Modelling Data-Intensive Web Sites with OntoWeaver
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Transcript of Modelling Data-Intensive Web Sites with OntoWeaver
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Modelling Data-Intensive Web Sites with OntoWeaver
Knowledge Media InstituteThe Open University
Yuangui Lei, Enrico Motta, John Domingue{y.lei, e.motta, j.b.domingue}@open.ac.uk
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Outline
• Motivation• OntoWeaver Rationales• Site View Modelling• Presentation Modelling• Customization Framework• An Example• Advantages and Limitations• Conclusions
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Motivation
• Data-intensive web sites– Time-consuming design process– Few re-usable components – Costly maintenance process
• Solutions– Model-based web modelling methodologies
• HDM, RMM, WebML, etc.
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Customization Layer
User ProfilesUser Model
Customization Requirements
Presentation Layer
Presentation Styles Layouts
Site View Layer
Data ElementsNavigational Elements
KA Forms Query Forms
Data Layer
Databases
Data Services
Domain Model
Current Research Practices
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Open Issues
• Limited support for the specification of site views;– RMM, OOHDM, HDM-Lite– ARANEUS, WebML, OntoWebber, HERA
• Limited support for the specification of presentation styles and layouts;– Style sheets– Layout design
• Limited support for customization at design time as well as at run time;– The customization specification is intertwined with the site
view layer– The aspects of customization are limited
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OntoWeaver: an Ontology-Based Approach
• Goal:– to enable the process of designing ontology-based web
applications to be carried out at the conceptual level• Rationales
– Employing the notion of ontology as the back-bone• Site View Ontology• Presentation Ontology• Customization Framework
– All aspects of a web site expressed declaratively• Advantages
– Low-cost route to data-driven web applications– All aspects of a web site amenable to reasoning
• Site Design Critiquing• Customization
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Customization Layer
User ProfilesUser Model
Customization Requirements
Presentation Layer
Presentation Styles Layouts
Site View Layer
Data ElementsNavigational Elements
KA Forms Query Forms
Data Layer
Databases
Data Services
Domain Model
Domain Ontology
Site View Ontology
Presentation Ontology
CustomizationFramework
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OntoWeaver: an Ontology-Based Approach
• Goal:– to enable the process of designing ontology-based web
applications to be carried out at the conceptual level• Rationales
– Employing the notion of ontology as the back-bone• Site View Ontology• Presentation Ontology• Customization Framework
– All aspects of a web site expressed declaratively• Advantages
– Low-cost route to data-driven web applications– All aspects of a web site amenable to reasoning
• Site Design Critiquing• Customization
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OntoWeaver Architecture
OWWeb Site
InferenceEngine
Site Builder
Presentation Specification
Site View Specification
Site Designer
Site View & Presentation Ontologies
User Profiles
Domain Ontology
Ontology Editor
Customization Rule Base
Site CustomizerOnline Page
Builder
User Ontology
CustomizedView
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Modelling the Site View Layer
hasSubComponent
hasSubResource
Site
Resource
Component
hasIndexResource
hasComponent
SubResource
MetaData
hasMetaData
hasResource
LinkItem
hasOutput
Output Input
CommandhasInput
hasCommand
hasLinkItem
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Examples of the Site View Constructs
KA component
Input element
Command ElementOutput
Elements
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Data Component
Dynamic Output
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Site View Constructs Summary
• Composite User Interface Constructs– Site, SiteResource, ResourceComponent
• Component Primitives:– DataComponent– KAComponent– SearchComponent
• Pre-defined services
• Atomic User Interface Constructs– Output, DynamicOutput, Command, Input
• Navigational Constructs– LinkItem, DynamicLinkItem, Parameter
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Modelling the Presentation Layer
• Presentation Styles– Fonts, colours, etc– Template-based approach
• Templates: generic templates, widget templates, data component templates
• Presentation objects: attaching templates with site view components
• Layouts– Organization of site view components– Layout modelling
• Text Layout• Component Layout
• Presentation Model– SitePresentation
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Presentation Model
SitePresentation
TemplatehasPresentation
hasTemplatehasLayout
Presentation
Layout
PresentationTemplate
ComponentURI
hasTemplatehasComponentURI AreaLayout
hasAreaLayout
ComponentURI
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Customization Framework
• Declarative Site Model– Site view specifications;– Site presentation specifications; – Site ontologies.
• User Ontology– A model to enable the recording of user profiles– Only very basic ontology is provided, typically this will be
specialised for particular applications• User Profiles
– Information about end users in terms of user ontology.• Customization Rules
– Conditions– Customization Actions
• Jess Inference Engine
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OntoWeaver Architecture
OWWeb Site
InferenceEngine
Site Builder
Presentation Specification
Site View Specification
Site Designer
Site View & Presentation Ontologies
User Profiles
Domain Ontology
Ontology Editor
Customization Rule Base
Site CustomizerOnline Page
Builder
User Ontology
CustomizedView
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Example: Building a Paper Review System
• Four types of users• Authors
– They browse conference information– They submit papers
• Reviewers – They get the papers assigned for review from the web site;– They submit their reviews to the web site;
• Program committee members– They browse review recommendations.
• Chair– Has access to everything, notifies authors, etc.
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Design Process
• Domain Ontology Design:• Site View Design:
– Designing navigational structures– Composing user interfaces for web pages
• Presentation Design– Specifying visual appearance for user interface elements– Specify layout for user interface elements
• Customization Design:– Identifying potential audiences;– Creating different site models for different user groups;– Defining customization rules for individual users or groups;
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OntoWeaver Site Designer
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A General View
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User Group Specified Customization
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Rule-based Customization
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Reviewers get extra links for obtaining assigned papers and submitting reviews;
Two corresponding new web pages have been created;
Customized web pages are generated on the fly when users whose role is “Reviewer” login onto the paper review system and make requests about web pages.
A Customized View For Paper Reviewers
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Advantages
• High level specification– The design can be made much simpler
• Automatic site generation through ontology mapping
• Customization support– The modular approach– The customization framework
• Site maintenance– Tools support for manual and semi-automatic
maintenance
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Limitations
• Focusing on data presentation, data acquisition, and data querying
• Remote web services are not considered• Semantics of web pages are not explored
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Conclusions
• OntoWeaver uses an ontology-driven approach to the design and development of data-intensive web sites.
• It provides a set of ontologies to support the modelling and specification of all aspects of data-intensive web applications.
• It provides a customization framework to allow the specification of customization requirements at a high level of abstraction.
• It provides a tool suite to support the design and development of data-intensive web istes.