MODERNISM & ANXIETY

U4/Ch. 24AP European History

UHS – Ms. Tully

A. The Emergence of the New Physics Challenge to

Newton’s “World Machine”

Marie Curie (1867-1934)

Max Planck (1858-1947)

Albert Einstein (1879-1955)

B. Modern Philosophy and the Irrational Friedrich

Nietzsche (1844-1900)

Henri Bergson (1859-1941)

Georges Sorel (1847-1922)

C. Freudian Psychology Pre-Freudian

psychology = reason, rationality

Human behavior is basically irrational Development of psychoanalysis

Id, Ego, Superego International

popularity by 1910

D. Social Darwinism Herbert Spencer

(1820-1903) Survival of the fittest

Racism & Nationalism

Volkish thought in Germany

E. Attack on Christianity New challenges

industrialization & urbanization

Anticlericalism Science chief

threat Pope Pius IX &

the Syllabus of Errors

Socialism & Christianity

F. Modern Literature Naturalism

Emile Zola (1840-1902)

Russian Literature Tolstoy, Dostoevsky

Symbolism

G. Modern Painting Impressionism Manet, Monet,

Renoir, Pissarro, Degas

Claude MonetImpressionism, Sunrise1872

Camille PissarroBoulevard Monmarte1897

Edgar DegasStage Rehearsal1879

Post-Impressionism/Expressionism Cezanne, van Gogh, Gauguin, Munch

Edvard MunchThe Scream1893

Paul GauguinDay of the Gods1894

Vincent van GoghVase with 12 Sunflowers1888

Cubism/Abstract Art Picasso, Kandinsky, Klimt

Pablo PicassoLes Demoiselles d’Avignon1907

Wassily KandinskyComposition VII1913

Gustav KlimtThe Kiss1908

Art Nouveau Gaudi, Mucha

H. Avant-Garde Art & Anxiety Avant-Garde

rejection against accepted cultural forms

Revolt of the Young Increased neurotic

disorders Increased

alcoholism & drug use

Fascination with the occult