Modes of

ReproductionReproduction - the biological process by which new “offspring” are produced from

their “parents”

All species goal in life is to survive and reproduce to carry on their species

and their genes.

AsexualReproduction

Asexual – The offspring is the product of one parent (no

male/female) and will inherit all of the parent's characteristics-through a copy of its DNA- the offspring is a

CLONE of the parent

Advantage: can make lots of copies very quickly

Disadvantage: no genetic variation- so no new traits will evolve

Asexual: Binary FissionBinary Fission

The organism reproduces by duplicating its own genetic information, then splitting into two different organisms.

Amoeba

1 becomes 2, then 4, then 8, then 16, 32,64,128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048, 4096, 8192,Exponential population growth!

Asexual: SPoresSpores

a series of tiny circles, or spores, that contain a copy of the organism's genetic

information(DNA) -which fall off, or detach, and if it lands in the right conditions-- a new

organism will grow

Fern Fungi-mushroom Moss

Asexual Repro: BuddingBudding

organism reproduces a “bud” -or grows a new organism on its base or side- and it breaks

away into a new organism

Hydra going through buddingprocess

Onion going through budding process- we call them bulbs

Sexual – The offspring is the product of two parents-

one male & one female- and will inherit a mixture of

the parent's characteristics- through

combining DNAAdvantage: offspring

receives genetic diversityDisadvantage: takes longer

SexualReproduction

Types of Sexual Reproduction

Pollination – The transfer of pollen from the male part of a plant to the female part of a plant that results into a formation of a seed.

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/nature/pollination-game.html

Sexual- External FertilizationExternal Fertilization – The transfer of male genetic

information to the female, where the egg is outside the female body.

Male and Female never meetFemale lays eggs (spawns)- goes away—Male

swims by and fertilizes eggs and swims away- eggs hatch alone

Sexual-Internal FertilizationInternal Fertilization – The transfer of male genetic information to the female, where the egg is inside the

female body.Male & Female mate- involves entire process

of attracting largest & strongest mate

Modes of ReproductionModes of Reproduction

AsexualNo male/female

Offspring is a clone or genetic copy of parent

SexualMale and Female mix DNA/genetic material

Offspring has genetic diversity- a mix of parents DNA

Binary Fission

Organsim makes a

copy of itself-splits in 2

Ex) Bacteria & Archea

BuddingOrganism grows offspring out of its

sideEx)Sponges, tulip,

daffodill,caladiums, garlic

PollinationOrganism invites pollinator

to spread pollen(male-anther)

to the female part (pistil) of a matching flower & makes seed (embryo)

Ex) Fruit trees, orchids

External Fertilization

Male fertilizes female's eggs outside her body Male & Female never meet each other, nor

their offspringEx)Fish

InternalFertilizationMale fertilizes

female'seggs inside her bodyEx)Lizards, Turtles,

Frogs, Birds

SporesOrganism makes

Tiny circles that fall off

& hold their DNAEx)ferns,

mushrooms,dandelions