MODEL WORKSHEET FOR INTEGRATED

EXPERIMENT IN B.SC.ED (ZOOLOGY)

- A PROPOSAL

Dr. G. NAGARAJ

ZOOLOGY SECTION

REGIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION (N C E R T)

MYSORE- 570 006, KARNATAKA, INDIA.

E. mail: gnriem@gmail.com

Introduction

The integrated B.Sc. Ed course offered by the Regional Institute of

Education (Ajmer, Bhopal, Bhubhaneshwar and Mysore) is innovative and

prepares better teachers for school education. Students get not only the

content knowledge but also trained how to teach (methodology) the content

in school. As the course is integrated between content and method, the

experiments/ practicals also needs to be integrated with content and process/

method of learning & teaching the content.

Two dimensions of integration

Here, I am proposing a model worksheet in which integration is made

in two dimensions/ ways i.e. (1) between content and method of learning and

(2) between subjects (Chemistry, Zoology, Statistics and Computer Science).

1. Integration Between content and method of learning:

The worksheet given here is for the experiment titled ‘ESTIMATION &

COMPARISON OF HEMOGLOBIN CONTENT’. Here, along with content (i.e.

procedure for estimation of Hb) the objectives at various cognitive levels

(knowledge, understanding, application, analysis, skill, synthesis and

attitude) are also listed so that objective based learning (methodology) takes

place. In the sheet, it is also give the method of collecting, tabulating and

analyzing the data which tells the process of learning science.

2. Integration between subjects:

While doing the experiment, students recall the molecular structure

of Hb, explain the principle, chemical reaction involved in estimation of

Hb (Chemistry); the explain biological importance like functions,

deficiency disease etc. (Zoology); analyse collected data with use of

statistical techniques (Statistics); and computer (Computer Science).

Here, integration of various subjects (C, Z, S and CS) is made.

Such kind of worksheets for integrated experiments can be

developed used for better learning of Science. The model work sheet

follows:

Ex. no:Date:

ESTIMATION & COMPARISON OF HEMOGLOBIN CONTENT

Aim : (i)To estimate the hemoglobin content of human blood and (ii) to find it’s relation with sex, age, height, weight, food habits, play habits (out door games or any exercise other than regular work), socio-economic status and (profession and annual income of parents) the amount of RBC.

Objectives : On completion of this experiment, students will be able to;

Knowledge : Recall the structure and position of of Hb

Understanding : State the functions of Hb Describe the Haemoglobinometer Explain the principle involved in estimation o Hb Describe the procedure to estimate Hb Give reason for using of 0.1N HCl acid Explain the significance of the study

Application : Uses the procedures to find out Hb levels of different persons Suggests simple projects.

Analysis : Interpret the recordings (data) in terms of;

a) comparing the amount of Hb - between boys and girls,- between Vegetarian and Non-vegetarian- between players and non-playersb) Correlate the amount Hb through illustration (like – table, graph, diagram)- with height- with weight- with socio-economic status- with number of RBCs

Skill : Collect the blood accurately Stir the acid-hematin mixture carefully Read the HB content correctly. Handle the instrument safely Draw scientific diagram and label them

Synthesis : Synthesize the facts and give possible explanations for the observation.

Attitude : Objective in approach Honest in collecting and recording scientific data Observe cleanliness in activity Maintain time (punctual)

I ) ESTIMATION OF Hb

Apparatus required : Sahli’s haemoglobinometer (pipette with a 20 cu.mm mark, prickling needle, dropper, stirrer, comparator).

Reagents required : 100% Alcohol, distilled water, 0.1N HCl (1ml con Hcl +99 ml DW).

Principle :Hemoglobin is a complex substance that gives red color to RBC. It is an iron containing

protein made of large protein molecule called globin and four-ring like structure. Each contains one atom of iron heam. It helps in carrying O2 to the tissues and CO2 away from the tissues. Hence the oxygen carrying capacity of blood depends on the amount of hemoglobin it.

Hemoglobin is converted to acid hematin by the addition of N/10 or 0.1 HCl and the resulting brown color is compared to the standard brown glass in haemoglobinometer. The intensity of the brown color depends on the acid hematin which in turn depends on the amount of hemoglobin in the blood sample.

The Sahli’s haemoglobinometer consists of a standard brown glass on a comparator and a graduated tube. A special pipette is used to measure 20 cu mm of blood.

Procedure :* Place N/10 or 0.1N HCl in the graduated tube upto the 2% mark. * Draw blood upto20 cu mm mark in the pipette and transfer it to the acid in the tube and

mix the acid and blood using glass stirrer provided. * Allow it to stand for about 10 minutes to develop brown color. Complete color will be

developed only after 10 minutes so it is very essential to wait.* Then dilute the solution by using distilled water by adding two drops at a time until the

color matches with the glass plates in the comparator.* When once it matches stop adding distilled water. * Then take out the tube and record the level of solution (amount of Hb) in the tube. * Repeat the procedure 3 times and calculate the average concentration of Hb.* Report the concentration of hemoglobin in terms of gms/100 ml of blood.

Precaution :* Observe the color with the help of a constant (natural) light source.* Concentration of acid should be proper (0.1 N HCl).* Add distilled water two drops at a time (drop by drop toward the end), so that it does not

exceed the match point.* Stir the fluid after adding water drops.* Don’t rest the stirrer on table or other places during adding DW and hold it in left hand.

II ) ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION (Finding the relation between Hb content and various parameters)

* Record the observed hemoglobin content of 20 or 40 students in observation table.Observation Table

Sl.no name sex ageheight(cm)

Weight(kg)

foodhabitV/NV

play habitPl/Npl

so.ec.statusamount of RBC

Hb content

(gm)

F M

P I P I

(F-Father, M- Mother, P-Profession, I-Income,Pl- player, Npl- Non-player)

Analyze your recording on following directions:

Find out the mean difference: Is there any difference in ‘Mean of Hb content’ between male and female?

Is there any difference in ‘Mean Hb content’ between vegetarian and non-vegetarian?

Find out the correlation: When the age increases, what happens to Hb content? When the weight increases, what happens to Hb content? When the height increases, what happens to Hb content? When the socio-economic status increases, what happens to Hb content? When the number of RBC increases, what happens to Hb content?

Statistical techniques:To answer the above questions the following simple statistical techniques can be used.

The mean difference between boys and girls:

Number of Boys (NB) = --------Total Hb of boys = ---------Average HB of Boys :

=

Mean Hb of boys = ………

No. of Girls (NG) = -------Total BP of girls = -------- Average Hb of girls :

=

Mean Hb of girls = ………

Repeat the same way of analysis for- Vegetarian and non-vegetarian.- Players and non-players

Find out the correlation (illustrative, like – table, graph, diagram) between- height vs ofHb content- weight vs ofHb content - age vs ofHb content - socio-economic status vs ofHb content and- number of RBC vs ofHb content.

To find the correlation by tabulation method, write the values of height / weight / age / soc. ec. status / number of RBC in ascending order in first column. Then write the corresponding values of Hb content in the second column and analise.

To find the correlation by graphical method, plot the values of height / weight / age / soc. ec.status / number of RBC in X axis and corresponding values of Hb on Y axis. Construct and interpret the graph.

Discussion / Interpretation:

Significance of the Study:

Project:Suggest a possible and feasible project based on above study (at H.Sc and UG level)

and write the brief outline of action plan.

*****