Modern Project Management - Overview

PROJECT MANAGEMENT 641

PAPER 4

MODERN PROJECT MANAGEMENT

© www.asia-masters.com

MODERN PROJECT MANAGEMENT The 1940s

The Manhattan Project - first evidence of modern PM.



2 major developments: Network planning/control techniques -

PERT/CPM/PDM Systems engineering and management.

Modern PM in early 1950s by US Air Force & Navy. Large number of planes & rockets projects. Engineering & Production offices combined Atlas ICBMs used systems approach -

managed as 1 entity.


MODERN PROJECT MANAGEMENT - The 1950s [cont’d]

1956 USAF report:Projects organised on product not functional

basisGeneral elevation of the project management

function

Polaris :Elevated authority of 'Project' within organisation Led to development of PERT

Gaddis - Article broaden the focus of PM© www.asia-masters.com

MODERN PROJECT MANAGEMENT - The 1960s

Growth in systems integration, & plan/control tools. Major theme - theoretical organisational basis for

PM US Defence introduced core PM tools (esp. Apollo).

eg: life-cycle costing, C/SCSC, work breakdown structure.

Construction industry began to use modern PM tools Emergence of an intellectual interest in PM Growing use of matrix in many organisations PM tools overemphasied, integration overlooked


Project-based firms use PM as permanent function.

Growing influence of external factors upon projects.

Growth of matrix as PM tools used for special tasks

Perceptions of PM: middle-management, intra-organisational skill. But real projects indicate a fuller view - ie impact of external factors

PMI & Internet established - focus on techniques used by intra-project middle management. © www.asia-masters.com


PM a mature management discipline. creation of PM degree courses proliferation of publications on PM increasing use of PM PC-based tools. focus on top-down strategic management of

projects: attention to defining project success criteria importance of effects of external factors importance of managing project as soon as

an idea involvement of client & end users of

project's product © www.asia-masters.com

MODERN PROJECT MANAGEMENT The 1980s [cont’d]

application of quality assurance to project activities

sophisticated procurement & financing

IT - faciliated PM, & created a class of projects

Writings on PM : risk management; expert systems; project success; strategic project management.

Gareis (1989) - "Management by Projects"© www.asia-masters.com

MODERN PROJECT MANAGEMENTSUMMARY

50S - MPM by USAF

Organisational integrationSystems managementCPM/PERT

60s Matrix WBS,, earned value, PDM


MODERN PROJECT MANAGEMENTSUMMARY

70s heavy focus on TCQ Growing importance of external factors Focus on middle-PM

80s becomes mature & broadens eg risk, TQM, partnering, project success PC-based “PM” software Pmbok published “Management by Projects”

Why did modern PM emerged ?COMPLEXITY

Growing complexity of tasks performed by organisations.

This required specialisation - multi-disciplinary inputs

This required a high level of coordination

Project management provided this INTEGRATION. © www.asia-masters.com

Why did modern PM emerged ? CHANGE

Organisations work in increasingly dynamic worldConstantly under pressure to implement changeAnd changes occurring at an accelerating pace. Changes implemented by projects and PM

TIME

Intense competition -products made asapTight time and cost constraints - well suited for PM

1990s and the future

PM to be recognised as an individual discipline “PM will become an expected professional skill”

Corporate StrategiesOrganisations respond to rapid change by right CS. PM seen as appropriate for implementing CS

PM as Mainstream“change from perceiving PM unique towards seeing PM methods as elements in management in general”

Broader Management Input PM not mainly task of PMs, but all management needed, top managers & project participants


1990s and the futureConcurrent Engineering

CE aims for shorter product life cycles. CE = requires multi-disciplinary teams.This process lends itself to the application of PM

Stakeholder ManagementMore projects dealing with many influential SHs. Interface management will be significant focus for PM.

QualityTQM in projects will grow - ISO/CD 10006

Collaborative ArrangementsStrategic alliances & partnering to grow in popularity


1990s and the futureInformation Technology

Computer-based developments in projects to grow- better PM software; expert systems, risk analysis, EDI

Multi-project ManagementManage network of projects. Integration needed

CertificationProcess to verify PM’s competencies to othersPMI - PMP APM UK AIPM - RegPM


1990s and the future

Front-End Management Greater emphasis in starting up projects- Verification of objectives, value management, risk management;

Team Building Team processes will grow, eg - team empowerment, consensus decision-making

Beyond Technical ExpertiseRequire PMs whose competency is PM - not technicalSkills in business, risk, integration - not technical

Virtual teamsProject teams to be geographically dispersed

The Professionalism of PMProject Management Institute

1969. 44,000. 1998 budget -$12m Developed PmBok. Annual Conference PM Journal (4) & PM Network (12)

International Project Management Association 1985. 22 European bodies. 10,000. UK - 4,000 International Journal of PM (6)

Australian Institute of Project Management 1976.2000.Australian Project Manager (12)


Modern Project Management - Overview

Business

Transcript of Modern Project Management - Overview