Modeling Galaxy Cluster Outskirts with …Modeling Galaxy Cluster Outskirts with Cosmological...
Transcript of Modeling Galaxy Cluster Outskirts with …Modeling Galaxy Cluster Outskirts with Cosmological...
Modeling Galaxy Cluster Outskirts with
Cosmological Simulations
Camille AvestruzPI: Daisuke Nagai
NSF Graduate Research Fellow, Yale UniversityBerkeley Cosmology, November 27, 2014
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Clusters Probe the Growth of Structure
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Clusters Probe the Growth of Structure
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Clusters Provide Constraints on Dark Energy
Key to cluster cosmology: Precise mass measurements
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Masses defined with respect to reference densities
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Masses defined with respect to reference densities
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Masses defined with respect to reference densities
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Masses defined with respect to reference densities
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Masses defined with respect to reference densities
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Pioneering X-ray observations of cluster outskirts
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Microwave observations of cluster outskirts
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Cluster outskirts ideal for mass measurements
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Cluster outskirts ideal for mass measurements
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Entropy is expected to scale with radius
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Suzaku entropy profiles flatten in outskirts
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Suzaku entropy profiles flatten in outskirts
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Simulations necessary to interpret observations
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Outline
Introduction
Observational breakthroughs in cluster outskirts
Questions to answer with cosmological simulations
How can we describe gas flows in cluster outskirts?How do non-equilibrium physics affect observations?How can we use simulations to test for potentialobservational biases?
Summary
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Outline
Introduction
Observational breakthroughs in cluster outskirts
Questions to answer with cosmological simulations
How can we describe gas flows in cluster outskirts?How do non-equilibrium physics affect observations?How can we use simulations to test for potentialobservational biases?
Summary
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Cosmological Simulations of Galaxy Clusters
Adaptive Refinement Tree (ART) code: N-body+GasdynamicsBox size ∼100 Mpc, Spatial resolution ∼few kpc, Region shown ∼2 Mpc
Baryonic physics included (e.g. gas cooling, star formation,heating by SNe/AGN, metal enrichment)
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Cosmological Simulations of Galaxy Clusters
Adaptive Refinement Tree (ART) code: N-body+GasdynamicsBox size ∼100 Mpc, Spatial resolution ∼few kpc, Region shown ∼2 Mpc
Baryonic physics included (e.g. gas cooling, star formation,heating by SNe/AGN, metal enrichment)
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Simulated entropy profiles exhibit self-similarity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Simulated entropy profiles exhibit self-similarity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Simulated entropy profiles exhibit self-similarity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Simulated entropy profiles exhibit self-similarity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Simulated entropy profiles exhibit self-similarity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Simulated entropy profiles exhibit self-similarity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Simulated entropy profiles exhibit self-similarity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Simulated entropy profiles exhibit self-similarity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Simulated entropy profiles exhibit self-similarity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Simulated entropy profiles exhibit self-similarity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Simulated entropy profiles exhibit self-similarity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Mass accretion breaks self-similarity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Mass accretion breaks self-similarity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Mass accretion breaks self-similarity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Mass accretion breaks self-similarity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Non-equilibrium electron temperature biased low
tei ,Spitzer = 6.3× 108yr(Te/107K
) (10−5cm−3/ni
)(40/ ln Λ)
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Non-equilibrium electron temperature biased low
tei ,Spitzer = 6.3× 108yr(Te/107K
) (10−5cm−3/ni
)(40/ ln Λ)
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Non-equilibrium electron temperature biased low
tei ,Spitzer = 6.3× 108yr(Te/107K
) (10−5cm−3/ni
)(40/ ln Λ)
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Non-equilibrium electron temperature biased low
tei ,Spitzer → Hubble time
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Non-equilibrium electron temperature biased low
*tei ,Spitzer sets an upper limit on the temperature bias
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Electron temperature bias exhibits self-similarity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Electron temperature bias exhibits self-similarity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Electron temperature bias exhibits self-similarity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Electron temperature bias exhibits self-similarity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Electron temperature bias exhibits self-similarity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Electron temperature bias exhibits self-similarity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Temperature bias is azimuthally asymmetric
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Temperature bias is azimuthally asymmetric
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Temperature bias is azimuthally asymmetric
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Temperature bias is azimuthally asymmetric
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Temperature bias is azimuthally asymmetric
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Temperature bias is azimuthally asymmetric
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Temperature bias is azimuthally asymmetric
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Mass accretion breaks self similarity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Mass accretion breaks self similarity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Bulk/Filament decomposition is important
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Mock X-ray pipeline allows us to test observations
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Mock X-ray pipeline allows us to test observations
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Mock X-ray pipeline allows us to test observations
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Mock X-ray pipeline allows us to test observations
XSB =∫dVnenpΛ(TX ,Z )
Photon counts per second
Emission measure:EMM =
∫nenp dl
Assumed model plasmaemissivity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Mock X-ray pipeline allows us to test observations
XSB =∫dVnenpΛ(TX ,Z )
Photon counts per second
Emission measure:EMM =
∫nenp dl
Assumed model plasmaemissivity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Mock X-ray pipeline allows us to test observations
XSB =∫dVnenpΛ(TX ,Z )
Photon counts per second
Emission measure:EMM =
∫nenp dl
Assumed model plasmaemissivity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Mock X-ray pipeline allows us to test observations
XSB =∫dVnenpΛ(TX ,Z )
Photon counts per second
Emission measure:EMM =
∫nenp dl
Assumed model plasmaemissivity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Mock X-ray pipeline allows us to test observations
TX = 4.11 keV
2 Msec exposure time
Convolved Chandra response(Similar to Abell 133)
Test metallicity and temperature
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Mock X-ray pipeline allows us to test observations
TX = 4.11 keV
2 Msec exposure time
Convolved Chandra response(Similar to Abell 133)
Test metallicity and temperature
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Mock X-ray pipeline allows us to test observations
TX = 4.11 keV
2 Msec exposure time
Convolved Chandra response(Similar to Abell 133)
Test metallicity and temperature
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Mock X-ray pipeline allows us to test observations
TX = 4.11 keV
2 Msec exposure time
Convolved Chandra response(Similar to Abell 133)
Test metallicity and temperature
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Mock X-ray pipeline allows us to test observations
TX = 4.11 keV
2 Msec exposure time
Convolved Chandra response(Similar to Abell 133)
Test metallicity and temperature
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
We can test metal abundance with known input
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
We can test metal abundance with known input
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
We can test metal abundance with known input
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Weak metal contributions are scattered
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Stronger metal contributions biased low
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Stronger metal contributions biased low
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Stronger metal contributions biased low
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Bias disappears in single temperature medium
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Non-equilibrium electrons can affect measured TX
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Non-equilibrium electrons can affect measured TX
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Non-equilibrium electrons can affect measured TX
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Non-equilibrium electrons can affect measured TX
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Summary
1. Cluster outskirts are bestdescribed with respect to R200m
2. Non-equilibrium electrons are apotential source of systematicuncertainties
3. Inhomogeneities in theintracluster medium contributeto observational biases
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
1. Outskirts best described with respect to R200m
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
2. Non-equilibrium electrons at lower temperatures
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
3. Inhomogeneities contribute to biases
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Summary
1. Cluster outskirts are bestdescribed with respect to R200m
2. Non-equilibrium electrons are apotential source of systematicuncertainties
3. Inhomogeneities in theintracluster medium contributeto observational biases
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
End
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts