Module 2 Body Structure. Smallest to largest structures Location of structures Position of...
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Transcript of Module 2 Body Structure. Smallest to largest structures Location of structures Position of...
![Page 1: Module 2 Body Structure. Smallest to largest structures Location of structures Position of structures in reference to each other How we visualize structures.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062713/56649cc45503460f9498d8c9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Health Science 1101
Medical Terminology
Module 2Body Structure
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Body Structure
Smallest to largest structures
Location of structures
Position of structures in reference to each other
How we visualize structures
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Levels of Organization
• Chemical• Atomic• Molecular
• Cellular
• Tissue
• Organ
• System
• Organism
Nucleus nucle/o
Cell cyt/o
Tissue hist/o
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Location of StructuresBody Cavities
Dorsal
-Cranial
-Vertebral
Ventral
-Thoracic
-Abdominopelvic
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Body Cavity/Structure Terms
spin/o
thorac/o
abdomin/o
crani/o
dorso/o
cervic/o
chondr/o
Medical Terminology Simplified, 4th edition
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Quadrants of the Abdominopelvic Cavity
Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)
Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)
Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)
Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)
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The 9 Abdominopelvic RegionsGastr/o
Ili/o
Inguin/o
Lumb/o
Umbilic/o
Pelv/i
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Body Planes
Sagittal
-midsagittal
Frontal (coronal)
Transverse (horizontal)
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Body Position
Anatomical Position
Serves as a reference point for location and position of body parts
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Positions
Superior 2 Inferior
Medial 2 Lateral
Proximal 2 Distal
Anterior 2 Posterior
Ventral 2 Dorsal
Cephal/o 2 Caud/o
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Position TermsAnterior (Anter/o) Posterior
(Poster/o)
Dorsal (Dors/o) Ventral (Ventr/o)
Lateral (Later/o) Medial (Medi/o)
Caudal (Caud/o) Cephalic (Cephal/o)
Inferior (Infer/o) Superior (Superi/o)
Distal (Dist/o) Proximal (Proxim/o)
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Body Movements
Flexion
Extension
Pronation
Supination
Abduction
Adduction
http://tle.westone.wa.gov.au/content/file/969144ed-0d3b-fa04-2e88-8b23de2a630c/1/human_bio_science_3b.zip/content/003_musculo_skeletal_support/page_11.htm
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Visualizing Structures AKA: Imaging Techniques
Scan: Technique for carefully studying an area, organ or system by recording and displaying multiple images of the area.
Ultrasonography (US): Imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves, ultrasound, that bounce off body tissues and are recorded to produce an image of an organ or tissue.
Radiography: Production of captured shadow images on photographic film through the action of ionizing radiation passing through the body from an external source.
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More Imaging TechniquesFluoroscopy: Radiographic procedure
that uses a fluorescent screen instead of a photographic plate.
Radiopharmaceutical: Drug that contains a radioactive substance that travels to an area or a specific organ that will be scanned.
Nuclear Scan: Diagnostic technique that produces an image by recording the concentration of a radiopharmaceutical called a radionuclide which is detected by a scanning device.
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Even More Imaging TechniquesTomography: Any technique that
produces a film representing a detailed cross section of tissue structure at a predetermined depth.
Computed Tomography (CT): Radiographic technique that uses a narrow beam of x-rays, rotating in a full arc around the patient to image the body in cross sectional slices.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Radiographic techniques that use electromagnetic energy to produce cross-sectional images of the body at many planes.
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Still More Imaging TechniquesPositron Emission Tomography (PET):
Radiographic technique which combines computed tomography and the use of radiopharmaceuticals (radioactively labeled drugs). Good for disorders like stroke, epilepsy and Alzheimer's.
Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomorgraphy (SPECT): Type of nuclear imaging study to scan organs after an injection of a radioactive tracer. Like PET scan but typically produces 3D images.
Endoscopy: visual examination of interior of organs using a specialized lighted instrument called an endoscope.
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Other Body Structure TermsAdhesion: Band of scar tissue binding
surfaces that are normally separate from each other.
Anastomosis: 1. Connection between two blood vessels or 2. Surgical joining of two ducts, vessels or bowel segments.
Cauterize: Process of burning tissue by thermal heat, electricity, laser, or dry ice.
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More Other Body Structure TermsInflammation: Protective response of body
tissues to infection or allergy.
Signs include:
Sepsis: Inflammatory response to infection characterized by fever, elevated heart and respiratory rate and low blood pressure.
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Chapter 2 PrefixesEpi- : above, on
Hypo- : under, below, deficient
Medi- : middle
Super- : upper, above
Trans- : through, across
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Chapter 2 Suffixes-ac, -al, -ar, -ary, -ous, -iac, -ic, -ior:
Pertaining to
-ad: toward
-logy: the study of
-ologist: specialist in the study of
-lysis: serparation, destruction, loosening
-toxic: poison
-verse: turning
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Chapter 2 AbbreviationsRUQ, RLQ, LUQ, LLQ:
Bx: biopsy
PA: posteroanterior
AP: anteroposterior
Lat
CXR: chest x-ray
U/L, U&L: upper and lower
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Spelling TermsChondromaCytometerHistolysisNuclear
AnteriorCaudadDistalDorsalInferiorLateralMedial
PosteriorProximalSuperiorVentral
MediadHistologistCytologyCytolysisCytotoxic
AbdominalCephaladCervicalCranialGastricIliacInguinalLumbarPelvimeterPelvicSpinalThoracicPeriumbilical