Module 1: Key concepts in data demand & use. Module 1: Learning objectives Understand the value of...
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Module 1: Key concepts in data demand & use
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Module 1: Learning objectives
Understand
the value of data collection and use in program monitoring and improvement
key concepts in data demand and use
decision-making process
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Why address data demand & use?
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“… without information, things are done arbitrarily and one becomes unsure of whether a policy or program will fail or succeed. If we allow our programs to be guided by empirical facts and data, there will be a noticeable change in the impact of what we do.”
National-level Policymaker, Nigeria
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What are data?
Definition
Data sources
Service delivery statistics
Census
Surveys, evaluations, research studies
Sentinel surveillance
Budget information
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Data Infrastructure
National
Regional
District
Facility Surveys
Evaluations
Census
Surveillance
Routine data Non-routine data
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Why do we collect data?
Track changes in program performance over time
Monitoring
Attribute program outcomes to their causes
Evaluation
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Purposes of monitoring and evaluation
Determine whether a plan or program is on schedule with planned activities
Assess whether a policy, plan, or program has produced desired impacts
Generate knowledge: • Identify factors that influence health outcomes
Inform policy, planning, or program decisions
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M&E is not an enemy
Policymakers, program managers, and
M&E/strategic information specialists can be
partners
Strong decision making and management rely on
high-quality M&E / strategic information
Data quality is linked to data use
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Understand program performance
Strengthen programs and improve services delivered
Advocate for additional resources, policies, and programs
Ensure accountability to civil society
Why are data important to a provider?
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Using data helps providers to…
Improve services Improve services
Ask critical questionsAsk critical questions
Open lines of communicationOpen lines of communication
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data-based decisions
which lead to…
better health programs and
better health outcomes
Monitoring and Evaluation allows….
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Role of the provider in M&E and data use
Ensure timely and quality data
Facilitate facility-level data analysis, interpretation, and display
Identify problems /concerns and develop/suggest solutions to address them
Request feedback from management on decisions made
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Data Quality
Accurate
Complete
Timely
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Monthly summary of child health & nutrition services – October 2010
Child health and nutrition
Children needing follow-up Male Female Total
Marasmus 4 9 13
Kwashiorkor 6 5 10
Anemia 22 17 93
Faltering weight 24 55
Other (specify):___________ 0 1 1
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Monthly summary of child health & nutrition services – October 2010
Child health and nutrition
Children needing follow-up Male Female Total
Marasmus 4 9 13
Kwashiorkor 6 5 20
Anemia 22 17 39
Faltering weight 24 24
Other (specify):___________ 0 1 1
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Data Demand & Use
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Demand for Data
Demand – the value stakeholders place on data, whether or not the data are used
Demand exists if
Specific questions need to be answered and data are sought to answer them
A decision needs to be made and data are sought to inform it
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Data Use
Use refers to the decision-making process
A decision maker uses information if he/she
Is explicitly aware of the decision to be made or question to be answered
Considers relevant information in making the decision, even if the information is outweighed by other factors
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What Are Decisions?
Choices that lead to action
All decisions are informed by questions
All questions should be based on data
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Group participation
What are decisions you make in your daily life?
What are examples of decisions made by others – that affect you in your daily life?
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Decision Areas
Program design
Program management and improvement
Strategic planning
Advocacy and policy development
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Who makes decisions?
Traditional decision makers Program manager, policymaker, funder
Other stakeholders Any person, group, or organization with a
particular interest in a policy or program Providers, implementers, beneficiaries, civil
society
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Role of the provider in decision making Data collection – filling out the forms
Data compilation
Data analysis, interpretation, & reporting
Program monitoring
Problem identification & solution development
Best practice identification
Communication
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What Determines Data Demand & Use?
ORGANIZATIONAL
TECHNICAL
BEHAVIORAL
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Data are often underutilized because of…
Technical determinants
Poor data quality
Insufficient data analysis skills
* Based on PRISM analytical framework (LaFond, Fields et al. 2005 The PRISM: An Analytical Framework for Understanding Performance of Health Information Systems in Developing Countries. MEASURE Evaluation).
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Data are often underutilized because of…
Organizational determinants
Roles and responsibilities are unclear
Inadequate support for data use by management
Behavioral determinants
Staff motivation
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What Determines Data Demand & Use?
ORGANIZATIONAL
TECHNICAL
BEHAVIORALPOLITICS
CULTURE
SOCIETY
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Key Messages
Data are needed to improve the delivery of services
Providers play a critical role in data collection, data
monitoring, problem identification, & solution
development
Decisions based on evidence lead to better health
outcomes
Decision making is affected by three major
determinants
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Group work 1 – Instructions Select a reporter.
Read the case study and answer the following questions (20 min):
What prompted the data use undertaking?
What was the decision taken?
What types of data were used to make the decision?
What was the outcome of the decision?
Report back (5 min per group).