7/29/2019 Module 11 Revival- Architecture of the Americas

1/4

MODULE 11: THE REVIVAL: Architecture of the Americas 18th-19th

PERIODS IN AMERICA

POSTCOLONIAL (1790 to 1820 AD)

NeoClassic elements

FIRST ECLECTIC PHASE (1820 to 1860 AD)

Greekrevival style, also Gothic and Egyptian styles

SECOND ECLECTIC PHASE (1860 to 1930 AD)

1st Stream:

Romanesque and Gothic inspiration Influenced by Arts and Crafts movement in England

HH Richardson, Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright

2nd Stream:

Italian and French Renaissance, ancient Greek and

Roman, late Gothic inspiration

Influenced by the Ecole des BeauxArtes Structural experiment and achievement: metal frame

construction, nonloadbearing curtain wall, elevators Produced the skyscraper America's single greatestcontribution to architecture

TheWhiteHouse,

WashingtonDC

Presidentsofficialresidence

DesignedbyJamesHoban,

Irisharchitect EnglishPalladianstyle

Monticello,near

Charlottesville,Virginia

DesignedbyThomasJefferson,3rdAmericanpresident

Palladianstyle

Robie House, Chicago

Designed by Frank Lloyd

Wright

Winslow House, River

Forest, Illinois (aka Prairie

House)

First important work of

Frank Lloyd Wright

Taliesin East, Spring Green,

Wisconsin

Designed by Frank LloydWright

Unity Temple, Oak Park, Illinois

by Frank Lloyd Wright

TheUnitedStatesCapitol,WashingtonDC

FirstdesignedbyDr.WilliamThorton alongPalladianlines

Numerousmodificationsafterthewar Crowningdome Oneoftheworld'sbestknownbuildings

7/29/2019 Module 11 Revival- Architecture of the Americas

2/4

MODULE 11: THE REVIVAL: Architecture of the Americas 18th-19th

The State Capitol, Richmond, Virginia

Designed by Thomas Jefferson

First neoclassical monument inAmerica, based on Maison Caree,

Nimes

Ionic order

Lincoln Memorial, Washington DC

Designed by Henry Bacon

Greek Doric style

Merchants Exchange, Philadelphia

Designed by William Strickland Greekrevival

The Marshall Field Wholesale Warehouse,

Chicago, Illinois

Designed by HH Richardson

The Auditorium Building, Chicago, Illinois

Designed by Dankmar Adler and Louis Sullivan

NeoByzantine interior

The Reliance Building, Chicago

Designed by Burnham and Root

ARCHITECTURALINFLUENCES: The architecture ofthe UnitedStatesdemonstratesabroadvariety

of architecturalstylesandbuiltformsoverthecountry's history ofover

fourcenturiesofindependenceandformerBritishrule.

ArchitectureintheUnitedStatesisasdiverseasitsmulticulturalsocietyandhasbeenshapedbymanyinternalandexternalfactorsandregionaldistinctions.Asawholeitrepresentsaricheclecticandinnovativetradition

GreekrevivalstyleattractedAmericanarchitectsworkinginthefirsthalfofthe19thcentury.Theyoungnation,freefromBritannic

protection,waspersuadedtobethenew Athens,thatistosay,afoyerfordemocracy.

ThemostnotableUnitedStatesarchitecturalinnovationhasbeentheskyscraper.

Asthecenturyprogressed,theBeauxArtsinfluencewouldbecomesomewhatmorerestrained,returningtoitsmoreNeoclassicalroots.

The Monadnock Building, Chicago

Designed by Daniel Burnham

The Second Leiter Building, Chicago

Metalframed building

The Gace Building, Chicago

Designed by Louis Sullivan and Holabird

and Roche

The Larkin Soap Co. Building, Buffalo, NY Designed by Frank Lloyd Wright

The Woolworth Building, NY

Designed by Cass Gilbert

Gothic style

The Wainwright Building, St.Louis

Designed by Adler and

Sullivan

Empire State Building

Designed by Shreve, Lamb

and Harmon

85 storeys

7/29/2019 Module 11 Revival- Architecture of the Americas

3/4

7/29/2019 Module 11 Revival- Architecture of the Americas

4/4

MODULE 11: THE REVIVAL: Architecture of the Americas 18th-19th

The Entrance Pavilion, Exposition Universelle 1889

Designed by Gustav Eiffel and Maurice Koechlin

Extensive use of iron, 300m high

TheGalerie des

Machines,Exposition

Universelle 1889

By Victor Contamin,

engineer, and CLF Dutert,

architect

ThePalauGuell,Barcelona

DesignedbyAntoni Gaudi SeemstopresageArtNoveau initsforms

Casa Mila, Barcelona

Designed by Antoni Gaudi

Sagrada Familia, Barcelona

ArtNoveau byAntoni Gaudi

ArtNoveau Architects: VictorHorta inBrussels Antoni GaudiinBarcelona Raimondo DAronco inConstantinopleandTurin JosephHoffmaninVienna CharlesRennie MackintoshinGlasgow

ArtNouveau Frenchpronunciation:[a nu'vo] is aninternationalphilosophyand style ofart,architectureand appliedartespeciallythedecorativeartsthatweremostpopularduring18901910.[ Thename"ArtNouveau"is Frenchfor

"newart".Itisknownalsoas"Modernismo"in Spain ,withitsmostnotableexamplesin Catalonia witharchitectslike Gaud.Knownas Jugendstil, pronounced [ juntsl ]inGermany,Germanfor"youthstyle"or"thestyleofyouth",namedafterthemagazine Jugendwhichpromotedit,as Modern ()inRussia,perhapsnamedafterParisiangallery"LaMaisonModerne",as LeSecessione.