Modern Micronutrient Use Considerations - National Alliance · Modern Micronutrient Use...
Transcript of Modern Micronutrient Use Considerations - National Alliance · Modern Micronutrient Use...
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Modern Micronutrient Use Considerations
NAICC Fort Worth, 01/21/11
J. Julian Smith, Ph.D.
Sales Director, Brandt Consolidated, Inc., Specialty Formulations
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Essential Micronutrients
Formulae Those that solve the
problem Shotgun vs. rifle Raw material vs.
formulated vs. actual sale
Elements Zinc Boron Iron Manganese Copper Molybdenum Ni, Se, Si, Co, Cl?
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Industry Overview
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Total market for agricultural inputs, ~$150 billion
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North America
21% world market ~$600 million 4% of total fertilizer market
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U.S. Market Ranking – reality?
Zinc – 45% Iron – 25% Boron – 20% Manganese – 8% Copper – 2%
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Market Realities?
Fertilizer distribution channels comfort zone is commodity trading and logistics
Ag chem distribution used to jugs and “specialty”markets
Neither model perhaps understands the nuances of “non-agricultural” commodities, raw materials, real life agronomics, metal markets etc……
As a result, any guesstimate of the market is meaningless Raw materials Sales to distribution – double / triple count Adjuvants / biologicals / others
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Issues
Secondary nutrients (e.g. Ca, Mg) often dumped to “micros” – i.e. afterthought
Agronomic “research” Solution culture vs. soil Curative (loser) vs. Preventative (there’s a novelty) Yield as the Holy Grail? Nutritional / Quality – poor NPK practices?
Constitutive Chemical B, Mn, Ni classics
Genetics – you generally need a seed to grow a crop –ignore at your peril
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Genetics ahead
Drought tolerance Nutritional Constitution (Se) Taste Quality
Nutrient use efficiency Non-conventional use e.g. B/N, Zn/Ca, Ni/Zn
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It is somewhat of a play-pen but there are rules…..
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Here’s the playpen
Inorganic
Water Soluble• Nitrates• Chlorides• Sulfates• Sodium Salts• Potassium Salts• Ammonium Salts
Not Water Soluble• Carbonates• Phosphates• Silicates• Hydroxides• Oxides
• EDTA• DTPA• HEEDTA• HEDTA• Citric Acid• NTA
Sugar AlcoholsLow Molecular Weight Acids• Citric• Oxalic• Tartaric
Low Molecular Weight
High Molecular Weight
• Na Glucoheptonate• Lignin Compounds• Fulvic Acids• Humic Acid• Amino Acids
Complexing Agents Chelating Agents
Organic
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Inorganic vs. Organic Complexes vs. Chelates vs. Salts Stability constant Role of pH and soil type Organic matter Solubility and plant availability
Solutions
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Considerations
Molecular weight, size, dimension Soil or foliar? Both? In plant mobility? Biodegradable / environmental compatibility Chemical compatibility Phytotoxicity Stability constant
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Agronomic considerations – try not to forget the plant…
Micronutrients usually applied in amounts of less than 10 lb metal /ac
Problems? Uniformity of soil application – surface activity Liquid vs. dry Are the combinations plant available?
Biological / chemical - glyphosate
Can you get it out of the spray tank? Crop safety issues – timing (pollenation) Predicting the problem
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Soil applications
Strong chelate Compatible with fertilizer Plant mobility not an issue, chemical stability
is…. Local market / custom usually dictates Liquid / dry Chelate vs. salt (starter vs. fall blend) Cost per lb / vs. cost per acre
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% Zn remaining after 4 minutes mixing with a 1-2-0 ortho P
ZnEDTA 100 ZnPhenolic 11 ZnCitrate 8 ZnSO4-NH3 complex 8 ZnSO4 4
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Foliar applications
Much maligned in “conventional” circles Cure all vs. agronomic proven supplement Muck and mystery vs. proven solutions Ignorance at “research” level is a hurdle
(disparate disciplines)
Multiple ride opportunities? Glyphosate / herbicide Fungicide Corrective / compensatory / additive aspects
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Foliar needs
Weak complex Low molecular weight High water solubility Low phytotoxicity Plant analog In-plant mobility
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Foliar Applied Ingredients 2 Pathways
2 Pathways
Lipophilic Pathway
HydrophilicPathway
Stomata’s Hydrophilic Pores Imperfections of cuticle
Most Fertilizers and Micronutrients(Any active ingredient that is
water soluble)
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Leaf Penetration (Cuticle)
Lipophylic Non-electrolytes – organic molecules
Agrochemicals
Hydrophylic Polar / Aqueous pathways Hydrated ionic compounds (sugars, inorganic
ions) Pores – 0.45 – 1.18 nm
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Factors influencing permeability of inorganic ions and charged molecules across plant cuticles
E.g. – Ca2+, glyphosate, precipitation at pore (Fe) Humidity 2-3 x greater as RH approaches 100% Sorption of water to polar domains = swelling of cutin polymer = increased penetration of ionic compounds
Temperature No effect (except humidity)
Light Rates of salt penetration 2-fold lower in
dark Molecular weight Reduced 3-10x as Ca salt increases from
100 – 500 gmol
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In summary – the crop or end-user that counts?
In 2015 Zn will still be Zinc but gene expression, traits etc might have shifted…
Operational vs. agronomic service Just another SKU or a business necessity?
Prescription vs. insurance Re-birth of real agronomists
Chemistry vs. price Sophisticated products in a singularly
unsophisticated market
Soil vs. foliar Yield vs. quality Nutritional value of the crop
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Sometimes it helps to stay quiet and look inconspicuous……