Modeling TechniquesModeling Techniques

Concepts of ModelingConcepts of Modeling

Armatures: “framework, a material Armatures: “framework, a material commonly of pliable metal or wood, commonly of pliable metal or wood, employed to provide support for a wax employed to provide support for a wax restoration”restoration”

Analyze Before ModelingAnalyze Before Modeling

Size, Position and FormSize, Position and Form

Concepts of Modeling (cont’d)Concepts of Modeling (cont’d)

Landmarks of SizeLandmarks of Size

Measurements in One DirectionMeasurements in One Direction

Configuration to a PatternConfiguration to a Pattern

Rough ModelingRough Modeling

Concepts of Modeling (cont’d)Concepts of Modeling (cont’d)

Smoothing a Wax SurfaceSmoothing a Wax Surface

Construction of Large MassesConstruction of Large Masses

Surface Depressions in Large MassesSurface Depressions in Large Masses

Surface Corrections by AdditionsSurface Corrections by Additions

Concepts of Modeling (cont’d)Concepts of Modeling (cont’d)

Surface Corrections by ReductionSurface Corrections by Reduction

Modeling by SilhouetteModeling by Silhouette

Modeling the ProfileModeling the Profile

Modeling the Bilateral FormModeling the Bilateral Form

Facial ProportionsFacial Proportions

Applications to RAApplications to RA

1) make comparisons between features 1) make comparisons between features and photographs/remainsand photographs/remains

2) similarities in size of features2) similarities in size of features 3) differences in size relationships3) differences in size relationships 4) derivations of size and form in absence 4) derivations of size and form in absence

of photographsof photographs

Canon of BeautyCanon of Beauty

Canon of UglinessCanon of Ugliness

Horizontal LinesHorizontal Lines

1) Vertex of the Cranium1) Vertex of the Cranium 2) Base of the Chin2) Base of the Chin 3) Line of Eye Closure3) Line of Eye Closure 4) Normal Hairline4) Normal Hairline 5) Eyebrow and Top of the Ear5) Eyebrow and Top of the Ear 6) Base of Nose and Base of Earlobe6) Base of Nose and Base of Earlobe 7) Line of Closure of the Lips7) Line of Closure of the Lips 8) Superior Border of the Chin8) Superior Border of the Chin

Vertical LinesVertical Lines

1) Medial End of Each Closed Eye1) Medial End of Each Closed Eye 2) Extension from the Medial End of Each 2) Extension from the Medial End of Each

Eye to the Wings of the NoseEye to the Wings of the Nose 3) Lateral Corner of Each Closed Eye3) Lateral Corner of Each Closed Eye 4) Each Side of the Face as Located on 4) Each Side of the Face as Located on

the Photographthe Photograph 5) Extension from the Middle of Each Eye 5) Extension from the Middle of Each Eye

to the Corners of the Mouth to the Corners of the Mouth

Units of MeasurementUnits of Measurement

1) width of the closed eye1) width of the closed eye

2) length from the base of the nose to the 2) length from the base of the nose to the eyebroweyebrow

3) head-lengths3) head-lengths

Proportional RelationshipsProportional Relationships

1) height of an adult1) height of an adult 2) width of the face2) width of the face 3) distance from normal hairline to base of 3) distance from normal hairline to base of

chin can be divided into 3 equal chin can be divided into 3 equal distancesdistances

4) distance from base of nose to base of 4) distance from base of nose to base of chin can be divided into 3 equal chin can be divided into 3 equal

distancesdistances

Proportional Rel’ps (cont’d)Proportional Rel’ps (cont’d)

5) top of ear on same horizontal plane as 5) top of ear on same horizontal plane as the eyebrowsthe eyebrows

6) bottom of ear on same horizontal plane 6) bottom of ear on same horizontal plane as the base of the noseas the base of the nose

7) line of lip closure lies halfway between 7) line of lip closure lies halfway between base of the nose and top of the chinbase of the nose and top of the chin

8) eyes are halfway between vertex of 8) eyes are halfway between vertex of cranium and the base of the chincranium and the base of the chin

Proportional Rel’ps (cont’d)Proportional Rel’ps (cont’d)

9) face is 5 eyes wide at zygomatic arches9) face is 5 eyes wide at zygomatic arches 10) distance between eyes is 1 eye width10) distance between eyes is 1 eye width 11) nose is 1 eye width11) nose is 1 eye width 12) mouth is 2 eye widths12) mouth is 2 eye widths 13) 4 equal distances: 13) 4 equal distances:

A) ear passage to ear passageA) ear passage to ear passage B) eyebrow to base of the chinB) eyebrow to base of the chin C) tip of nose to ear passageC) tip of nose to ear passage D) hairline to base of noseD) hairline to base of nose

Physiognomical Forms of the EarPhysiognomical Forms of the Ear

Parts of the Ear:Parts of the Ear: 1) helix1) helix 2) crus of the helix2) crus of the helix 3) antihelix3) antihelix 4) crura of the antihelix4) crura of the antihelix 5) triangular fossa5) triangular fossa 6) scapha6) scapha

Physiognomical Forms of the Ear Physiognomical Forms of the Ear (cont’d)(cont’d)

7) concha7) concha 8) tragus8) tragus 9) antitragus9) antitragus 10) intertragic notch10) intertragic notch 11) lobe11) lobe

Form of the Mass of the EarForm of the Mass of the Ear anatomical guidesanatomical guides

Forms of the Parts of the EarForms of the Parts of the Ear

ConchaConcha HelixHelix AntihelixAntihelix ScaphaScapha LobeLobe TragusTragus AntitragusAntitragus Intertragic NotchIntertragic Notch

Methods of AttachmentMethods of Attachment

Basket-weave Suture (Cross Stitch)Basket-weave Suture (Cross Stitch)

Loop StitchLoop Stitch

Bent Wire ArmatureBent Wire Armature

Wax SupportWax Support