Modern World History: Chapter 1
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Transcript of Modern World History: Chapter 1
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Turn to pg. 36 and, in your notes, record what you observe in the painting
ART HISTORY
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What can you infer about the setti ng of the painting?
What details in the painting give you an idea of the role of religion in the society?
ART HISTORY
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CHAPTER 1:EUROPEAN RENAISSANCE AND REFORMATION
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Secti on 1
ITALY: BIRTHPLACE OF THE RENAISSANCE
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• The Italian Renaissance was a rebirth of learning that produced many great works of art and literature
Main Idea
• Renaissance art and literature still influence modern though and modern art
Why It Matters Now
• Renaissance• Humanism• Secular• Patron• Perspective• Vernacular
Terms & Names to Know
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BACKGROUND INFO.
The Late Middle Ages…
= war, plague, and DEATH
Questi on the insti tuti ons that caused the war (ahem…the church) and want to celebrate life
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Renaissance 1300-1600Explosion of creativity
in art, writing, and thought
“rebirth” Meant to bring back the
past, but led to the creation of new art and ideas
Spreads from Northern Italy into the rest of Europe
ITALY’S ADVANTAGE
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1. City-states Urban Able to share ideas Plague hits in 1300
60% of population dies
Supply & Demand: those left can demand higher wages
Economic change, wealthy merchant middle class develops and has time and money to spend on art
WHY ITALY?, #1
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Merchant Class Merchant class in small
cities were able to participate in politics
Earned rank by “wits” Belief in individual
achievement
The Medicis Florence’s ruling family,
bankers Cosimo de Medici (30
years) Lorenzo de Medici
WHY ITALY?, #2
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Classical Heritage Snobs about medieval art Inspiration from Roman
ruins Studied Latin manuscriptsGreek manuscripts enter
Rome in 1493
WHY ITALY?, #3
Compare this example of Medieval Art to the painting on pg. 36
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COMPREHENSION CHECK
What three advantages fostered the
Renaissance in Italy?
Thriving cities
A wealthy merchant
class The heritage of Greece and Rome
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Term Meaning Examples
Renaissance
Humanism
Secular
Patron
FOCUS ON VOCABULARY
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Term Meaning Examples
Renaissance rebirth New interest in classical Greece and Rome
Humanism Focus on people and their achievements
Art and literature were valued and encouraged
Secular Concerned with the here and now
Some church leaders lived in mansions and wore expensive clothes
Patron A person who supports the arts The Medici family in Italy
FOCUS ON VOCABULARY
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Classics Lead to HumanismHumanism –
intellectual movement focused on human achievements
Studied classical texts, history, literature, philosophy
CLASSICAL AND WORLDLY VALUES
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Renaissance society was secular – worldlyWealthy enjoyed fine food, homes, clothes
WORLDLY PLEASURES
Medieval Church Renaissance Church
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Patron – a financial supporter of artists
Church leaders spend money on artworks to beautify cities
Wealthy merchants also patrons of the artsportraits, public places
PATRON OF THE ARTS
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Excels in many field; the classics, art, politics, combat
Baldassare Castiglione’s The Courtier (1528)
The book teaches how to become a “universal” person
THE RENAISSANCE MAN
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Upper-class, educated in classics, charming
Expected to inspire art but not create it
Isabella d’Este, patron of artists, wields power in Mantua
THE RENAISSANCE WOMAN
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Artistic Styles ChangeUse a realistic, classical
style to show religious subjects
Use perspective (3-D on a flat surface)
REVOLUTION IN ART
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Realistic Painting and SculpturePortraits of
prominent citizensNatural postures and
expressionsBiblical David is a
favorite subject
REVOLUTION IN ART
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Leonardo da Vinci Painter, sculptor,
inventor, scientistPaintings:
The Mona Lisa The Last Supper
LEONARDO DA VINCIRENAISSANCE MAN
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Raphael Sanzio Famous for his use
of perspective Favorite Subject
The Madonna and child
Famous Painting School of Athens
RAPHAEL SANZIOREALISM
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Sofonisba Anguissola First woman artist to
gain world renownArtemisia Gentileschi
Paints strong, heroic women
RENAISSANCE LADIES REPRESENT
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Secti on 1
Complete your Entrance S l ip/Bel l R inger
CHAPTER 1
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New Trends in WritingWrite in vernacular –
the native languagePurpose:1. Self-expression2. To Portray
Individuality of the subject
RENAISSANCE WRITERS CHANGE LITERATURE
Dante Alighieri
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Petrarch “Father of Renaissance
Humanism”Poet
BoccaccioThe Decameron
RENAISSANCE WRITERS
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Niccolo MachiavelliThe Prince
Political guidebook How rulers can gain and
keep power Assumed that people are
selfish, fickle, and corrupt Feared vs. Loved
“It is bett er to be feared than loved” - Machiavelli
MACHIAVELLI’S THE PRINCE
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Woman writer with great influence
Poems expressed personal emotions (gasp!)Most were poems
composed to her husband
VITTORIA COLONNA
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Secti on 2
THE NORTHERN RENAISSANCE
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Main Idea: In the 1400s, the idea of the Italian
Renaissance began to spread to Northern Europe
Why it Matters: Renaissance ideas such as the importance of the individual are a strong
part of modern thought
Terms and Names: - utopia, William Shakespeare, Johann
Gutenburg
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Glue the provided map into your notes for future usage!!!!
Pay att ention and follow directions when the teacher lady asks you to!
!!!!!
ADD THAT MAP!
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THE NORTHERN RENAISSANCE BEGINS
Why does the Renaissance spread to Northern Europe?
1. Visitors from N. Europe are impressed by the spirit of the Italian Renaissance
2. Hundred Years’ War ends in 1453 = growth of cities
3. Merchants grow wealthy and sponsor artists
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4. England and France’s monarchs are art patrons
King Francis I of France hires Italians to renovate his hunting lodge/castle FontainebleauSharif isn’t so sure about that though…
WHY DID THE RENAISSANCE SPREAD?
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But I hear the interior
looks something
l ike this…
Francis I used his castle as a picture gallery
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Northern traditi ons mixed with Renaissance ideasArtists are interested in
realismHumanists develop
ideas for social reformBased off of Judeo-
Christian values
RENAISSANCE IDEAS SPREAD
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Renaissance Styles Migrate North
Artists and writers move to northern Europe to escape war in Italy (1494)
German PaintersAlbrecht Durer ’s
woodcuts and engravings emphasize realism
Hans Holbein the Younger Paints portraits
ARTISTIC IDEAS SPREAD
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Flanders is the artistic center of Northern Europe
Jan van Eyck Pioneer in oil-based
paintingRealistic and reveal
subject’s personality
FLEMISH PAINTERS
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Pieter BruegelCaptures scenes of
peasant life with realistic details
FLEMISH PAINTERS
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Criticize the Catholic Church Start Christian
humanismWant to reform
society and promote educationParticularly for women
NORTHERN HUMANISTS
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Daily Agenda1. Pantheon pictures2. “Engineering an
Empire” video3. Chapter 1 Notes Homework – Due
Tomorrow1. Read 1.42. Finish 1.4 reading
packet
THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 25TH
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When the Renaissance spread to England (mid-1500s) and Queen Elizabeth I reigned1558-1603Well-educatedWrote poetry & music Supported art and
literature
THE ELIZABETHAN AGE
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Most famous writer of Elizabethan AgePlaywright and poet,
performances at the Globe Theater in London
Renaissance: Revered the classics Understanding of human
beings
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE
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THE PRINTING PRESS
Gutenburg's Printi ng Press
1440, Gutenburg creates the printi ng pressFirst book to be mass produced = the Bible Inexpensive enough for many to be able to purchase a book
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Luther Leads the Reformati on
SECTION 3
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Causes of ReformationSocial• Humanism &
secularism led people to question the Church
• The printing press helps ideas spread
Political• Monarchs
challenge the Church
• Pope as a foreign ruler
Economic• European
monarch jealous of Church’s wealth
• Merchants resent tithes (church taxes)
Religious• Some leaders
corrupt• Indulgences
are unacceptable to some
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1483 – 1546Entered the monastery,
but always felt sinfulBelief = faith alone is the
key to salvati onOpposed indulgences95 Theses –
Complaints against the Church
Posted them to a church door for debate
Printed (thanks Gutenberg)
MARTIN LUTHER CHALLENGES THE CHURCH
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SYNTHESIS ACTIVITY