Modern Cost Engineering
Transcript of Modern Cost Engineering
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16 26 10 14 12 ;;...--\'--a-
,~ -
u. 14 0 0 o 16 ~ 0 .,..: 12 0 W .ci
10
8
6o 300 600
900Heat transfer surface, ft2
1,200
1,500
Heat exchangers-fixed
tubesheet, tubes of stainless steel, area 300-1,500 ft2, carbon steel shell
Fig. 16
CURRENT COSTS OF PROCESS EQUIPMENT
113
u. 0 o 0 t'W""'ci- ~ .;: . 0. E o 0
a a
10
100
1,000 Capacity
10,000 X head factor (gpm X psi)
100,000
1,000,000
Centrifugal pumps and drivers-ANSI pump, TEFC driver, coupling and base, 30-300,000 gpm
Fig. 30
120
COSTS OF EQUIPMENT-DATA AND ESTIMATING METHODS
"'
0 "' 0 > co C ';:-. u "'0 0 ~ E "'0 0 o 0ci ....: ~. .0 W .. ~OJ
100
100
1,000Brake horsepower
10,000
Compressors and drivers-centrifugal,
electric motor or gasturbine, 100-4,000 bhp
Fig. 31
o o oW
~. ouci
.0....: Q;
';:Cco
>
"'0 "'0
~ ~ 0o uE
100
1,000Brake horsepower
10,000
}
Compressors and drivers-reciprocal
compressors with gas, electric or steam driver, 100-4,000
bhp
Fig. 32
CURRENT COSTS OF PROCESS EQUIPMENT
121
0, u 0 0 +.; 0 W ..0V>
'+-'
100 10 120 12 240 8 9 6 5 7 11 3 13 4 140 14 80
2
60 220 40 180 20 160 200 0
Distillation columns-25-tray,
2-12 ft dia., 57% and 68 ft shell heights tot; 0,100 and 300 psig
Fig. 33
0, 0 0
220
~ .fr\
I
280 240 260
W
..0' 200
o'+-'
tf
~_-_+--_+_----1~-_+--_+_-~I_-_+--~C---I_-_+--_+_--1_ 180 I---+--+---I---+--+--'--I---+_c--+---+---+--+-----:!H i ht ~ 95 t
u
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160 140
1---+--+--1---+--+---1---+--+---+'\1 "'-" . 1---+----+120 I---+----Htt'r-I---+--+---I---- . """""=t---t100 80 apsig
L-J--1~~~~J-~1--f;;;;f:::===t:]=--1--L100psi
60 '----_ __'_ __o
.l..-_--l.. __2 3
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....l-_----I __6 7~
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.L._ _
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11
12
13
__J 14
Column dia., ft
Distillation columns-50-tray,
2-12 ft dia., 95 and 118 ft shell heights tot; 0, 100 and 300 psig
Fig. 34
122 COSTS OF EQUIPMENT-DATA AND ESTIMATING METHODS
- ~~ -./ ~..0
u 0. 320 '" 440 640 0 360 0 ;;;; 400....: ...
,......Q m ~ ,..,... :::=:::::0 ..... ._----~"""'--
I---
----'o psig
\~
600 160 480 520 280 560 200 240
~ ~ .~
~ ~
t--..
,/./
~
c_-___ -_':.:
//
-
120
o
2
4
6Column dia.,
8 ft
10
12
14
Distillation columns-100-tray,
4-12 ft dia., 170 ft shell height tot; 0,100 and 300 psig
Fig. 35
u ....:
.0
360 260 0. 220 0 200 0 t;~ 240 ;;;; 0 100 120 160 140 280 300 340 180 320
P'O.
/
'l.ee
s'l.ee'
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>7
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4
5
15
20
25
30
35
40
Column dia., in.
Packed tower, double bed-25 psi to full vacuum, 5-ft sections, carbon, 304 and 316 steel
Fig. 40
CURRENT COSTS OF PROCESS EQUIPMENT
125
.n
ci ....:
u 60 0 ~. 30W
20
50 ~ 40
10
0.1
'---
-'- __
-'-_--L_-'----'_.L.-.L.-J......I
0.5
-'-_..L--'-_--'-_-'---'_"--"--'--'5Size, in.
10
Tower packing-saddle-type
packing made of porcelain; f.o.b. costs on ft3 basis
Fig. 41
2001---+--1-+-I-++-Hf--+--+-++++
0
0 0 u o. ci ~.....:
W
10
..ci
1'---_-'---'-.J.....J.--'-'..J...U'---_'---'--J.......L....L..L..L..U._---'_-'--L-l-.L-L.J...U-_--'-_'--'-'-J....Wu..L._--'----'--'--'-L...I-L..LJ
0.01Air-cooled exchangers-capacities
0.1
1Heat transfer surface,
10 1,000ft2
100
1,000Fig. 42
to 200,000 ft3 transfer area, carbon-steel fins
126
COSTS OF EQUIPMENT-DATA AND ESTIMATING METHODS50 ./ 0 -/ -
('--
,/ - -f--f-II I
/
II
./ /" I
./
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,/
;;/
/
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o o~
0, 10-0 Q)
tleQ) t;"
o u
5
~o
101/,J
5
10 Ie Capacity, 1,000 gpm
.J
50
100
Cooling towers-erected,
capacities to 20,000 gpm water throughput, basin not included
Fig. 43
/ //1/' ///80 70 60 100
~supply waler
Cooting
./
"""I
I I1
I"""
~ ~t,J(
Gtycolsupply
-B
!J
Tank
-
-
0-
III I:
waler
Glycol
Wrtlurn
~
Cooler Cooling
~-
/
90
u..c:i
:3 ....: ..
0
0 0, 0 ~
50
40 o
3
6Capacity, million Btu/h
9
12
Heat exchanger system-based
on cooling 50% ethylene glycol, 1 million to 10 million Btu/h
Fig. 44
CURRENT COSTS OF PROCESS EQUIPMENT
127
Feed
4
plant sludges Typical
decolorizationchar kaolin 185 221 605 63 Bauxite Calcined Charcoal 9-31,536 and/or used of ofwastewater used to 3,111 10-9 6-0 Regenerationdescription adsorbant sand 437 14-3 890 16-9 22-3 122 26-9 18-9 1.5-2.5 Bone 121868 375 353 958 506 99 51 621 305 831 87 adsorbant 389 110 269 732 75 1452,053 carbon sludgeoilsofand wastes treatment 449 1,740 4,078 Regeneration 6-12 3-5 1,411Active 286 1,185 964 4,386 andProcess 1,719 2,642 2313,063 Ib/h/ft2 5-10 cellulosic waxes fromcarbon 718 1,385 2,755 Manufacture recalcination-sludge wood 1,969 2003,417 feedappl473tertiaryfor kaolinProductpigmentsludge 1,202 1,705 rates 255 792 2,173 1.9-3.8 176717 547 1,051 1,236 4,740 Calcination 2,907 Foundry 2--4 1,284 3,725 plantsications of 0.0., Limeactivated3,376 2,438 15-25 1,870 1,032 2,402 Limeother 1,432 1,057 2,094 decolorize 1,501 granular bauxite Biological ft-in. for charcoal
Regeneration
of bone char used for Reclamation of foundry
Typical sand
product
rates,
.,..:
W
'" 0 u o. 0 ..,'.D
1,000 600 500 400 800 900 700
300
2004
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Number of hearths
Multiple hearth furnaces-outside
diameters 6 ft to 25 ft 9 in., number of hearths 4-14
Fig. 45
128 COSTS OF EQUIPMENT-DATA AND ESTIMATING METHODS
700 .--------,----,----,--,-...,r--.--.--,.-,-...,------.-----.-------r--.----,-r--,...-" 500Cost ~ Base (1 +Fd
Design type Cylindrical Dowtherm
0 0.33
Design pressure, psi Up to 500 1,000 1,500
Fp
o 0.15 0.20
100------+----b6"=-t--+-:,~'-+-+-H-----+---+1
501------+-7flC---+---+--+-j-+-+-H-----+---+_30 L-
1
..L-__
..L-_..L---...JL-..L---L.--L....L-.l..-
5
10
..l- __Btu!h
..l-_--L._.l..---L.-L-L---.LJ
50
100Fig. 46
Absorbed duty, million
I'
Fired heaters-cylindrical, various steel tubes, absorbed duty 2 million-30 million Btu/h
,
!
6,000 r-----,----,---.---r-.---.-.-,-.,-----,..----,..---,--.,-,----r---r--r-l 5,000 1-----+---+--+--1-+--+--+--+-+-----+---+--+-+-+-+-++-1Cost ~ Base (1 + Fd + Fp) Design type Process heater Pyrolysis Reformer catalyst) (without 0.35Fd -
Design pressure, psi Fp Up to o 0.10 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000
o o
0,;:;}1;;'
o u'"
-0+"
u'"
000~=""t.jOOOO
a 00 00 00
~-0
~ u..
1 I------+---+----I~-+~I_+-,JL+-il_----+_,000
500------+----;~-+_'4--+-jI--+-+-H-----+_1300
: 0 : 0 ...I..-__
10
L..-
--L.. _ _
---'-_........J._---'----lc--..L-.L.-L....J
50
100
--L._--l..._--L.........J._L-L-LJ
500
1,000Fig. 47
Absorbed duty, million Btu!h
Fired heaters-box type, various steel tubes, absorbed duty 20 million-200 million Btu/h
CURRENT COSTS OF PROCESS EQUIPMENT
129
1,000
- --- .... "'r--- I ..... ....1"0-
I 1"--
-.-
"'-
--...
I
500
ci
~A 100 u 50 8 ~ .~< .ci
N
.......
1010 50
100
500Total filter area, ft2
1,000
5,000
10,000
Filters, pressure-leaf or tubular-carbon steel with stainless steel filtering elements
Fig. 48
8,000
I
I
I
I
~
N
II1,000
c===J c==::JI Itilting
I
~