Modern Cell theory a.Cells are basic unit of life. b.All organisms are made of cells. c.Cells come...
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Transcript of Modern Cell theory a.Cells are basic unit of life. b.All organisms are made of cells. c.Cells come...
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Modern Cell theory
a. Cells are basic unit of life.
b. All organisms are made of cells.
c. Cells come from cells.
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What are Schleiden and Schwann known for?
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Drawing of prokaryote eukaryote
How can you tell a prokaryote from anEukaryotic cell?
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What are 3 functions of the cell nucleus?
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FUNCTIONS OF NUCLEUS
1.Store genetic information
2.Regulate cell processes
3. Start the processof protein synthesis
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Cell Part__Cell WallCellulose (structural carbohydrate)FunctionSupport & protectLocationOutside cell membrane
____________________________________The __cell wall ___is like a Analogy Drawing _________Because it__________________________________________________________________
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________location of protein synthesis
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Cell Part_____________StructureMostly phospholipids plus someProtein channels & carbs.FunctionRegulate what goes in and outLocationOutside of cytoplasm_____________________________________The Cell membrane is like a Analogy Drawing __________Because it__________________________________________________________________
-= -- = Analogy: windowScreen lets air in ei oat But not the Sags. lit t 11ttIl' .aaXfre 0-cellmembrane
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Our cell membrane are complex with lots of moving parts. This allows some things to enter while keeping other things out.
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Cell Part__________ Actual DrawingStructureMostly water (cytosol) & organellesFunctionSite of chemical reactionsLocationBetween cell membrane and nucleus_____________________________________The cytoplasm is like a Analogy Drawing _____________Because it_______________________________________________________________
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Cell Part_______ Structure: membrane bound organellewith green granum (look like stack of pancakes) called thylakoids.
Function: use light energy, water & CO2to make sugar (energy storage molecule)
Location: in the cytoplasm of Plants and some photosynthetic organisms _____________________________________Analogy The chloroplast is like asolar collector because it converts light energy into another form of energy
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Cell Part____________StructureMembrane bound sacwith folded membranes (cristae)FunctionRelease energy from glucose (sugar)LocationIn Cytoplasm of plant and animal cells_____________________________________The mitochondria is like a Analogy Drawing _power plant Because it releases energy from fuel
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Cell Part_________ Actual DrawingStructureMembrane bound sac FunctionStore water, sugar, and saltLocationIn cytoplasm in plants_____________________________________The large vacuole is like a Analogy Drawing
Bottle of gatoraide because
it stores sugar salt and water
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Lysosome Structure- membrane bound sacFilled with enzymesFunction-Break down Lipids carbohydrates and Proteins.Location- in the cytoplasmPicture-Analogy-
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What is this process
What speeds up diffusion?
Describe the movement ofmolecules duringdiffusion.
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Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a semi permeable (also called selectively permeable) membrane.
Diffusion
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_________diffusion through channel protein
Describe the movement of molecules duringfacilitated diffusion. Does this type of diffusion require ATP (energy molecules) to get started?
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Describe the movement ofthe square molecules.
Is energy required for this type of diffusion?
What is the name of thistype of transport?
?
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Organization in living things animal
Multicellular living things are organized from simple cell to complex organism.Place these in order from simplest to mostcomplex.
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What is meant by cellular respiration?
brainstorm
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Cellular (in cell ) Respiration (with oxygen)
Plant & animal cells use sugar & oxygen to release energy.
Cellular Respiration happens in the cell’s mitochondrion.
The mitochondria put together the reactants, oxygen & sugar,
and make the products carbon dioxide, water, and energy (ATP).
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What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
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Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen.
Anaerobic respiration occurs in the absenceof oxygen.
What are the runners doing once the race is over?
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Anaerobic respiration occurs when oxygen is NOT present this is referred to as fermentation.
Lactic acid formation- damages muscles
fermentation – yeast forms alcohol
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Pictures from leaf to plastidsPhotosynthesis Cellular
Respiration
Function Energy captured Energy released
Location Chloroplast Mitochondria
Reactant CO2+H2OCarbon dioxide + water
C6 H12 O6 + O2Sugar + oxygen
Product C6 H12 O6 + O2Sugar + oxygen
CO2 + H2OCarbon dioxide + water
Equation 6CO2+6H2O
C6 H12 O6 + 6O2
C6 H12 O6 + 6 O2
CO2+6H2O+ATP
energy
energy
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Photosynthesis
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What 2 factors limit cell size?
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Cell size is limited by 2 factors:1. When a cell gets too big the DNA
gets overworked & fails this is called DNA overload.
2. Cells that are too large can not get food in and waste out and the cell dies.
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As cells get larger their volume increasesand they can’t get food in and waste out effectively.
How can a cell prevent DNA overload and excessive volume from occurring while continuing to grow?
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1 cell becomes 2 genetically identical cells.Making somatic or body cells.
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Cells divide to reduce their volume making it easier for the DNA to controlall processes and making it easier to transport food and waste throughout the cell efficiently.
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Cells gone wild!!!
Normal Cells
What is it called when cells reproduce outof control?
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Cancer is caused by uncontrolled mitosis(uncontrolled cell division) due to a changein the DNA.
Malignant cancer cells can migrate to other parts of the body and spread cancerto those areas.
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DNA
What does a DNA nucleotide monomer consist of?
What is this structure called?
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Chromosomes are made of DNA
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What is this process called.
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What are the steps of DNA replication?
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DNA ONLY Both RNA ONLY
Compare and contrast DNA and RNA
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Relation between gene and protein.
Genes are the recipe for making proteins
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When DNA is rewritten as mRNAthe process is called ________.
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mRNA Decoder Wheel
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mRNA Decoder Chart
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3 letters of mRNA that code for an aminoacid is called a ________
In this part of protein synthesis you go fromthe language of nitrogen bases to the language of amino acids it is called ______
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A gene mutation affects one gene.Chromosomal mutations affect many genes.Both can be deadly.
What can be usedto diagnose a monosomy or trysomy?
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What sex is this person?
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Genetic Engineering – humans changingthe genetic code.
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What is this process called.
How is it done?