MODULE 2 From waste to resources - OECD.org - OECD · SPC SPC -- Completed ProjectsCompleted...

Conference on Resource Efficiency

MODULE 2From waste to

resources

From Waste to Resources:Packaging in the United States

Sara HartwellSara HartwellU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyU.S. Environmental Protection Agency

April 24, 2008April 24, 2008

Packaging is the largest component of Packaging is the largest component of MSW in the US MSW in the US –– almost 32% of MSWalmost 32% of MSW

General MSW recovery rate is about General MSW recovery rate is about 32.5%32.5%

Recovery of packaging materials from Recovery of packaging materials from MSW is about 40%MSW is about 40%

150

200

250

300

6

8

10

Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Generation Trends 1960Generation Trends 1960--20062006

ratio

n (m

illio

n to

ns)

ratio

n (lb

s/pe

rson

/day

)

0

50

100

150

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

2

4

Total Waste generation Per capita generation

MSW Characterization 2006

Tota

l Was

te G

ener

a

Per

Cap

ita G

ener

a

Municipal Solid WasteMunicipal Solid Waste251 Million Tons251 Million Tons

Other 3.3%

Food Scraps 12.4%

Yard Trimmings 12.9 %

Wood 5.5%

Rubber, leather,

Paper and paperboard 33.9%

Glass 5.3% Metals 7.6%

Plastics 11.7%

leather, and textiles 7.3%


Packaging Waste Generated Packaging Waste Generated In MSW 1960 In MSW 1960 –– 20062006

43.652.7

64.576.0 76.7 79.6

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

(In millions of tons)(In millions of tons)

27.4

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2006Total Containers & Pkg


% of Packaging Waste Recycled % of Packaging Waste Recycled from MSW 1960 from MSW 1960 –– 20062006

26%

38%40% 40%

25%

30%

35%

40%

10% 8%

16%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2006Total Containers & Pkg


Packaging Composition 1960Packaging Composition 1960(27.4 million tons generated)(27.4 million tons generated)

22.6%0.4%0.4%7.3%

Glass Packaging

Steel Packaging

Aluminum

51.6%17.0%

0.6%

AluminumPackagingPaper &Paperboard PkgPlastics Packaging

Wood

Other



15.8%

10.6%

0.1%14.6%

3.8%2.7%

Glass Packaging

Steel Packaging

Aluminum

52.3%

10.6%3.8%2.7%

AluminumPackagingPaper &Paperboard PkgPlastics Packaging

Wood

Other



14.3%

3.5%

2.4%17.9%

10.7% 0.5%Glass Packaging

Steel Packaging

AluminumPackagingPaper & Paperboard

2.4%

50.8%

17.9% Paper & PaperboardPkgPlastics Packaging

Wood

Other


Source Reduction and Recycling of Source Reduction and Recycling of Packaging Materials:Packaging Materials:

Conserves energyConserves energy• Reducing the demand for raw material• Reducing energy inputs to manufacturing• Reducing energy inputs to manufacturing

Reduces Greenhouse Gas (GHG) EmissionsReduces Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions•• from landfillsfrom landfills•• from energy consumption from energy consumption •• from nonfrom non--process energy GHGsprocess energy GHGs

Benefits of Recycling Packaging Benefits of Recycling Packaging Materials in the US (2006):Materials in the US (2006):Mass of materials:Mass of materials:

AluminumAluminum 0.69 million tons0.69 million tonsSteelSteel 1.74 million tons1.74 million tonsGlassGlass 2.88 million tons2.88 million tonsPaperPaper 23.86 million tons23.86 million tonsPlasticsPlastics 1.51 million tons1.51 million tons


Benefits of Recycling Packaging Benefits of Recycling Packaging Materials in the US (2006):Materials in the US (2006):Greenhouse Gas emissions avoided:Greenhouse Gas emissions avoided:

~ 108 million metric tons of CO2e~ 108 million metric tons of CO2eAluminumAluminum 9.4 million MTCO2e9.4 million MTCO2eAluminumAluminum 9.4 million MTCO2e9.4 million MTCO2eSteelSteel 3.2 million MTCO2e3.2 million MTCO2eGlassGlass 0.9 million MTCO2e0.9 million MTCO2ePaperPaper 93 million MTCO2e93 million MTCO2ePlastics Plastics 2.3 million MTCO2e2.3 million MTCO2e

http://epa.gov/climatechange/wycd/waste/calculators/Warm_home.htmlhttp://epa.gov/climatechange/wycd/waste/calculators/Warm_home.html

Benefits of Recycling Packaging Benefits of Recycling Packaging Materials in the US (2006):Materials in the US (2006):

Avoiding emissions of 108 million metric Avoiding emissions of 108 million metric tons of CO2e is the equivalent of tons of CO2e is the equivalent of preserving almost 890,000 acres of forest preserving almost 890,000 acres of forest from deforestationfrom deforestationfrom deforestationfrom deforestation

http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energyhttp://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy--resources/calculator.htmlresources/calculator.html


Energy Saved: >0.8 quadrillion BTUsEnergy Saved: >0.8 quadrillion BTUsAluminumAluminum 143 trillion BTUs143 trillion BTUsSteelSteel 36 trillion BTUs36 trillion BTUsGlassGlass 8 trillion BTUs8 trillion BTUsGlassGlass 8 trillion BTUs8 trillion BTUsPaperPaper 553 trillion BTUs553 trillion BTUsPlasticsPlastics 80 trillion BTUs80 trillion BTUs



0.8 quadrillion BTUs is the energy 0.8 quadrillion BTUs is the energy equivalent of over 141 million barrels of oil equivalent of over 141 million barrels of oil


Could All of the Discarded Packaging Could All of the Discarded Packaging Materials Have Been Recovered?Materials Have Been Recovered?

No…. But a lot of packaging materials that were No…. But a lot of packaging materials that were discarded could have been recovered discarded could have been recovered

What are we doing to improve recovery What are we doing to improve recovery of packaging materials?of packaging materials?

US EPA is working with US industry to increase US EPA is working with US industry to increase source reduction and recovery of packaging source reduction and recovery of packaging materialsmaterials

We know the package needs toWe know the package needs to::Protect the productProtect the productProvide a conduit for informationProvide a conduit for informationProvide some “theater”Provide some “theater”

We believe designers should:We believe designers should:We believe designers should:We believe designers should:Choose materials wiselyChoose materials wiselyUse only the material that is neededUse only the material that is neededDesign packages that can be recovered at endDesign packages that can be recovered at end--ofof--lifelife

What is the US EPA doing?What is the US EPA doing?

We are working withWe are working withThe Sustainable Packaging CoalitionThe Sustainable Packaging CoalitionWalWal--Mart’s Packaging Sustainable Value Mart’s Packaging Sustainable Value NetworkNetworkNetworkNetworkOther RetailersOther RetailersConsumer Packaged Goods companiesConsumer Packaged Goods companiesManufacturers of Packaging and Packaging Manufacturers of Packaging and Packaging MaterialsMaterialsTrade AssociationsTrade Associations

Sustainable Packaging Coalition

industry working group inspired by cradle to cradle principlesdedicated to transforming packaging i t t th tinto a system that encourages economic prosperity and a sustainable flow of materials

http://www.sustainablepackaging.org/

SPC has grown from 9 founding members to over SPC has grown from 9 founding members to over 170 member organizations. 170 member organizations. SPC membership ranges from large global SPC membership ranges from large global corporations to small businesses.corporations to small businesses.Members include:Members include:Alcoa Mattel, IncBASF McCormick & Company, Inc.Clorox Company McDonald'sCoca-Cola MicrosoftColgate-Palmolive Co. NikeColgate Palmolive Co. NikeDannon Company PepsiCo/Frito LayDuPont Company Procter & GambleEstee Lauder S.C. Johnson & SonExxonMobil Chemical Co. Starbucks Coffee CompanyGeorgia-Pacific Corporation TargetGreen Mountain Coffee Roasters Tetra PakHuhtamaki Kraft FoodsJohnson and Johnson UnileverClemson University Department of Packaging ScienceMcDonough Braungart Design Chemistry (MBDC)Michigan State University School of Packaging

SPC SPC -- Completed ProjectsCompleted Projects

Case StudiesCase StudiesOrigins/AvedaOrigins/AvedaCrown Holdings, IncCrown Holdings, IncMichelman, IncMichelman, IncSmartCycleSmartCycleStarbucksStarbucks

Design GuidelinesDesign Guidelinesprovides a framework to approach sustainable packaging provides a framework to approach sustainable packaging designdesignoutlines various design strategies and reference outlines various design strategies and reference materialsmaterials

Definition of Sustainable PackagingDefinition of Sustainable Packaging

SPC SPC -- Definition of Sustainable PackagingDefinition of Sustainable Packaging

Is beneficial, safe & healthy for individuals and communities Is beneficial, safe & healthy for individuals and communities throughout its life cycle; throughout its life cycle;

Meets market criteria for performance and cost; Meets market criteria for performance and cost; Is sourced, manufactured, transported, and recycled using Is sourced, manufactured, transported, and recycled using renewable energy; renewable energy; Maximizes the use of renewable or recycled source Maximizes the use of renewable or recycled source materials;materials;materials; materials; Is manufactured using clean production technologies and Is manufactured using clean production technologies and best practices; best practices; Is made from materials healthy in all probable end of life Is made from materials healthy in all probable end of life scenarios; scenarios; Is physically designed to optimize materials and energy; Is physically designed to optimize materials and energy; Is effectively recovered and utilized in biological and/or Is effectively recovered and utilized in biological and/or industrial cradle to cradle cycles.industrial cradle to cradle cycles.

SPC SPC -- Current ProjectsCurrent ProjectsPackaging Design ToolPackaging Design Tool

Life cycle based tool to assess the environmental impact of packaging Life cycle based tool to assess the environmental impact of packaging designsdesigns

Sustainable Packaging Curriculum Sustainable Packaging Curriculum 1½ day introduction to sustainable packaging 1½ day introduction to sustainable packaging

Sustainable Metrics Project Sustainable Metrics Project co e set of pe fo mance indicato s and met ics fo meas ingco e set of pe fo mance indicato s and met ics fo meas ingcore set of performance indicators and metrics for measuring core set of performance indicators and metrics for measuring the sustainability of packaging and packaging systemsthe sustainability of packaging and packaging systems

Packaging Design Library Packaging Design Library OnOn--line, educational resource for packaging designers, line, educational resource for packaging designers, manufacturers, engineers and studentsmanufacturers, engineers and students

Environmental Technical BriefsEnvironmental Technical Briefsgeneral information on the environmental impacts related to general information on the environmental impacts related to the production, use and end of life of packaging materialsthe production, use and end of life of packaging materials

To create zero wasteTo be supplied 100% by renewable energy

To sell products that sustain our resources

Wal-Mart’s Environmental Goals

25% reduction in solid waste in 3 yearsAll private brand packaging improved in 2 years

by renewable energy

Existing stores 25% more efficient in 7 years; new stores 30% more efficient in 4 yearsTrucks 25% more efficient in 3 years; 50% in 10 years

sustain our resources & environment

20% supply base aligned in 3 years

Commitment to 5% Reduction in Packaging

Wal-Mart’s Packaging Scorecard

Tool to quantify packaging Tool to quantify packaging sustainabilitysustainabilityIntended to drive innovationIntended to drive innovationSoftware accessible onSoftware accessible on--line: input line: input package information, scored in package information, scored in realreal--timetimeAvailable to WalAvailable to Wal--Mart’s direct Mart’s direct suppliers suppliers

Super Sandwich BaleShrink & Stretch Wrap / Bags/ Hangers / Office Paper / PET Bottles / Aluminum Cans / Paperback Books / Automotive

Oil Bottles

SummarySummary

Packaging presents a significant Packaging presents a significant opportunity for resource efficiency opportunity for resource efficiency through:through:

-- Source reductionSource reduction-- Source reductionSource reduction-- Material selectionMaterial selection-- Design for recoveryDesign for recovery-- Efficient recovery strategies Efficient recovery strategies

Sara Willis HartwellSara Willis HartwellUS EPAUS EPA

[email protected]@epa.gov703703--308308--72857285703703--308308--72857285

Conference on Resource Efficiency

MODULE 2From waste to

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MODULE 2 From waste to resources - OECD.org - OECD · SPC SPC -- Completed ProjectsCompleted...

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