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Module 2.2

The dangers of computer crime

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Module 2.2

The dangers of computer crime

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Introduction

Techniques and tools used to commit computer

crimes

Categories of computer crime

Protecting yourself against cybercrime

Test and improve your knowledge

Content

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Computer crime can be seen in two ways –

where a computer system is the target of the crime (e.g. ‘hacking’) and where computer technology is used to enable or commit the crime.

Introduction

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Any attempt to manipulate or ‘con’ someone intogiving out information such as a password or account number which can be used to impersonate them.

Social engineering

Malware Software specifically designed to install itself without the user’s knowledge and to affect or harm a computer system . This includes viruses and spyware.

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Techniques and tools used to commit computer crimes

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It refers to attempts from people to con the user into giving out personal and confidential details such as PIN numbers and passwords, etc. by posing as a legitimate organisation, usually via e‑mail.

Phishing

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E‑mail spoofing is the forgery of an e‑mail header so that the e‑mail appears to be from a different origin (or person).

Spoofing

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A computer worm is malware that is able to distribute itself over a network, normally via e‑mail, without a person having run an infected program.

Computer worm

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Written to disrupt the normal functioning of a person’s computer without their knowledge or consent. Used to turn your computer into a ‘bot’ to spread malware or

to create security loopholes for other programs to exploit.

Computer virus

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Tries to monitor and track the way you use your computer. It then sends this information to third parties without your consent or knowledge.

Spyware

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Records your keystrokes as you type and can possibly even record the movements of your mouse and take screenshots of what is displayed on your screen.

Keylogger

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Type of malware which is a destructive program disguised as a useful application.

Trojan

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When a computer is ‘hacked’ so that when the user types in a ‘valid’ URL in their browser they are taken to another website, which is often a replica.

Pharming

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A computer that has been compromised (or infected) and can be controlled remotely when it is on and connected to the Internet.

Bots

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Software that downloads onto your computer and bombards your computer with adverts that pop‑up whenever you are connected to the Internet.

Adware

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Categories of computer crime

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Harassment

Cyberstalking

Spam

Uploading unauthorised pictures on the Web

Cyberbullying

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Cyber attacks

business

cyber attacks

website cyber attacks

cyberterrorism

denial of

service attacks

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Computers and theft Bandwidth

Identity

Processing time and power

Money

Copyrighted material

Data/Intellectual property

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The criminal either has to:obtain essential information,

such as a user name and password, in order to access a secure system

get physical access to a computer so that data can be downloaded directly onto portable media.

How is the theft carried out?

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Protecting yourself against cybercrime

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Assume nothingBelieve no one Check everything

A ‘paranoid ABC’

A B

C

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Software you need to help protect your computer

Anti-virus software

Computer programs that scan computer files for viruses and eliminate them.

update it regularly

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Software you need to help protect your computer

Firewall software

Software that allows you to control which programs can access the Internet and

protects your computer or network from unauthorised access.

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Software you need to help protect your computer

Anti-spyware software

Anti-spyware software detects spyware that has been installed on a computer.

update it regularly

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Be careful when installing ‘free’ software .

Have good password policies.Stay informed.

Precautions to take

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Don’t give out personal information.

Don’t click on links in pop‑ups.Don’t open attachments or programs unless you are sure of what they are.

Don’t be gullible.

What NOT to do

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Test and improve your knowledge

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Written module activity