) Children tended to be tested too much, especially in later grades.

3) Which of the following would likely be a possible danger of the accountability movement on thelocal school program?

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A) a narrowing of objectivesB) an overemphasis on performance objectivesC) a neglect for basic skillsD) an expansion of the curriculum

4) Which of the following events followed shortly after the publication of "A Nation at Risk"? 4)A) Many teachers and administrators were fired and/or transferred to other positions.B) No Child Left Behind was enacted.C) All 50 states introduced some form of educational reform.D) One standardized test was adopted for use by all 50 states.

5) Computerized testing can increase the efficiency of testing by incorporating 5)A) adaptive testing procedures. B) conventional test layout and formats.C) more essay questions. D) informal teacher-made tests.

6) Test critics have focused much of their attention on which of the following? 6)A) the use of multiple-choice itemsB) printing tests in other languages for nonnative English speaking studentsC) how essay tests are administeredD) how math and science tests are scored

7) Misuse of published tests probably can best be prevented by more careful 7)A) interpretation. B) administration. C) scoring. D) collation.

8) Which of the following would serve as a particularly well founded criticism of standardized tests? 8)A) They require excessive time to administer.B) They measure only limited characteristics of an individual.C) They are used to evaluate teachers rather than children's achievement levels.D) They result in an overemphasis on complex reasoning skills.

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9) Critics of externally mandated tests argue that these tests cause anxiety for children. Which of thefollowing arguments might a proponent of externally mandated test likely counter with?

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A) Giving students positive rewards for doing well on tests negates most test anxiety.B) Students with test anxiety tend score well on these tests because they are awarded extra time.C) Moderate test anxiety can lead to student motivation to learn and do well on tests.D) Test anxiety may be present for older students but is virtually nonexistent for younger

students.

10) Ms. Smith is using an assessment to gauge how well James is learning day-to-day class material aswell as devising educational programs designed to help students learn the classroom materialbetter. Which of the following types of assessment would be most beneficial to Ms. Smith?

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A) arbitrary B) formativeC) summative D) externally mandated

11) Classroom assessment of students should primarily focus on which of the following? 11)A) learning B) behavior C) grading D) feedback

12) Which of the following forms of assessment is the most effective way to determine whetherstudents are making satisfactory progress?

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A) norm-referenced B) summativeC) diagnostic D) formative

13) Measurement always involves which of the following? 13)A) value judgments B) testingC) performance D) numbers

14) When teachers use tests and assessments in the classroom, the highest priority should be given towhich of the following factors?

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A) improving instruction B) maintaining adequate school recordsC) assigning course grades D) reporting student progress to parents

15) Formative assessment is used primarily for which of the following purposes? 15)A) placing students in groups B) grading studentsC) selecting students for awards D) monitoring student progress

16) Summative assessments are most appropriate for which of the following? 16)A) diagnosing student strengths and weaknessesB) measuring progress during learningC) measuring entry learning skills in students from various backgroundsD) determining the extent to which instructional goals have been achieved

17) Which of the following types of assessments would most likely be norm-referenced? 17)A) mastery goal attainment B) readinessC) diagnostic D) college entrance exam

18) Which of the following is most likely to be used in a criterion-referenced interpretation? 18)A) percentile score of 80 B) average score in a groupC) highest score in a group D) percentage correct score out of 20

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19) A test is referred to as objective when it meets which of the following criteria? 19)A) It measures a clearly defined set of standards.B) There is a standard procedure for interpreting the results.C) It is constructed using a variety of question types.D) Different scorers obtain the same results.

20) Mr. Rich is a new teacher and is concerned about his class understanding the material being taught.Which of the following types of assessment would best monitor his instruction?

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A) aptitude tests B) frequent class quizzesC) standardized achievement tests D) a pretest at the beginning of the class

21) Recent research on learning and cognitive development has led to an increased emphasis on whichof the following?

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A) basic skills instructionB) learning hierarchies of sequential skills of increasing complexityC) students constructing meaning from problem solvingD) use of drill-and-practice learning activities

22) When specifying learning outcomes to be used in the development of classroom tests andassessments, teachers need to guard against an overemphasis on

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A) problem solving skills. B) higher level thinking skills.C) application of principles. D) easy to measure factual knowledge.

23) Which of the following factors should be considered first by teachers when assigning weight toeach learning outcome in an assessment?

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A) the number of times it will be assessedB) the complexity of the objectiveC) the instructional time devoted to the topicD) the emphasis given on popular standardized tests

24) Which of the following questions would best satisfy the criteria for selecting instructionalobjectives?

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A) Are they representative of all disciplines?B) Can they be quickly and easily assessed?C) Can they all be assessed on an essay exam?D) Are they attainable by the students to be taught?

25) Which of the following would indicate the lowest level of learning for a student? 25)A) applies a principle to a specific situationB) gives a textbook definition of a principleC) states an example of a principleD) explains a principle in his or her own words

26) Which of the following is an example of an application behavior? 26)A) reciting a poem B) underlining a sentenceC) enjoying classical music D) solving a math problem

27) Which of the following provides the best example of a student showing analysis of material? 27)A) recites multiplication tables B) outlines a chapterC) circles an answer D) defines vocabulary terms

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28) The term validity, as used in testing and assessment, refers to which of the following? 28)A) sets of scores B) items or tasks in the test or assessmentC) interpretation of the results D) setting learning standards

29) All the following relationships between validity and reliability are possible except which of thefollowing?

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A) high validity and high reliability B) low validity and high reliabilityC) low validity and low reliability D) high validity and low reliability

30) If a test is valid for one group of individuals, it most likely means that it 30)A) is valid for all groups of individuals.B) may not be valid for other groups of individuals.C) holds strong construct validity.D) by definition possesses strong content validity.

31) When evaluating a standardized achievement test, the most important validity consideration is the 31)A) construct claim made by the publisher. B) predictive relationship with a criterion.C) content covered by the test. D) variety of questions offered on the test.

32) Interpreting a student's chances of success in college can be most effectively done through the useof which of the following?

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A) reliability B) expectancy tablesC) construct validity D) test blueprints

33) The term reliability is closest in meaning to which of the following terms? 33)A) validity B) practicality C) consistency D) objectivity

34) The standard error of measurement refers to the error involved in which of the following? 34)A) computing the standard deviation B) setting mastery standardsC) any assessment D) standardized testing

35) The standard error of measurement tends to be smallest for which of the following scores? 35)A) extremely low B) high and low C) average D) extremely high

36) An achievement test is most useful if it is 36)A) comprised of different question types. B) reliable and valid.C) easy to score. D) given in essay form.

37) As reliability increases, what happens to the confidence band? 37)A) It stays the same. B) It automatically goes to zero.C) It narrows. D) It widens.

38) Which of the following test characteristics would remain most constant over different groups? 38)A) standard error of measurement B) standard deviationC) validity coefficient D) reliability coefficient

39) Which of the following would be the best procedure to use for improving the reliability of aclassroom test?

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A) making items easier B) using more extended-response tasksC) increasing the number of items or tasks D) making items more difficult

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40) The standard error of measurement is especially useful for which of the following calculations? 40)A) estimating validity coefficients B) interpreting individual test scoresC) converting raw scores to standard scores D) comparing the reliability of different tests

41) The term reliability, as used in testing and assessment, refers to which of the following? 41)A) method of test interpretation B) test or assessment resultsC) accuracy of test construction D) method of test construction

42) Reliability can be best determined by 42)A) comparing test scores to a criterion. B) analyzing the overall assessment plan.C) comparing the errors examiners make. D) correlating assessment scores.

43) Which of the following is an example of criterion-referenced validity? 43)A) content B) predictive C) permanence D) construct

44) Which of the following would likely be a validity consideration inferred from observable behavior? 44)A) construct B) consequence C) content D) criterion

45) Criterion-related validity considerations typically include which of the following? 45)A) correlations B) construct variablesC) psychological traits D) cut-off scores

46) Which of the following is an example of concurrent validity? 46)A) known high science achievers scoring high on a biology achievement testB) two sets of behaviors occurring at onceC) updating classroom behaviorsD) the setting of a standard of performance that is expected to be reached

47) Criterion-related evidence of validity can best be obtained by examining which of the following? 47)A) table of specifications B) test sampleC) reliability coefficient D) expectancy table

48) Which of the following is best stated as a general instructional objective? 48)A) Gains skill in readingB) Possesses ability to use reference materialsC) Demonstrates how to use laboratory equipmentD) Applies learning, as needed

49) Which of the following is best stated as a specific learning outcome? 49)A) Can tell when conclusions lack validity B) States valid conclusionsC) Develops ability to evaluate conclusions D) Knows when conclusions are valid

50) Which of the following is an example of a performance term? 50)A) outlines B) appreciates C) thinks D) realizes

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