Modelado y control de sistemas HVDC para la …...HVDC y e olica I Design, Operation and Control of...
Transcript of Modelado y control de sistemas HVDC para la …...HVDC y e olica I Design, Operation and Control of...
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Objetivo
Compartir la experiencia de la Universidad Tecnologica dePereira sobre estabilidad y control de sistemas HVDC ygeneracion eolica en alta-mar.
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HVDC y eolica
I Design, Operation and Control of Series-Connected PowerConverters for Offshore Wind Parks. Tesis doctoral,NTNU-Noruega. 2012
I HVDC, distribucion dc y micro-redes en dc
I Optimizacion de la operacion y analisis dinamico.
I Necesitamos desarrollar teorıa en ingenierıa electricapara resolver los problemas practicos.
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Necesitamos mas teorıa
I No existe tal dicotomıa entre investigacion basica einvestigacion aplicada.
I A pesar de las ventajas de las cajas negras(machine-learning, artificial intelligence), necesitamosentender los fenomenos electricos.
I Solucionar nuevos problemas implica desarrollar mas teorıa.
I Se requiere conversar entre la academia y la industria.
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Generacion eolica en alta mar
Scotland’s largest offshore wind farm officially opened. BBC Jul 20195
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Retos
I Largas distancias a la costa (HVDC)
I Estabilidad y control del sistema
I Variabilidad de la potencia generada
I Eficiencia de los convertidores
I Confiabilidad
I Densidad de potencia
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En Colombia
UPME. Plan de expansion de referencia generacion transmision2015-2029
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Electronica de potencia
I Conmutacion de lınea (LCC - CSC)
I Conmutacion forzadaI VSCI MMCI PWM-CSC, matrix, un largo etcetera...
Lcdc
cdc
Lado
dc
Lado ac
idc
iabc
vabc
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Esquema de control
STN Granja eolica
controlvDC , Q
controlvAC , f
p(t)
ac
dcdc
ac
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Turbina eolica
Generador
Gearbox
Transformador
βDFIG
∼ac
dcdc
ac
grid
PMSG
∼ acdc
dcac
grid
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Control vectorial clasico
DC
AC
VSC
AC grid
PLL
innerloop
outerloop PWM
M(θ)−1
M(θ)
controlobjective
v abc
i abc
DC
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Control de la turbina
P =1
2CpρAv
3
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 10
0.2
0.4β = 0
β = 10
β = 20
λ[pu]
Cp
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Control de potencia
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
vinicio vcortevnom
Pnom
Velocidad del viento (m/s)
Pot
enci
a(M
W)
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Control delta
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
0.5
1
1.5disponible
promedio
generada
Time
Pow
er
Sorensen, P. E., Hansen, A. D., Iov, F., Blaabjerg, F., Donovan, M. H.(2005). Wind farm models and control strategies. Denmark.Forskningscenter Risoe. Risoe-R, No. 1464(EN)
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Sistemas HVDC multi-terminal
1
2 3
45
6
=≈
=≈ ±2400MW
=≈
±2400MW
=≈
800MW
=≈
1600MW
offshorewindfarm
ac grid
ac grid
Control primario, secundario, terciario (OPF).
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Problemas de estabilidad
Sistema no-lineal / no autonomo
x = f(x, t)
Necesitamos mas teoria !!!
I Estabilidad entrada-salida.
I Control basado en pasividad.
I Sistemas Hamiltonianos.
I Teorıa de Lyapunov.
I Teorıa de Floquet.
No es difıcil, pero hay que acostumbrase !!
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Flujo de carga
Flujo de carga en redes dc no es un flujo dc
f(x) = 0
El problema es no-lineal/no-convexo!
pkvk
=∑m
gkmvm
A. Garces, ”On the Convergence of Newton’s Method in Power FlowStudies for DC Microgrids,” in IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol.33, no. 5, pp. 5770-5777, Sept. 2018, doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2018.2820430.
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Flujo de carga optimo
minimize PL(p, h, v) =
n−1∑k=0
n−1∑m=0
gkmvkvm
pk − hk(1− vk) =
n−1∑m=0
gkmvkvm ∀k ∈ N
pk(min) ≤ pk − hk(1− vk) ≤ pk(max) ∀k ∈ N
− fkm(max) ≤vk − vmrkm
≤ fkm(max)∀km ∈ E
vmin ≤ vk ≤ vmax ∀k ∈ N
Oscar.D Montoya, Walter J. Gil, Alejadro Garces, ”Optimal Power Flowon DC Microgrids: A Quadratic Convex Approximation” in IEEETransactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs
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Modelo del cable HVDC
J. Beerten, S. D’Arco and J. A. Suul, Frequency-dependent cablemodelling for small-signal stability analysis of VSC-HVDC systems, in IETGeneration, Transmission and Distribution, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 1370-1381,21 4 2016
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Analisis de estabilidad
1
2 3
45
6
=≈
=≈ ±2400MW
=≈
±2400MW
=≈
800MW
=≈
1600MW
offshorewindfarm
ac grid
ac grid
S. Sanchez, A. Garces, G. Bergna-Diaz and E. Tedeschi, Dynamics andStability of Meshed Multiterminal HVDC Networks, in IEEE Transactionson Power Systems, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 1824-1833, May 2019
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Pasividad
x = f(x, u)y = g(x, u)
u y
Sistema pasivo
H(T ) ≤ H(0) +
∫ T
0y(t)>u(t)dt
I Analisis desde el punto de vista de la energıa.
I La interconexion de sistemas pasivos genera un sistemapasivo.
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PI-pasivo
Walter Gil-Gonzalez, Oscar Danilo Montoya, Alejandro Garces, Directpower control for VSC-HVDC systems: An application of the globaltracking passivity-based PI approach, International Journal of ElectricalPower and Energy Systems, Volume 110, 2019
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Modular multi-level converter
vDC2
−vDC2
Rx
Lx
Lx
Rx
Rs LsvA
Rx
Lx
Lx
Rx
vB
Rx
Lx
Lx
Rx
vC
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Control del MMC
I Eliminar corrientes circulantes
I Diferentes esquemas de control
I Controles hıbridos
I Sistemas multi-terminal
I Aplicaciones de alta potencia
G. Bergna, A Garces, et al., ”A Generalized Power Control Approach inABC Frame for Modular Multilevel Converter HVDC Links Based onMathematical Optimization,” in IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 386-394, Feb. 2014, doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2013.2279300.
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Sistemas hıbridos
R. E. Torres-Olguin, A. Garces, M. Molinas and T. Undeland,”Integration of Offshore Wind Farm Using a Hybrid HVDC TransmissionComposed by the PWM Current-Source Converter and Line-CommutatedConverter,” in IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 28, no. 1,pp. 125-134, March 2013, doi: 10.1109/TEC.2012.2230535
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Distribucion dc y micro-redes
1 2 3
4 5
6 7 8
910
solar panel
residential user
electric vehicles
wind turbine
energy storage
AC
DC
main substationconverter
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Para concluir
I Hay muchos aspectos teoricos que merecen ser estudiados.
I Necesitamos desarrollar mas teorıa.
I La investigacion desarrollada sobre generacion eolica enalta mar puede servir como base para analizar el casoColombiano.
I Los sistemas DC son el futuro no solo en alta tension.
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Agradecimientos
I NTNU - Noruega
I Newton-Fund (UK)
I CONICET - Chile
I UNAM - Mexico
I Universidad de Zaragoza (Espana)
I IEEE
I DAAD (Alemania)
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