1. Technical PresentationMCPL 15/11/98ECONOMICALLY & ECOLOGICALLY IMPROVED PEROXIDE BLEACHMODHERA CHEMICALS PVT. LTD., offers MODSCOUR-BL as a product which is well tried and tested in hydrogenperoxide bleaching. The most distinguished properties of this product lie in that it enables various functions to beperformed in one bath and also allow the fundamental needs of the consumers for more environmental compatibility. It isbio-degradable to high degree. Besides preventing redeposition of impurities the product offers good stability against acids(important for acid extraction) and alkalies, excellent wetting and re-wetting properties, inhibition of iron and stabilisingaction for peroxide.MODSCOUR-BL is suited for all types of machinery (continues and discontinuous) and guarantees minimal fibre damage,while achieving a high degree of whiteness at the same time. The user will benefit in quality from the universal means ofapplying this hitech MCPL product, and will also have savings in time, water and energy.Advantages: Only one product now needed for peroxide bleaching Optimum degree of whiteness Reduced use of chemicals possible Excellent d.p. values Very good re-wetability Suitable for all types of machines and processes Stable to acids, alkali, electrolytes and temperatures upto 135C Energy saving due to shortened processes Complete dispensation of silicate BiodegradableScope of Applications:Bleach bath stabilisationDemineralisation bleaching by one bath / two step processThree in one product- Wetting / scouring- Dispersing- Stabilisation

2. Profile of MODSCOUR-BL Good BiodegradibilitySequestration of Ca, Mg at Stable to alkali, acids,the presence of high amountelectrolytes.of alkaliSequestration of iron &Stable to temperatures uptoother heavy metal ions in135Chot strongly alkaline liquors MODSCOUR-BLDispersing power of Ca,Support of surface activeMg & heavy metal componet during extractionhydroxides processes.Acid extraction & peroxideEasily dosablebleaching in one bath Stabilisation by complete dispensation of silicate 3. MODSCOUR-BL : Manganese, Iron, Copper binding capacity at 98C.400mg metal ions / g300 productpH 7200 pH 9pH 111000manganeseironcopper Metal IonsStabilisation with MODSCOUR-BL in relation to magnesium content 100908070Residual H2O2, (%)60Mod scour- BL50Perostab -BLNSilicate40302010 0 Additio n o f M agn esium C hlo rid e [d H] 4. Dependance of Stabilisation on the Magnesium content of the Bath9080Residual PeroxideFinal Stabilisation7060 in %50403020Modscour- BL10 0Waterglass 2dH4dH 8dH12dH16dH20dH32dH48dH64dH80dHAddition of Magnesium Chloride [dH] BLEACHING OF TOWELLINGMachine : Thies Roto StreamMaterial: 100% cottonLiquor ratio: 1 : 10 5. Bleaching recipe:1~1.5 g/l: MODSCOUR-BL2 g/l: NaOH Flakes5~5.5 m/l: H2O2 50%Water hardness : 8 Gh = 10Eh(If only deionized water is available add 0.3 g/l MgCl2 . 6H2O) 95C 60 min.95C2.5C/min.80C25CDrain Pretreatment of Dyeing - CheeseProduction Steps1. Demineralization / Bleaching (Semi White)2. Vat Dyeing3. Reactive dyeingProblematicRepeatly unlevelness on light Vat and Reactive shades occurred in the past in so far as the package inside was lighter thanoutside. Analyses of the yarn led to the result that deposits of mineral hydroxides caused a blockage of the liquor flow.The followimg Pre-treatment process solved the problem. 6. 1. Pre-Bleach Process Machine:Open Thied package bleaching unit, circulation in one Direction, Inside Outside Material :300 kgs. cotton cheese, Nm 19/1. Liquor ratio :1 : 101.1First Step Deminerlization 2 g/l:MODSCOUR-BL 5 g/l:ALTRANOL-OL / MODFOR-R-610 1 ml/l acetic acid 60% :pH 4~6 20 min, at 40C1.2Second Step (same bath) Bleaching 1.2 ml.lNaOH 50% 2 ml/lH2O2 35%40 min. 95C95C40CDrain - Overflow Rise at 70C, 15 min. - Rise at 70C, 8 min. Addition of 1 g/l MODSCOUR-BL pH after Rinsing 72. Vat Dyeing (on different machine, closed apparatus with alternating circulation) 7. 2.1 Pigmentation1 g/lMODQUEST-FSN1 g/lMODLEVELLER-VL0.25% Pigment (Fine dispersion)0.061% Pigment (Colloidal)5 m/lNaOH-10 min. at 80C2.2 Vatting3~3.5 g/l Sodium hydrosulphite- 20 min. at 80C- 30 min. at 60C2.3 Rinsing and Oxidation2.4 Soaping1~1.5 g/l MODLEVELLER-VL1~1.5 g/l MODQUEST-WS- 15 min. at 96C2.5 Acidification0.5 ml/lAcetic acid 60%- 10 min. at 40C2.6 Rinsing at 40C, and cold2.7 Softening2.8 Pressure drying3.Reactive Dyeing3.1 Pre-Bleach, same as for Vats3.2 Dye Process 8. % shade required Reactive dye 1~1.5 g/lMODQUEST-FSN 50 g/l Glaubers salt 20 g/l Soda ash50C 30 min.50C60 min. 50C25C 25CSoda ashDrainMODQUEST-FSNDyestuffSalt3.2Rinsing - 5 min. at 25C - 5 min. at 25C - 5 min. at 25C, addition of 0.4 ml/l Acetic acid 60%3.4Washing-off - 10 min. at 98C addition of 1~2 g/l MODQUEST-FSN3.5Rinsing - 5 min. at 40C3.6After treatment 0.5 ml/lAcetic acid 60% 2%ECOFIX-2F - 10 min. at 40C3.7Pressure drying Bleaching of viscose with MODSCOUR-BL on MCS continuous machine 9. Method:Desizing (Enzymatic) Hydrozen Peroxide treatmentMachine : MCS continuous machine- About 1000 running meters in the machine- Speed : 35 m/min.- Liquor ratio : 1:4- Fabric: Viscose/Cosa about 10.000 running metersRecipe: Desizing : - MODSCOUR-BL :0.2~0.5 g/l- Enzyme:As per recommendation- pH:As per recommendation- Retention time : 12 hBLEACHING:Starting recipe - MODSCOUR-BL1 g/l- NaOH 50% 1 g/l- H2O2 50% 4 g/lIf only soft water is available add 0.6 g/l MgCl2, otherwise add only 0.2 g/l MgCl2. Feed liquor conc. - Machinery : see sketch next pageA) 12 g/l Enzymes } 4 g/l MODSCOUR-BL } pH=6 }500 ltr.B) 20 g/lNaOH 50% } Stock solutions3 g/l MODSCOUR-BL } Dosage: 80 ltr./hr.C) 40 g/lH2O2 50% }4 g/l MODSCOUR-BL }3 g/l MgCl2 } 10. Classical ProcedureIndicative formulation with MODSCOUR-BL4 g/l Washing agent 10 12 g/l MODSCOUR-BL1 g/l Phosphonate0.2 g/l Magnesium Chloride6 g/l Wetting agent 15 g/l NaOH 100%6 g/l Stabiliser50 g/l H2O2 35%25 g/l NaOH 50%40 g/lH2O2 50%---------------------------------------------- Retention 18 24 h -------------------------------------------Squeezing effect 75%Squeezing effect 75%ImpregnationRetentionWashing COLD PAD-BATCH 11. LABORATORY TESTS Degree of whitenessDegree of polymeri- Rewettability Whiteness (Berger) zation (repeateddeterminations)Grey fabric63.9 329 20 sec.MCPL Bleaching 70.8 227 Spontaneous PRE-TREATMENT COMBINED ALKALI TREATMENT +OXIDATIVE DESIZING AND BLEACHINGMachinery (see sketch next page)1. Grey fabric (A-frame)2. Singeing3.Alkali treatment + oxidative deszing Padding liquor: Caustic soda35 g/l Na-persulphate 5 g/l Altranol-CD/Modscour-LF2 g/l Temperature 90-95C Pick-up 80%4. Dwelling 4 hours5. Washing-off, 4 comparments at90C counter current, 1 compartment cold rinse6. Impregnation compartment Starting concentration: Hydrogenperoxide 50%40 ml/l Caustic soda flakes28 g/l MODSCOUR-BL 10 g/l Magnesium chloride.6H2O0.2 g/l7. U-Box Reaction Unit Temp. of steam101C Steaming time 20 min8. Washing-off compartments, Temp. 80-90C9. Drying cylinders 12. CONTINUOUS PRE-TREATMENT, 2 STEP PROCESSa) Alkali treatment + Oxidative desizingb) Bleaching ------>1 2 3 4 567 89 13. Information about the process run1.MaterialCotton weave, 440 g per running meterWarp, sized with a blend of Corn starch Polyvinyl alcohol Polyacrylate Wax2.Previous process1st Step: Enzymatic desizing, dwelling process2nd Step: a) Washing-off decomposed starchb) Alkali-Pad Steam3rd Step: Peroxide-Pad steam3.Process1st Step:Combined alkali + oxidative treatment, dwelling process2nd Step:a) Washing-off solubilized impurities and decomposedstarch b) Peroxide-Pad steam3.1 Advantages of the oxidative desizing in the alkali step - Maximum swelling of cellulose, breaking up of husks, saponification of waxes and grease. - Persulphate decomposes starch as well as polyvinyl alcohol - Alkali solubilizes polyacrylate - Shorter dwell time (4 hours) as compared to enzymatic desizing Remarks :Padding at 90C, covering of batching roller with foilTemperature is kept due to exothermic reactions:Starch +Persulphate exothermic >Polyvinylalcohol +Persulphate exothermic >3.2 Calculation of feed liquor concentrationF1 = 60% (Entry mangle)F2 = 90% (Exit mangle)2d= 30%90= 90= factor 3F2 F1 90-60 14. 4. ResultsDegree ofDamage factorDegree of WhitenessPolymerization by EisenhutElrepho FilterGrey fabric1820 48.9%Treated fabric (withoutMercerization) 15500.29 70%No optical brightening5. Evaluation and actions The reduction of polymerization degree of 15% and a damage factor of 0.29 are satisfactory results. Bearing in mind that the former practised enzymatic desizing resulted in an incomplete removal of the size the oxidative method is a good alternative.Pad-steam (U-box) continuous oxidative desizing and bleachingProcess-stepsA: 3 Compartments prescouring 90-95C Recipe 1 Addition into compartment No. 3, with overflow in compartment No. 2 and No.1 0.5 ~ 1g/lALTRANOL-CD/MODSCOUR-LF 1 g/l MODQUEST-FSN Wash-off, overflow compartment No. 4B: Combined akali treatment and oxidative desizing Recipe 2 Starting concentration: 4 g/l Na-persulfate 0.5~1 g/l ALTRANOL-CD / MODSCOUR-LF 25 g/lNaOH flakes Concentration of feed liquor: 4 times 15. C: Steaming 2 times 15 min/102C U-Box-SteamerD: Recipe 3 3Compartments at 80-95C overflow rinse 1Compartment cold overflow rinseE: Peroxide bleaching Recipe 4 Starting concentration 8 g/l MODSCOUR-BL 20 g/lNaOH flakes 40 g/lH2O2 50% 0.3 g/l MgCl2.6H2O (necessary if water hardness is below 8Gh or 10Eh) Concentration of feed liquor : 4 timesF: Steaming 15 min/102C U-Box-steamerG: Recipe 5 4 Compartments hot rinse overflow (counter current if possible)H: Cylinder-dryer 16. Fabric x y Na2S2O8NaOHSingeing extinguish4 x wash-offimpregnation bath U-Box-Steamer50-60 sec. total 4 times conc. of2 times 15 min/102C feed liquorModscour-BLfabric z { H2O2fabricNaOHImpregnation bath,4 x wash-off4 times conc. ofU-Box-Steamer50-60 sec. total feed liquor 15 min/102Cfabric |4 x wash-off50-60 sec. total cylinder dryerSee recipe 1-5 Continuous-pretreatment- plant 17. BLEACHING BY PAD-STEAM METHODMETHOD:HSingeing HDesizing (Enzymatic) HHydrogen Peroxide treatment(Pad steam)MACHINE : KSTERS Combi-Steamer (with Flexnip System)STEAM TEMPERATURE : 102CSTEAMING TIME : 25 min.SPEED : 100 m/min.MATERIAL: 100% Cotton (household linen 120 g/m2)RECIPE:H DESIZING:Enzyme As per recommendation Allendet-NI/Altranol-OL 2 g/l pH As per recommendation Retention time As per recommendationH WASHING :90C, 95C, 95 (3 Compartments)H BLEACHING :- Pick-up 100% - Water hardness 15 (french hardness)(=8 German hardness) That means magnesium chloride is not necessary. - Steaming time 25 min. at 102CRecipesCOMPETITORSH 30 ml/l NaOH 36 BH 70 ml/l H2O2 35% (= 46 ml/l H2O2 50%)H8 g/l StabilizerH6 g/l Wetting agentH4 g/l Sequestering agentH1 g/l Defoamer 18. MODHERA CHEMICALS PVT. LTD.H50 m//lNaOH 36BH50 ml/lH2O2 35%H10 g/l MODSCOUR-BLHWASHING95C, 90C, 60C, 50C (4 Compartments) RESULTSDP S Degree ofWater (STNwhitenessabsorbency 2.075/84)Grey Fabric188335 /Competitor 1879071.1 SpontaneousMCPL recipe1917071.2 SpontaneousS= Damage factor 19. Bleaching by pad steam methodMethod: Desizing (enzymatic) Pad roll, combined alkali /Hydrogen peroxide treatment Pad steamMachine : Babcock combi steamerSteam temp. : 100CSteaming time : 15 minutesSpeed : 50 m/min.Material: 100% cotton, plain weave, 216 g/mRecipe (starting concentration) H2O2 50% 40.0 ml/l NaOH 50% 16.0 ml/l (24.5 g/l) MODSCOUR-BL10.0 g/l Water : 8 German hardness=10 English hardness. If only deionized water is available add 0.3 g/l MgCl2.6H2O.Calculation of feed liquor concentration F1 = 65% (Entry machine) F2 = 95% (Exit mangle) d2 = 30%959595-65 = 95-65= 3.2 factorResult-Desizing = very good(assessment by TEGEWA Violet = standard: note 9)-Water absorbency = Penetration 3 sec.Spreading:Warp35 mm Weft 31 mm-Whiteness= good-Seed removal = complete-DP decrease= 6%-Damage factor= very good, undamaged (Damage factor Eisenhut: 0.04) 20. Degree of polymerisation:In continental Europe fluidity is not normally used as an expression of chemical damage but a measure of the degree ofpolymerization (DP). It is obtained from the viscosity using a modified Staudinger equation. The development of theseequations and their use is given by O. Deschler (textile-Praxis 1958, 13, p 927)Typical values for DP are:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Fibre DP----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Natural fibres; cotton, flax, ramine2300-3000Acceptably bleached cotton1800-2000Regenerated cellulose polynosic 1000-1200Viscose250- 400The relationship between DP and fluidity (F) for cotton is given by the equation:DP = 2032 [log10 74.35 + F ]- 573 FAnd this is shown graphically on pageDamage factor:The damage factor (S), suggested by O. Eisenhut (Melliand Textilber. 1941,22, p 424) relates damage to the change in DPand so takes into account high initial DPs. S=log10 (2000 _ 2000 + 1)log102PtxPtxPt = DP before chemical treatmentPtx = DP after chemical treatment 2000 =reference valueThe damage factor has been categorized to indicate the degree of damage.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8 factorcomment----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------0.01 0.2very good undamaged0.21 0.3good very carefully bleached0.31 0.5satisfactory0.5 0.75slightly damaged0.75badly damaged---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21. PEROXIDE BLEACHING - DISCONTINUOUSPackage Yarn (Hanks) Jigger Jet WinchLiquor ratio 1:8 - 1:10 1:15 1:3 1:61:8 - 1:101:20Temperature98 9898 98Duration (min)30-45 60 60 30-45 30-45Magnesium chloride (g/l) water 0.2-0.3 0.2-0.30.2-0.30.2-0.3 0.2-0.3hardness 8-12 dHMODSCOUR-BL (g/l)0.8-1.5 0.8-1.2 3-5 1.2-1.5 0.4-0.8ALTRANOL-CD0.5 ---- ---- --------Caustic soda flakes (g/l) 1.5-3 1.5-24-51.5-3 1-1.5Hydrogen peroxide 35 weight-% (ml/l) 4-8 4-6 10-15 6-8 2-4 PEROXIDE BLEACHING : COLD PAD-BATCH Pick-up 100% Dwell time (h)16-24 Magnesium chloride (g/l) water hardness 8-12 dh 0.2-0.3 MODSCOUR-BL (g/l) 4-6 Caustic soda flakes (g/l) 15-20 Hydrogen peroxide 35 weight-% (ml/l)40-60PEROXIDE BLEACHING : PAD STEAM Combination U-Box Pad-RollSteam temperature (C) 100 97-99 85-90Dwell time (min.)7-2020-50 60-120Magnesium chloride (g/l) water0.2-0.3 0.2-0.3 0.2-0.3hardness 8-12 dHMODSCOUR-BL (g/l)4-8 8-108-10Caustic soda flakes (g/l)202020Hydrogen peroxide 35 weight-% (ml/l) 60-40 4040Pick-up : 100%The above technical presentation proves MODSCOUR-BL as ECONOMICALLY & ECOLOGICALLY improvedperoxide bleach