Modul pembelajaran MCTS Chapter 13
Transcript of Modul pembelajaran MCTS Chapter 13
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MCTS Guide to Configuring
Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Active Directory
Chapter 13: Server Management andMonitoring
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MCTS Windows Server 2008 Active Directory 2
Objectives
2
• Perform Active Directory maintenance tass
• Monitor an Active Directory environment
• Mana!e a Server Core insta""ation
• #se severa" command$"ine too"s to mana!e a
Windows Server 2008 environment
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MCTS Windows Server 2008 Active Directory 3
Windows Server %ac&' and (estore
• Windows Server %ac&' is new in Windows Server 2008
and s&'ersedes )T%ac&'*e+e
• M&st be insta""ed wit, Server Mana!er
• Some feat&res and "imitations - %ac&'s can be r&n man&a""y or sc,ed&"ed wit, Tas Sc,ed&"er
- Se'arate fi"es or fo"ders can.t be baced &'/ yo& can on"y c,oose
w,ic, vo"&mes to bac&'
- Sc,ed&"ed bac&'s re&ire a dedicated fi+ed or removab"e dis as t,e
bac&' destination w,en yo&.re &sin! Windows Server %ac&'
• Se"ect one of t,e fo""owin! o'tions1 - A"ways 'erform f&"" bac&'
- A"ways 'erform incrementa" bac&'
- C&stom
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MCTS Windows Server 2008 Active Directory 4
Windows Server %ac&' and (estore
cont*3
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MCTS Windows Server 2008 Active Directory 5
Creatin! Sc,ed&"ed %ac&'s
• Sc,ed&"ed bac&'s !ive yo& t,e f"e+ibi"ity to r&n a
bac&' at a 'artic&"ar time of t,e day/ once 'er
day/ or m&"ti'"e times 'er day
• %efore &sin! t,e %ac&' Sc,ed&"e Wi4ard/ now1 - W,at do yo& want to bac&'5
- W,en and ,ow often s,o&"d t,e bac&' occ&r5
- W,ere wi"" bac&'s be stored5
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MCTS Windows Server 2008 Active Directory 6
Creatin! Sc,ed&"ed %ac&'s cont*3
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MCTS Windows Server 2008 Active Directory 7
Data (ecovery
• 6o& can recover fi"es and fo"ders/ t,e system state/
Active Directory/ or t,e entire server from a bac&'
• Windows Server %ac&' can recover on"y fi"es/
fo"ders/ and vo"&mes• Command$"ine &ti"ities &sed for more com'"ete
recovery
• To start t,e recovery 'rocess/ c"ic recover in t,e
Actions 'ane of Windows Server %ac&'
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MCTS Windows Server 2008 Active Directory 8
Data (ecovery cont*3
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MCTS Windows Server 2008 Active Directory 9
Data (ecovery cont*3
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MCTS Windows Server 2008 Active Directory 10
%ac&' and (estore from t,e Command
7ine
• Windows Server %ac&' ,as "ess f"e+ibi"ity t,an its
command "ine e&iva"ent &ti"ities
• Wbadmin*e+e can 'erform a"" tass avai"ab"e in
Windows Server %ac&'/ and more1 - Perform a system state bac&'
- (ecover t,e system state
- De"ete a system state bac&'
- (estore or de"ete a bac&' cata"o!• Most tass wit, Wbadmin re&ire yo& to be a
member of t,e %ac&' O'erators or Administrators
!ro&'
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MCTS Windows Server 2008 Active Directory 11
Perform a System (ecovery
• f f&"" recovery is necessary/ yo& need t,e Windows
Server 2008 insta""ation dis or access to Windows
(ecovery 9nvironment Win(93
• Can be insta""ed on a server.s ,ard drive by'ressin! :8 w,en t,e boot 'rocess starts
• Can a"so be accessed from t,e Windows Server
2008 insta""ation D;D
• 6o& can restore a com'"ete bac&' from a "oca" or
removab"e dis or a networ "ocation
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MCTS Windows Server 2008 Active Directory 12
Active Directory %ac&' and (estoration
• Active Directory is baced &' w,en yo& 'erform a f&""
bac&' of a domain contro""er or w,en yo& bac &' t,e
vo"&mes containin! system recovery information
• (estoration can be a&t,oritative or nona&t,oritative
• )ona&t,oritative restore restores t,e Active Directory
database/ or 'ortions of it/ and a""ows it to be &'dated
t,ro&!, re'"ication* (e&ires a restart into Domain Services
(estore Mode DS(M3
• A&t,oritative restore ens&res t,at restored objects aren.toverwritten by c,an!es from ot,er domain contro""ers
t,ro&!, re'"ication
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MCTS Windows Server 2008 Active Directory 13
Active Directory %ac&' and (estoration
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MCTS Windows Server 2008 Active Directory 14
Active Directory Defra!mentation
• Active Directory database re&ires 'eriodic maintenance in
t,e form of defra!mentation and com'action
• On"ine defra!menation occ&rs w,en !arba!e co""ection is
'erformed
• Objects t,at ,ave been de"eted for more t,an <80 days are
removed by !arba!e co""ection
• Object mared for remova" after a 'eriod of time ,as been
=tombstoned>
• On"ine defra!mentation removes de"eted objects b&t doesn.tcom'act t,e database
• Off"ine defra!mentation com'acts t,e database
• Com'action is 'erformed wit, t,e )tds&ti" 'ro!ram
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MCTS Windows Server 2008 Active Directory 15
Active Directory Monitorin!
• Windows Server 2008 'rovides too"s to mana!e
and monitor server o'eration and reso&rces/
inc"&din! t,e fo""owin!1
- 9vent ;iewer - Tas Mana!er
- (e"iabi"ity and Performance Monitor
- Windows Server (eso&rce Mana!er
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MCTS Windows Server 2008 Active Directory 16
9vent ;iewer
• #sed to e+amine event "o! entries !enerated by
system services and a''"ications
• 9vents cate!ori4ed by "eve"s1
- nformation• ndicated by b"&e i in a w,ite circ"e
- Warnin!
• ndicated by a b"ac ! inside a ye""ow trian!"e
- 9rror
• ndicated by a w,ite ! inside a red circ"e
• Se"ectin! an event s,ows more detai"ed
information
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MCTS Windows Server 2008 Active Directory 17
9vent ;iewer cont*3
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MCTS Windows Server 2008 Active Directory 18
Tas Mana!er
• Provides a sim'"e interface for viewin! t,e 'erformance of aWindows com'&ter
• Started by 'ressin! Ctr" ? a"t ? de"ete and t,en c"icin! =TasMana!er>/ by ri!,t$c"icin! t,e tasbar and c"icin! Tas
mana!er/ or by ty'in! Tasm!r into a command 'rom't• Windows Server 2008 adds t,e Services and (eso&rce
Monitor tabs
• S,ows rea"$time !ra',ica" dis'"ay of1 - CP# &ti"i4ation
- Dis &ti"i4ation - )etwor &ti"i4ation
- Memory &ti"i4ation
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MCTS Windows Server 2008 Active Directory 19
Tas Mana!er cont*3
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MCTS Windows Server 2008 Active Directory 20
(e"iabi"ity and Performance Monitor
• Consists of a co""ection of too"s
• Can be o'ened from Administrative too"s fo"der or
t,e Dia!nostics node in Server Mana!er
• Contains t,e fo""owin! fo"ders1 - Monitorin! Too"s
- Data Co""ector sets
- (e'orts
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MCTS Windows Server 2008 Active Directory 21
Performance Monitor
• #ses co&nters to trac 'erformance of a variety of
objects
• A co&nter is a va"&e re'resentin! some as'ect of
an object.s 'erformance• Co&nters e+ist for virt&a""y every ,ardware and OS
com'onent on a server
• Performance monitor can trac co&nters wit, a "ine
!ra',/ ,isto!ram/ or as raw data saved to a re'ort
• Can dis'"ay co&nters in rea" time or from a saved
"o! fi"e
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MCTS Windows Server 2008 Active Directory 22
Performance Monitor cont*3
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MCTS Windows Server 2008 Active Directory 23
Co""ectin! %ase"ine Performance Data
• #sin! rea"$time monitorin! can be diffic&"t since
t,ere is no 'oint of reference/ or base"ine/ for
com'arin! data
• To create a base"ine/ yo& create a data co""ectorset t,at s'ecifies t,e 'erformance co&nters yo&
want to co""ect
• Performance monitorin! &ses system reso&rces
• Monitorin! remote"y can red&ce t,e strain on a
system
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MCTS Windows Server 2008 Active Directory 24
Co""ectin! %ase"ine Performance Data
cont*3
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MCTS Windows Server 2008 Active Directory 25
Data Co""ector Sets
• A data co""ector set can contain a variety of ty'es of
information1 - Performance co&nters
-Co&nter a"erts
- 9vent traces
- System confi!&ration
• Common &se is to create a base"ine
• Predefined data co""ector sets can be r&n as t,eyare or &sed as tem'"ates to create &ser$defined
data co""ector sets
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MCTS Windows Server 2008 Active Directory 26
(e'orts
• (e'orts fo"der contains re'orts !enerated from
data co""ector sets
• #ser Defined s&bfo"der contains re'orts !enerated
by &ser$defined data co""ector sets• System s&bfo"der contains fo"ders for eac, system
data co""ector set
• After a data co""ector set r&ns/ a re'ort is !enerated
a&tomatica""y and '"aced in a fo"der wit, t,e nameof t,e data co""ector set
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MCTS Windows Server 2008 Active Directory 27
(e'orts cont*3
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MCTS Windows Server 2008 Active Directory 28
(e"iabi"ity Monitor
• Tracs system c,an!es and "o!s a variety of ,ardware andsoftware fai"&res
• C,an!es are indicated on a time"ine !ra',
• Can trac ,ow stab"e @ re"iab"e yo&r system ,as been over a
'eriod of time• cons t,at indicate fai"&re/ information/ or warnin! are t,e
same as t,ose in 9vent ;iewer
• (e"iabi"ity monitor tracs five event ty'es1 - Software #n3nsta""
- A''"ication fai"&res
- ardware fai"&res
- Windows fai"&res
- Misce""aneo&s fai"&res
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MCTS Windows Server 2008 Active Directory 29
(e"iabi"ity Monitor cont*3
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MCTS Windows Server 2008 Active Directory 30
Windows System (eso&rce Mana!er
• e"'s yo& mana!e 'rocessor and memory
reso&rce on ,eavi"y &sed systems
• Can fine t&ne reso&rce &se so t,at eac, 'rocess
,as an e&a" s,are of reso&rces• WS(M inc"&des t,e fo""owin! feat&res1
- Preconfi!&red and c&stom 'o"icies
- Po"icies based on ca"endar r&"es
- A&tomatic 'o"icy a''"ication - (eso&rce monitorin! data
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MCTS Windows Server 2008 Active Directory 31
Windows System (eso&rce Mana!er
cont*3
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MCTS Windows Server 2008 Active Directory 32
WS(M Mana!ement Po"icies
• WS(M is desi!ned to be &sed on m&"ti'&r'ose
servers wit, ,i!, CP# &ti"i4ation
• WS(M doesn.t a''"y CP# &se 'o"icies &nti" tota"
&ti"i4ation reac,es B0• Preconfi!&red WS(M 'o"icies1
- 9&a"PerProcess
- 9&a"Per#ser
- 9&a"PerSA''Poo" - 9&a"PerSession
• Can &se c&stom 'o"icies as we""
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MCTS Windows Server 2008 Active Directory 33
Ana"y4in! Active Directory Performance
• To ens&re AD 'erformance/ monitor 'erformance
indicators s&c, as1 - AD DS
- D)S
- (e'"ication
- Active Directory Stora!e
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MCTS Windows Server 2008 Active Directory 34
Monitorin! Active Directory (e'"ication
• (e'"ication of Active Directory is critica" to t,e
o'eration of a Windows Server 2008 domain
• T,ree too"s can be &sed to monitor as'ects of
Active Directory re'"ication1 - (e'admin
- (e'"mon
- Dcdia!
• (e'"ication and AD ,ea"t, s,o&"d be verified'roactive"y
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MCTS Windows Server 2008 Active Directory 35
Mana!in! Server Core
• Administration of a Server Core insta""ation is done
'rimari"y from t,e command "ine
• Server Core is idea" for virt&a"i4ed insta""s
• Some as'ects of Server Core can be mana!edremote"y &s&a""y MMC3
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MCTS Windows Server 2008 Active Directory 36
Common Server Core Confi!&ration Tass
• Tass t,at mi!,t need to be 'erformed1 - Activatin! Windows Server 2008
• S"m!r*vbs -ato
- C,an!in! t,e administrator 'assword
• =net &ser administrator E> - 7ist insta""ed feat&res and ro"es
• Oc"ist
- nsta"" new server ro"es and feat&res• Ocset&'
- Foin a domain• )etdom join computername @domain1domainname
• nsta""ation of AD DS re&ires dc'romo to be r&n in&nattended mode
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MCTS Windows Server 2008 Active Directory 37
Common Server Core Confi!&ration Tass
cont*3
• Dc'romo switc,es1 - @re'"icaOr)ewDomain
- @re'"icaDomainD)S)ame
- @ConfirmGC
- @nsta""D)S
- @#ser)ame
- @Password
- @(ebootOnS&ccess
- @SafeModeAdminPassword
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MCTS Windows Server 2008 Active Directory 38
Mana!in! Server Core (emote"y
• Some sna'$ins re&ire no additiona" confi!&ration
• Ot,er sna'$ins re&ire reconfi!&ration of vario&sfirewa"" settin!s before yo& can connect
• To a""ow remote mana!ement of Server Core fromany MMC/ ty'e t,e fo""owin!1 - )ets, advfirewa"" firewa"" set r&"e !ro&'H=(emote
Administration> new enab"eHyes
• Sna'$ins t,at may re&ire additiona" confi!&ration1 - Dis mana!ement
- Device mana!er
- PSec Mana!ement
- Windows :irewa"" wit, Advanced Sec&rity
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MCTS Windows Server 2008 Active Directory 39
Additiona" Server and Active Directory Too"s
• Additiona" too"s for mana!in! a Windows Server 2008environment1 - %cdedit - Dsac"s - Dsdb&ti"
- Dsm!mt - Dfs&ti" - Dnscmd - cac"s - Servermana!ercmd - Winrs
• Many more additiona" commands e+ist/ for a more com'"etereference/ visit t,e Microsoft Down"oad Web sitewww*microsoft*com@down"oads3 and searc, on =WindowsCommand (eference>
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MCTS Windows Server 2008 Active Directory 40
C,a'ter S&mmary
• Active Directory maintenance invo"ves bac&' and restore oft,e server and t,e Active Directory database as we"" asoff"ine maintenance tass
• Windows Server %ac&' enab"es yo& to bac &' entire
servers/ vo"&mes/ and t,e system state• T,e Active Directory database becomes fra!mented over
time* To ens&re 'erformance/ &se on"ine defra!mentationand off"ine defra!mentation
• :o&r too"s are common"y &sed to monitor and fine$t&ne t,e
'erformance and re"iabi"ity of Active Directory and t,e server19vent ;iewer/ Tas Mana!er/ (e"iabi"ity and PerformanceMonitor/ and Windows Server (eso&rce Mana!er
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MCTS Wi d S 2008 A ti Di t 41
C,a'ter S&mmary cont*3
• Tas Mana!er and (eso&rce Monitor 'rovide a rea"$time
"oo at ey 'erformance indicators/ s&c, as CP#/ dis/
networ/ and memory &ti"i4ation
• (e"iabi"ity Monitor tracs severa" different system fai"&res
and inc"&des a n&meric indicator of yo&r server.s re"iabi"ity• Server Core ,as a minima" &ser interface and is idea" for
branc, office servers and for virt&a"i4in! servers 'erformin!
'artic&"ar ro"es
• &ndreds of command$"ine too"s are avai"ab"e to mana!e a""as'ects of a Windows Server 2008 environment