Module 1 (Rationale)

The Rationale For STI, HIV and AIDS

Education

Module 1

Philippine National AIDS Council

Session Objectives

▲ Expand understanding of the epidemic situation


▲ Explain the history of STI, HIV and AIDS based on the social, economic, and political context;

▲ Provide information on global and national data on STI, HIV and AIDS; and

At the end of the module, the participants should be able to:

1981 First cases appear

1982Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is used to refer to the disease; First AIDS cases reported in Africa

1984 HIV is isolated

1991 AIDS becomes the No. 1 killer in Africa

History of HIV


1984 First case reported

1998 Enactment of RA 8504

1999 Adoption of Implementing Rules and Regulations drafted by multisectoral members of the PNAC

HIV in the Philippines

1992 Establishment of PNAC


Venereal

Disease

Sexually

Transmitted

Disease

Sexually Transmi

tted Infectio

n

From VD to STI


Link Between STI & HIV

STI &

HIV

Same sexual mode of

transmission

A person with STI easily gets HIV & passes the

virus to another

Same preventive measures

Clinical service entry

point for HIV

education


Top Three Regions with the Highest Number of STI Cases, 1999

Source: http://www.avert.org/std-statistics.htm;World Health Organization, 1999

Region Infected adults (millions)

New infections in 1999

(millions)

South& South East Asia

48 151

Sub Saharan Africa 32 69

Latin America& Caribbean

18.5 38


http://www.avert.org/std-statistics.htm

Number of STI Cases in Reporting Social Hygiene Clinics


Source: NEC-DOH

33 Million PLHIVs

Sub-Saharan Africa*22.0 million

[20.5 – 23.6 million]South & South-

East Asia*4.2 million

[3.5 – 5.3 million]

2008 Global Estimated HIV Cases

Sources:

*Regions with the highest number of actual cases


The Most Affected Population Globally

Over 7,400 individuals were infected daily, as of 2008

Data as of December 2009Source: UNAIDS


The Philippines is one of ONLY seven countries in the world where new cases are rising

At the Crossroads of an Epidemic…


(The others are Bangladesh, Armenia, Georgia, Kazhakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, & Tajikistan)

Epidemic red flags in the Philippines

High percentage of needle sharing among PWIDs

Source of Data: The Filipino Youth 2002 YAFS Data Sheet; UA Briefer at a Glance


Average sexual debut for male and female: 17 and 18 years of age, respectively

Poor knowledge on HIV and AIDS

Low condom use among MARPs

High STI cases

Source: December 2011, National AIDS Registry

Philippine HIV and AIDS Data, 1984-2011


Quick FactsDemographic Data December

2011Jan-Dec 2011 Cumulative Data 1984

—2011*

Total Reported Cases 268 2,349 8,364

Asymptomatic Cases 259 2,255 7,404

AIDS Cases 9 94 960

Males 251 2,193 6,890

Females 17 156 1,463

Youth 15-24yo 83 704 1,918

Children <15yo 0 3 58

Reported Deaths due to AIDS

1 17 341

*Note: No data available on sex for eleven (11) cases.


The National HIV Profile

Source: AMTP V, 2010

As of 2010, the country’s epidemiological profile showed that: more people are infected; those infected are young (median age: 27 yrs.); people infected are those in their most productive years (20-34 yrs. of age); and

more males are infected (mostly thru MSM and bisexual contact).

Doubling Time

Source: 2009 IHBSS Dissemination Forum Powerpoint presentation of Dr. Enrique Tayag


Source: Philippine HIV and AIDS Registry, December 2011

Modes of Transmission


Mode of Transmission Dec. 2011n=268

Jan-Dec 2011n=2,349

Cumulative Datan=8,364

Sexual Contact 238 2230 7646

Heterosexual contact 34 (14%) 388 (17%) 2,876 (38%)

Homosexual contact 117 (49%) 1,036 (46%) 2,888 (38%)

Bisexual contact 87 (37%) 806 (36%) 1,882 (25%)

Blood/Blood Products 0 1 20

Injecting Drug Use 30 110 265

Needle Prick Injury 0 0 3

Mother to Child 0 3 55

No Data Available 0 5 375

Source: Philippine HIV and AIDS Registry December 2011

Proportion of Types of Sexual Transmission


Geographic Distribution



Although most HIV infection cases have turned up in major urban areas nationwide, almost all the provinces in the country’s 17 regions are reporting

HIV cases.

A Note on Geographic Distribution

In summary..


HIV and AIDS peaked globally in 1999 and has been declining in many parts of the world. However, HIV cases are rising in the Philippines as doubling time continues to shorten – to 2 years from 2007 to 2009, and to only a year from 2009 to 2010. That trend continues to this day.

♠ Educating the public on HIV and AIDS is crucial to the effectiveness of the country response.


In summary..

♠ Greater knowledge of the disease will lessen stigma and discrimination that impede efforts to halt its spread. It would also help empower people to pursue behavior change.

Thank You


Module 1 (Rationale)

Documents

Transcript of Module 1 (Rationale)