Module 3. Situational Analysis_July16

Module 3. Situational Analysis

ORIENTATIONSituational Analysis

Objectives:

1. Assessing resources and resource uses;2. Generating map with the proposed protection and

production forestlands; 3. Identifying problems, issues, and opportunities

based on current situations and resource uses;4. Assessing stakeholders and institutions and5. Generating proposed allocation (tenure) of

forestland.

3

1. Review current forestland assets – (1) biophysical resources (Tables 1.-13. & 15.) – (2) social/cultural/economic resources (Tables 16.) – (3) institutional resources (Tables 19.)

2. Review trends/changes in resource assets (Table 9. FGD Results)

– Agree on criteria and identify primary management zones protection and production forests/areas (Map 15. & 16., Table 14)

– Consider relationships/conflicts among users and stakeholders & capabilities of resource institutions to manage the LGU’s forestland (Table 16.)

– Identify possible problems/ issues, needs and opportunities(Guiding Questions for Situational Analysis)

Methods and Expected Outputs:

StepsSituational Analysis

STEPS of Situational Analysis

Orientation and preparation of data for analysis Final data:•14 Thematic Maps•2 Derived Maps•Forestland Assets•Community Profile•Institutional Profile

Situational Analysis workshop (issues and

opportunities) and preliminary proposed

allocation

Consensus BuildingDENR Technical

DiscussionC/MDC Meeting(Final Proposed

Allocation)

Cross visit to LGU implementing FLUP

STEP 1.

STEP 2.

STEP 3.

STEP 1. Finalization of data for analysis

14 Thematic Maps14 Thematic Maps Derived MapsDerived MapsCommunity

ProfileTABLE 16.

Community Profile

TABLE 16.

Institutional Profile

TABLE 19.


TABLE 19.

TABLES 1.-15., 17. & 18.

TABLES 1.-15., 17. & 18.


Finalize: 14 thematic maps, 2 derived maps, community profile, complete institutional profile

14 Thematic Maps

ANALYSIS of ISSUES & OPPORTUNITIESANALYSIS of ISSUES & OPPORTUNITIES

STEP 2. Situational Analysis Workshop Analysis of Issues and Opportunities & Proposed Allocation

Protection vs

Production

Water Production

Areas

Community Profile


PROPOSED ALLOCATIONPROPOSED

ALLOCATION

ORIENTATIONto

ALLOCATION OPTIONS

ORIENTATIONto

ALLOCATION OPTIONS

Issues&

Opportunities


Combine data, analyze and derive main issues, constraints and opportunities, after orientation to allocation options propose appropriate allocation for open access areas

STEP 3. Consensus Buildingto agree FINAL ALLOCATION and propose strategies

1 day Technical Discussion

with DENR

1 day Presentation to

C/MDC

PROPOSED ALLOCATIONPROPOSED

ALLOCATION

INITIAL SUPPORT

STRATEGIES

INITIAL SUPPORT

STRATEGIES

FOR STRATEGIC PLANNING


Present the results of SA to DENR and Municipal Development Council, finalize allocation and get feedback. Cross visit to LGU implementing FLUP is also recommended at this stage. It will help MTWG to draft strategies during the next module.

STEP 1. Finalization

of Data for Situational

Analysis

STEP 1. Finalization of data1. Mapping Group

– to produce derived maps (Protection vs. Production and WPA) and – tables based on all maps

2. Community Profiling Group– to check/finalize the Community Profile and findings of FGD

– to produce Institutional Profile with the help of facilitators

Forest and Forestland Assets “Bio-Physical”

Identify Current Resource Assets and how much is available – land, water bodies and watersheds, natural forests, plantations, biodiversity resources, nature based tourism assets, grazing, minerals, grassland/ brushlands, cultivated forestlands, etc (use thematic maps)

Determine the extent of these resources and where these are located - (area) & barangay locations.

(Overlay resource thematic maps and barangay admin map)

RESULT: Tables 1.-13. & 15.

Mapping Group:

FFL Assets by barangay FFL AssetsWatershed AWatershed BWatershed CWatershed NTotal Land Area- Forest lands- A & D landsWater bodies - Rivers and creeks (kms.)Natural Forests - Upland (ha) - Mangroves (ha)PlantationsWater infrastructures- irrigation (no.)- domestic water reservoirs (no.)- hydro power (no.)Water production - catchment areas (ha) - irrigated areas (ha) - springs (no.)

Biodiversity assets

- proclaimed protected areas (ha)- known habitats of endangered species (ha. or no.)- closed canopy forests (ha)

- mangrove forests (ha)

- identified endangered species (no. & names)

Nature-based tourism assets

- caves (no.)

- water falls (no.)

- lakes (no.)

- other assets

Grasslands & brushlandsForestland under cultivation (perennial, agricultural)Active mining areas and quarry

Other FFL assets

Tables 1.-8. & 10.-13. & 15.

Mapping Group:

Prior to Situational Analysis Mapping Group will 1) Produce two derived maps:

– Protection vs. Production Map– Water Production Area Map

2) Through map overlays fill three derived tables:1. “current landuse in protection vs. production zones” (Table 14. )2. “distribution of tenured/allocated areas and protection vs. production

areas within” (Table 17.)3. “current landuse in open access area” (Table 18.)

3) When data available produce table to show trends/changes in vegetative cover esp forest cover (Table 9.)

Derived Maps and TablesMapping Group:

Categorize forestlands into protection and production forestlands based on agreed criteria.

– >50% slope– >1000 masl– natural forests– hazard areas (buffer zone 25-50m)– river easements (40m/20m)– springs (buffer zone 25-50m)– catchments of water sources & springs (water production

area map)– lakes, caves, waterfalls (buffer zone 25-50m)– rocky and naturally unproductive areas

PROTECTION vs PRODUCTION MAP

Protection vs Production Map

WATER PRODUCTION AREA (WPA) MAP

Mapping Group:

Based on existing water infrastructure for irrigation (damn, SWIP etc.) delineate catchment area based on watershed map. This catchment areas/Water Production Area (WPA) is serving water to irrigated areas of the said infrastructure.

Water Production Area Map

WATER PRODUCTION AREA (WPA) MAP

Mapping Group:

Current Landuse in Protection vs Production

Table 14.

Mapping Group:

Distribution ofAllocated/Tenured Areas

Mapping Group:

Current Landuse in Open Access Areas (allocated for LGU management)

Table 18.

Mapping Group:

Trends in loss of forest cover other FFL assets*

Identify trends/changes in vegetative cover(a) Prepare resource change map by overlaying resource

map in two time periods change can be calculated by barangay;

(b) Key informant interviews and FGDs could be used also to give indications of trends/ changes.

*when available

Mapping Group:

Trends in loss of forest cover other FFL assets

Vegetative cover change per barangay (ha)

Brgy1 Brgy2 Total

FFL Assets 1987 2003 loss/gain 1987 2003 loss/

gain 1987 2003 loss/ gain

Forest cover total

- Upland

- Mangroves

Forest cover in water production catchments

Grasslands & brushlands

Cultivated lands

- in forestlands

- in A&D lands

Other FFL assets(no vegetation))

*Include those that available

Table 9.

Mapping Group:

Community Profile• Population, growth rates, density• Household size• Migration• Income and sources• Major crops and livestock raised• Housing materials• Fuelwood sources• Wood based industries • Tenure status• Etc.

Profiling Group:

Community ProfileFinalize table on “minimum community profile”

Profiling Group:

Barangays(a)

Total Area in ha.

(b)

Population

Density in ha/ person(e = b/d)

Annual growth rate in %

f = {{(d-c)/c}/no of years}100

2000(c)

2007(d)

Aglipay 24,084 21,774 25,069 0.96 2.1

Cabarroguis 18,220 25,814 28,024 0.65 1.23

Diffun 30,618 39,485 42,958 0.71 1.26

Maddela 65,232 32,198 33,637 1.94 0.64

Nagtipunan 160,740 17,027 20,443 7.86 2.87

Saguday 6,824 12,217 13,479 0.50 1.47

TOTAL 305,718 150,515 163,610 1.86 1.24

Population Growth Simple CalculationPopulation Growth Simple Calculation

Community ProfileProfiling Group:

Finalize table on “minimum community profile”

Community Profile

2. Complete summary table of FGD discussion

QNO Information Barangay 1 Further comments/ % when applicable1 Sitio/Purok with FL 2.1. Location of remaining forest2.1. Current condition of forest2.2. 20 years ago2.2. 10 years ago2.2. 5 years ago2.2. Reasons for decrease/increase2.3. Main timber species2.4. NTFP2.5. Widlife2.6. Flora 3.1. Location of plantation forest3.2. History of who, when, what was planted3.3. Current condition reasons for decrease/increase3.4. Current management, tenure, plans, utilization 4.1. Location and names of rivers and creek4.2. Location and names of springs

Profiling Group:


1. Identify institutions and other stakeholders involved in the management of FFL by virtue of their mandates and interests in FFL

2. Identify their past and current activities in FFM, their resources (organizational units, personnel, and budgets), FFM skills

3. Assess if there are conflicts among stakeholders and if there are mechanisms for stakeholders collaboration in FFM.

Profiling Group:

institutions/ Stakeholders

Mandate/ interests

FFM units/ Staff/ man-power

Funds/ Annual Budget on FFM

Past/ current FFM activities

FFM Skills

Policies/ Plans related to FFM

Remarks (any conflict w/ other stakeholders

DENR

PLGUs

MLGU

BLGU

POs

NGOs

others

Institutional ProfileTable 19.

Profiling Group:

PROTECTION&

PRODUCTIONSituational Analysis

Total land area

A & D lands Mineral landsProtected areas/

National parks Forestlands

Protection forests Production forests

WPAs

Tree plantations Grazing Agroforestry Other uses

SPZ MUZ

Agriculture

Constitution

NIPAS, DAO 2008-26 & EO 318

DAO 95-15EO 23

DAO 95-15

Settlement

Conservation areas LEVEL OF FLUP

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National Policies Related to Allocation of Forestlands

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Constitutional Provision . . .

• Art. XII, Section 3. Lands of the public domain are classified into agricultural, forest or timber, mineral lands and national parks. Agricultural lands of the public domain may be further classified by law according to the uses to which they may be devoted. Alienable lands of the public domain shall be limited to agricultural lands.

• SEC. 5. Established and Extent of the System---The establishment and operationalization of the System shall involve the following:

• Areas or islands in the Philippines proclaimed, designated or set aside, pursuant to a law, presidential decree, presidential proclamation or executive order as national park, game refuge, bird and wildlife sanctuary, wilderness area, strict nature reserve, fish sanctuary, natural and historical landmark, protected and managed landscape/seascape as well as identified virgin forests before the effectivity of this Act are hereby designated as initial components of the System.

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NIPAS

35

DAO 2008-26 . . .

Section 10.3. Each protected area shall be divided into two management zones:

strict protection zone and multiple use zone consistent with its designated category.

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E.O. 318 . . .

• State forestlands shall be identified, classified and delineated/ demarcated on the ground and shall constitute the permanent forest estate, unless otherwise stipulated by Congress. The same shall be categorized and managed either as primarily for production or as primarily for protection purposes

37

DAO 15-S.95 Sect 3. Definition of Terms

• Protection Forest- forestlands outside NIPAS obtained essentially for their beneficial influence on soil and water in particular and the environment in general. These are areas above 50% in slope and more than 1,000 meters specified width bordering rivers, streams, shoreline and reservoir, and steep, rocky areas and other naturally unproductive lands.

• Production Forest - forestlands tended primarily for the production of timer. These areas below 50% slope and less than 1,000 meters in elevation. This includes natural and man-made forests.

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PD 1067 (1976) . . .

• Art. 51. The banks or rivers and streams and the shores of the seas and lakes throughout their entire length and within a zone of three (3) meters in urban areas, twenty (20) meters in agricultural areas and forty (40) meters in forest areas, along their margins, are subject to the easement of public use in the interest of recreation, navigation, flotage, fishing and salvage. No person shall be allowed to stay in this zone longer than what is necessary for recreation, navigation, flotage, fishing or salvage or to build structures of any kind.

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E.O. 23

• Section 2. Moratorium on the cutting and harvesting of timber in the natural forests. A moratorium on the cutting and harvesting of timber in natural and residual forests of the entire country is hereby declared unless lifted after the effectivity of this Executive Order

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R.A. 8435 (AFMA (1997)

• SEC. 12. Protection of Watershed Areas. - All watersheds that are sources of water for existing and potential irrigable areas and recharge areas of major aquifers identified by the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Environment and Natural resources shall be preserved as such at all times.

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DAO 15 Series of 1995 . . .

• Sec. 4 Sub - Classification Categories -subclassification shall be carried out within the inalienable lands of the public domain classified as forestlands, mineral lands and national park under Article XII, Section 3 of the new Constitution of the Philippines:

• FORESTLANDS:• a. Agricultural• b. Industrial or Commercial• c. Residential• d. Resettlement• e. Ancestral lands• f. Grazing• g. Protection• h. Production• i. Agro-forest• j. Fishfarm/ fishponds

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Forestlands. . .

The criteria for protection is derived from national laws and policies and complemented with local policies if any for example:

– >50% slope– >1000 masl– natural forests– hazard areas (buffer zone)– river easements (40m/20m)– springs (buffer zone)– lakes, caves, waterfalls (buffer zone)– rocky and naturally unproductive areas– catchments of water sources/springs (water

production area map)

Criteria:

Protection vs. Production MapProtection vs. Production map is one of the main results of FLUP

– The map shows the spatial location of “controls” defined by national and local policies

– All tenure/allocation holders within forestland must follow these controls, also called “non negotiables”, and these must be included in the Resource Management Plans

– The “controls” defined in the FLUP form rules for “protection” within forestland

Protection vs. Production Map• There are different reasons for “protection”

– BIODIVERSITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION (BE) controls for this for example: natural forest and mangrove, habitat of endangered species, elevation over 1,000 asl, unique environmental features caves, lakes, waterfalls etc.

– WATER PRODUCTION (WP) controls for this for example: buffer defined for all springs, water production area (see next slide) etc.

– HAZARD PREVENTION controls for this for example: slopes over 50%, river easement, buffer for existing hazard areas, high risk areas etc.

Appropriate management of these areas depends on what is being “protected”

Water Production Area Map

Sufficient water production for irrigation, potable water and other uses (such as power generation) is one of the key economical interests of LGU in forestland management

– Based on R.A. 8435: Water Production Area Map is drawn to identify key water production areas of the LGU

– The existing and planned water infrastructure can be included as basis to identify Water Production Area (WPA)

– WPA Map is considered in the analysis together with the Protection vs. Production map to identify priority watersheds for economical development of LGU particularly for sufficient and improved water production

STEP 2.Situational

AnalysisGuiding Questions

Map Overlays

• Overlay Protection vs Production Map with other themes as indicated

• Consider Trends when information is available• Support analysis with results from the

Community Profile/FGD to explain Issues/Threats and Opportunities in each

Water Production (Chapter 2.1.1.)•Where are water sources? How are these managed?•What is the landuse of catchment areas? Extent of unsustainable practises on catchment areas?•What are the issues/conflicts in management?

Biophysical Features and Assets

(watershed/drainage map, springs-micro catchment areas, settlement map, land use map, FFL assets tables, FGD summary)

Natural Forests and Biodiversity (Chapter 2.1.1.)

•Where are forest areas? Is deforestation a threat in the LGUs forestland? What are the reasons? Forest based livelihoods? What are its implications?

– look at trends in cultivated areas in forestlands; number of wood based industries and furniture makers, use of firewood and wood for construction

•Where are important biodiversity areas? How current land use practises, population impacts these? What are the issues/conflicts in management?

(forest cover map, trends, land use map, settlement map, infrastructure/road map, FFL assets tables, FGD summary)


Other Environmental Assets (caves, falls, lakes) (Chapter 2.1.1.)

• Where are other environmental assets located? How are these managed? What are threats to these areas?- Accessibility- Vandalism- Wastes and pollution

(springs-lakes-falls-caves map, land use map, infrastructure/road map, FFL assets tables, FGD summary)


Landuse

Landuse in Forestland (Chapter 2.1.2.)

What is the current vegetative cover/landuse in forestland? How well this responds to “protection” and “production” zones? Where and what are the main issues? (land use map, settlement map, watershed map)

Landuse of production areas(Chapter 2.1.2.)

•Where are important production forest/agro-forestry/agriculture areas? Where are areas that are underutilised (brush lands/grasslands)? What are the issues/conflicts in management?

- Pests- Fire- Declining local interests in plantations- Infertile soil- Competing land uses- Inaccessibility- Low product prices, etc.

(land use map, settlement map, infrastructure/road map, FGD summary)

Landuse

Other uses (Chapter 2.1.2.)

•Where are other areas that forestland resources are being utilised (settlements, mining, quarry, agro-industry etc.) What are the issues/conflicts in management?

(land use map, mining map, infrastructure map, FGD summary)

Landuse

Hazard Areas (Chapter 2.1.3.)

•Have there been natural calamities in past ten years? •Where are the hazardous areas located? How are these linked to land use practises? How are the upstream practises affecting downstream communities? •How many people live in hazardous areas (steep slopes, flood prone areas)? How many people are in immediate danger?

(hazard map, land use map, settlement map, watershed map, FGD summary)

Hazards

PopulationForestland occupants (Chapter 2.1.4.)

•How many people depend on forestland resources? Who are they? What are their practices? What income sources they depend on? How has their income changed during the past years? What is estimated no of hh are located in forestland?•Are social and infrastructure services reaching forestland areas supporting or preventing development? Where are the main issues? •Do they have tenure or rights for utilizing and benefiting from land and resources? If they have what are their capacities in managing these areas?

(land use map, infrastructure map, community profile, tenure map, institutional profile, FGD summary)

Allocation/Tenure(Chapter 2.1.4.)

Tenured•Where are tenured/allocated areas (protection vs production)? What are the agreed plans for management of these areas? Are tenured areas managed as agreed? If not what prevents/supports sustainable management?

Open Access•Where are open access areas located (protection vs production)? What are the current land uses on these areas? Are there settlements in these areas?

Tenured and Open Access•Where are the main areas of conflicts on boundary (municipal and barangay level), claims, tenure rights, absentee claimants/tenants, migration? How these are handled?

Other stakeholders•How interests of other forestland stakeholders (non forestland occupants such as LGU, DENR, absentee claimants, business, populations downstream) are met in the current management/land use? How these interests could be used to improve management/productivity? How these could prevent future interventions?

(land use map, community profile, tenure map, institutional profile, FGD summary)

Past interventions•What was the impact of past projects/programmes? Who funded these? Why were these successful/not successful?

Stakeholders and Financing(Chapter 2.1.4.)

Summary Threats and Opportunities1. Issues/problems/ concerns

– Declining natural forests?– Degraded watersheds/ water production areas?– Inadequate protection of biodiversity resources?– Declining wood resources?– Destruction of nature tourism assets?– Low productivity? Underutilized areas?– Inadequate institutional arrangements and capacity?

2. Opportunities for improved forest management– Potential areas for plantations– Potential for increased agricultural productivity (water production, technologies)– Eco-tourism potential– Interested investors and available external support– Markets– Potentials for financing: PES– LGU support

Allocation of Forestland

Open Access areas 1. have not been allocated for a certain use or

tenure arrangement. 2. tenured or allocated but “abandoned” or not

managed in accordance with agreed management plans

The FLUP aims to bring these areas under proper management. The areas without official allocation can be allocated/tenured.

Rationale for Land allocation• The resource managers can provide effective

and responsible on-site management.

• The allocation to on site managers will provide the ultimate enforcement mechanism as they exercise their rights and privileges over the forest and forestlands assigned to them.

Main Allocation Instruments in Negros OrientalNEGROS ORIENTAL Total hectares

Forestland 281,390 Protected Area 12,127

CBFMA 25,800 IFMA 3,000 CSC 9,200

Tamlang Valley Development

23,000

Co-Management 74,222Untenured 134,031

Decision on Allocation

Since different types of tenure instruments have varied purposes and uses, first it is necessary to consider if areas to be allocated are mainly under production or protection areas.

Allocation of forestland

1. Allocation to communities– Community-based forest Management

Agreement (CBFMA)– Certificate of Ancestral Domain Titles (CADT)– Protected Area Community-Based Resource

Management Agreement (PACBRMA)

1. Allocation to Communities

2. Allocation to Investors– Integrated forest Management Agreement (IFMA)– Socialized Industrial Forest Management Agreement

(SIFMA)– Special Land Use Permit– Small Scale Mining (permit)– Foreshore Lease– Fishpond Lease


2. Allocation to Investors

3. Allocation to Local Government Units (LGUs)– Communal Forest– Community Watershed Areas– Co-Management Agreements– Special Land Use Permit


3. Allocation to LGU

4. Allocation to address needs for public good– Declaration of watershed reservations,

biodiversity reserves, other protected areas

5. Allocation to other Government Agencies– Academic Research Agreement(ARA)– Land Grant (e.g. UP Los Banos (UPLB), granted

jurisdiction over the Mt. Makiling Forest Reserve.– Special programs of DENR to other

Government Agencies and private entities/also possible under CMA

Allocation of forest land

4. Allocation to address needs for Public Good

5. Allocation to Other Government Agencies

Types of allocation instruments

Protected areas Protection forestlands Production forestlands

Allocation to other government agencies Special programs and agreements with

universities and other government agencies

Grants to government corporations

Civil/ Military reservations

Academic research agreement

Decision on AllocationSTEPS FOR ALLOCATION1.define critical allocation decision areas in forest lands and indicate their location in maps2.examine the decision areas, describe the problem, identify and evaluate options and make recommendations (the discussions and agreed recommendations are to be documented!) 3.evaluate the preliminary land allocation based on environmental, legal, equity, economic and political considerations4.validate, refine and finalize the recommended allocations, along with the map

Decision on AllocationAllocation Step Discussion Decision

1. Existing Tenure. For example:1. CBFMA (name of PO) 200 has2. CBFMA (name of PO) 140 has3. IFMA X (name) 890 has

Locate in map, clarify if tenure instrument is still valid? Is boundary clear? What are the capacities of tenure holders to manage area? Are tenure holders also claimants of the area?

No action/need assessment/need further clarification (if yes include this action in strategic plan)

2. Already planned developments in open access. For example:1.Plantations-NGP/donor X has.2.Other planned developments (hydropower, ecotourism, settlement site etc.)

Locate in map. What is appropriate tenure to cover these developments? Should these be covered with expansion of existing tenure? Or is there need to apply for new tenure?

Propose appropriate tenure to all planned developments

3. Open accessAll other remaining area

Locate in map. What is appropriate tenure to cover these? What is current land use? Where are “protection areas”? Where are hh? Who claims the area? Who is willing to develop the area?

Propose appropriate tenure to cover all open access

EXAMPLE

STEP

For tenured but unmanaged forest lands, for example, some of the questions that should be discussed are:

– What is the existing tenure, who is the current tenure holder, when is existing tenure instrument expiring?

– Why is the area considered “unmanaged”– What are options to put the area under effective management? – What are advantages and disadvantages of each option?– What measures should be taken to ensure effective area

management?

Decision on Allocation

EXAMPLE

THANK YOU

Module 3. Situational Analysis_July16

Documents

Transcript of Module 3. Situational Analysis_July16