MODULE 00102-09

INTRODUCTION TO CONSTRUCTION MATH

(00102 LESSON 1 of 3)

SLIDE PRESENTATION

MODULE 00102, Part 1

SLIDE 1 Objectives

MODULE 00102, Part 1

When you have completed this module, you will be able to do the following:1. Add, subtract, multiply, and divide whole numbers, with and without a calculator.2. Use a standard ruler, a metric ruler, and a measuring tape to measure.3. Add, subtract, multiply, and divide fractions.4. Add, subtract, multiply, and divide decimals, with and without a calculator.5. Convert decimals to percentages and percentages to decimals.6. Convert fractions to decimals and decimals to fractions.7. Explain what the metric system is and how it is important in the construction trade.8. Recognize and use metric units of length, weight, volume, and temperature.9. Recognize some of the basic shapes used in the construction industry and apply

basic geometry to measure them.

SLIDE 2A

• Construction workers use math for a variety of purposes.• Construction workers use math skills to make measurements, calculate distances

and areas, determine quantities, and order materials. Without basic math skills, you cannot work effectively.

• Play video on Slide 2B.

1.0.0 INTRODUCTION

MODULE 00102, Part 1

MODULE 00102, Part 1

1.0.0 INTRODUCTIONSLIDE 2B

SLIDE 3

• Whole numbers are complete numbers without fractions or decimals.

• A whole number is made up of digits.• Each digit in a whole number has a place value. In

Figure 1, the place value of the 5 is 5 million and the place value of the 4 is 40.

• When you add two or more numbers, the total is called the sum.

• If the sum of the digits in a place is greater than 9, you will have to carry the remainder to the next place and add it to the digit(s) in that place.

• Subtraction means finding the difference between two numbers.

• Like addition, you start with the units column on the right. If you have to subtract a large number from a small number, it is necessary to borrow from the next place to the left.

2.0.0 WHOLE NUMBERS

Figure 1 Place values.

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SLIDE 4

• Multiplication is the quick way to add the same number together many times.• When multiplying numbers up to 12, it is pretty easy to do the math in your head. In

fact, you should memorize the multiplication tables in the range from 1 to 12.• When a problem involves larger numbers, the solution may take several steps.• Division is the opposite of multiplication. When you divide, it is like subtracting a

number several times.• In division, the number you are dividing by is called the divisor, and the number

being divided is called the dividend.• Long division is used to solve division problems involving large numbers.

MODULE 00102, Part 1

2.0.0 WHOLE NUMBERS

SLIDE 5A

Figure 2 Foundation A.

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2.0.0 WHOLE NUMBERS

Figure 3 Foundation B.

SLIDE 5B

Figure 4 Concrete block.

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Figure 5 Roof.

SLIDE 6

Figure 6 Types of measurement tools.

3.0.0 WORKING WITH LENGTH MEASUREMENTS

• Rulers are used on every construction project. Rulers are calibrated in either standard (English) or metric divisions.

MODULE 00102, Part 1

SLIDE 7

Figure 7 Standard ruler showing 1/16” increments.

• A standard ruler is divided into inches and fractions of an inch.

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3.0.0 WORKING WITH LENGTH MEASUREMENTS

SLIDE 8

Figure 8 ⅛”- ruler.

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Figure 9 1/16” ruler.

Figure 10 Distances on a metric ruler.

• Today, the metric system is being used more and more in the United States. Like the English system, the metric system is used to measure weight, length, temperature, and volume.

• Metric ruler increments are divided into centimeters and millimeters. In this base-ten system, each millimeter increment is one-tenth of a centimeter.

• Play video on Slide 9B.

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SLIDE 9A

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SLIDE 9B 3.0.0 WORKING WITH LENGTH MEASUREMENTS

SLIDE 10

Figure 11 Metric ruler study problem.

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SLIDE 11

Figure 12 Measuring tape showing English and metric measurements.

• The measuring tape’s blades show either standard markings, metric markings, or both.

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SLIDE 12

Figure 13 Wall framing markings on a tape measure.

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3.0.0 WORKING WITH LENGTH MEASUREMENTS

• In addition to the standard fractional markings, the standard tape measure may contain additional markings useful in construction, such as markings that make the task of wall framing easier.

SLIDE 13

• The red foot number is another useful feature found on tape measures.

• Be aware that if the metal hook on the end of the tape becomes loose, measurements can be off by as much as 1/16”.

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3.0.0 WORKING WITH LENGTH MEASUREMENTS

Figure 14 Other markings on a standard tape measure.

SLIDE 14

Figure 15 English measuring tape.

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Figure 16 Metric measuring tape.

Figure 17 The architect’s scale.

SLIDE 15

• Other types of rulers, called scales, are used by drafters to produce drawings. • An architect’s scale is often used to create construction drawings. It translates the

large measurements of real structures into smaller measurements for drawings.

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3.0.0 WORKING WITH LENGTH MEASUREMENTS

SLIDE 16

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• Each scale on an architect’s scale is designated to a different fraction of an inch that equals a foot.

Figure 18 Measuring a section of duct with an architect’s scale.

SLIDE 17

Figure 19 Metric architect’s scale.

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• A metric architect’s scale is also available.

• Reading a metric scale is easy once you identify the scale to use and the length that the scale increments represent on the drawing.

SLIDE 18

Figure 20 The engineer’s scale.

• The engineer’s scale is used mainly for land measurements on site plans, which means the scale must accommodate very large measurements.

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SLIDE 19A

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Figure 21 Duct measurement using ⅛ scale. Figure 22 Duct measurement using ¼ scale.

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SLIDE 19B

Figure 23 Meter measurements. Figure 24 Engineer’s scale measurements.

SLIDE 20A

Figure 25 Converting inches to yards.

• Converting measurements in the English system is more complex than converting measurements in the metric system. For example, 1 yard equals 3 feet or 36 inches.

• Play video on Slide 20B.

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SLIDE 20B 3.0.0 WORKING WITH LENGTH MEASUREMENTS

SLIDE 21A

Figure 26 Converting centimeters to meters.

• In the metric system, moving the decimal point completes the conversion. For example, centimeters can be converted to meters by moving the decimal point two places to the left. Sixty centimeters equals 0.60 meters.

• Play video on Slide 21B.

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MODULE 00102, Part 1

SLIDE 21B 3.0.0 WORKING WITH LENGTH MEASUREMENTS

End of Presentation

MODULE 00102, Part 1

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