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Modul ke:

Fakultas

Program Studi

ArticlesArticles seem so easy, but it is extremely difcult to teach."A," "An," and "The" are all articles. t is easy to ex!lain the dierence

bet#een them, but it is difcult to ex!lain #hen they are used.

"A" and "An" ha$e the same meaning. They are both inde%nite articles.

 They are only dierent de!ending on #hat #ord or sound is &ollo#ing.

'ere is a brie& ex!lanation.

Komarudin, MA06PsikologiPsikologi

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Articles

 The ( articles in )nglish are a, an and the. The learner has to decide

noun*by*noun #hich one o& the articles to use+. n &act, there are choices to make, because sometimes no article is necessary. -ati$e*s!eakers, o& course, use the articles correctly #ithout thinking. )nglishlearners, on the other hand, need to ha$e some guidelines &or makingthe right choice * !articularly those learners #hose o#n language doesnot ha$e articles, such as a!anese or /orean. The guidelines that &ollo#

here should hel! )S0 students to a basic understanding o& )nglisharticle use.

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Remember, using a or an depends on thesound that begins the next word. So...

• a 9 singular noun beginning #ith a consonant: a boy; a car; a bike; a zoo; a dog

• an 9 singular noun beginning #ith a $o#el: an elephant; an egg; anapple; an idiot; an orphan

• a 9 singular noun beginning #ith a consonant sound: a user  soundslike 4yoo*8er,4 i.e. begins #ith a consonant 4y4 sound, so 4a4 is used;7 auniversity 7 a unicycle

• an 9 nouns starting #ith silent "h": an hour  • a 9 nouns starting #ith a !ronounced "h": a horse 

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Defnite Article: the

 The de%nite article is used be&ore singular and !lural nouns #hen thenoun is s!eci%c or !articular. The signals that the noun is de%nite,that it re&ers to a !articular member o& a grou!. For exam!le:

• "The dog that bit me ran a#ay." 'ere, #e4re talking about a specifc dog, the dog that bit me.

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Count and Noncount Nouns

 The can be used #ith noncount nouns, or the article can be omittedentirely.

• " lo$e to sail o$er the #ater" some s!eci%c body o& #ater; or "lo$e to sail o$er #ater" any #ater;.

• "'e s!illed the milk all o$er the

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eographical use o! the

 There are some s!eci%c rules &or using the #ith geogra!hical nouns.>o not use the be&ore:

• names o& most countries=territories: Italy, Mexico, Bolivia7 ho#e$er,the -etherlands, the >ominican ?e!ublic, the Phili!!ines, the @nited States

• names o& cities, to#ns, or states: Seoul, Manitoba, Miami

• names o& streets: Washington Blvd, Main St

• names o& lakes and bays: !ake "iticaca, !ake #rie exce!t #ith agrou! o& lakes like the $reat !akes

• names o& mountains: Mount #verest, Mount %u&i exce!t #ith rangeso& mountains like the 'ndes or the (ockies or unusual names like

the Matterhorn• names o& continents Asia, )uro!e;

• names o& islands )aster sland, Maui, /ey 3est; exce!t #ith islandchains like the Aleutians, the 'ebrides, or the 2anary slands

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)xercises:

)xercises:

1. ********* ugly T shirt

5. ********** hamster

(. ********** )nglish book

. ***********s#eater

B. *********** game boy

C. *********** hamburger

D. *********** )nglish name

E. *********** dog

. *********** &older

1G.*********** !en

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 Terima /asih/omarudin, MA