Model United Nations - Overseas Family School · The Model United Nations event aims to ... symbol...

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Alpha Number:

Model United Nations

Interdisciplinary Unit

Grade 7, Quarter Four, 2017

Preparation and Participation Booklet

Fairness and Development

How can the United Nations Human Rights

Council help to ensure

fair development worldwide?

Name and homebase: --------------------------------------------------------------- Role(s): Ambassador Chair Co-Chair Director Delegate

State: Committee Issue Statement (copy from page 7) : ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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Index

1. OurState............................................................................................................................................42. OurLanguage...................................................................................................................................63. Ambassador'sopeningceremonyspeech..............................................................................74. Grade7MUNIDUissuestatements..........................................................................................75. Committeeissueinquiryfordelegatepairs..........................................................................86. Referencing-CriterionC:Communicating..........................................................................157. PlanningforCriterionB:SynthesisingandCriterionC:Communicating.................168. ShouldyourState(notyoupersonally)supporttheissuestatementornot?..........199. Draftresolution:...........................................................................................................................2010. Stateresolutionsreview............................................................................................................2311. Finalpreambulatoryandoperativeclauses.......................................................................2612. InterdisciplinaryPerformance...............................................................................................2714. Notesgridandprotocolwhilelisteningtootherdelegatesincommitteerooms..2815. Generaloverviewandcommitteeschedule........................................................................2916. Protocolforexchangingideaswithforeigndelegates....................................................3217. Votingprotocolandroles..........................................................................................................3319. Glossary...........................................................................................................................................34

7.01 Japan 7.02 France 7.03 Ukraine 7.04 South Africa

7.05 Turkey 7.06 Brazil 7.07 China 7.08 Russia

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The United Nations Organisation aims to

• promote faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women

• keep peace throughout the world

• develop friendly relations between nations

• work together to help people live better lives, eliminate poverty, disease and illiteracy in the world, stop environmental destruction and encourage respect for each other's rights and freedoms

The Model United Nations event aims to • allow you to participate in creating realistic solutions to some of humanity's most

important issues

• develop your understanding of a State's perspective

• develop your listening, presenting and negotiating skills

How?

• through collaborative background research with your homebase peers.

• representing your State and caucusing with other State delegates.

• focusing on finding a realistic and mutually acceptable solution to your committee room issue statement.

• sharing your State views with other State representatives

To prepare for the MUN conference you should: 1. Know the UN system. 2. Become familiar with your country's history, culture, political structure, and current

political issues. 3. Learn about your State’s viewpoints on as many of the issues that will be discussed at

the conference as you can. 4. Know your allies and your opposition. In order to adequately represent your State

during the conference, you will interact with delegates from other States. Knowing their positions on your topic will help you predict their arguments in debates.

5. Be familiar with current statistical data on your topic and State.

6. Review the rules and procedures for your conference. These rules are intended to maximise opportunities for the group to reach an agreement on the issue.

Dress code: https://www.ofs.edu.sg/resources/munofs/munofs-vii/dress-code/ Please wear an accessory, symbol or colours that represent your State culture.

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1. Our State Using the Online Research Portal collaborate with your delegate partner

Factual questions: 1. What is our national language and other major languages used in our State?

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2. What is our gross domestic product per capita (per person)?

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3. Who is our current leader and what is our current governing political party?

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4. Are we in the UN Human Rights Council? Are any of our close neighbour States in the UNHRC?

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Conceptual questions:

1. How do our human rights compare to our neighbours?

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2. How green is my State?

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3. What percentage of women are in government in my State?

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Debatable question:

1. What should be the main priority for my State to develop in the next twenty years?

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Recent significant events:

What has been happening in our State? Why have we been in the international news recently?

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2. Our Language

To develop effective intercultural communication, you need to work on certain skills. Go to the Language Acquisition web page to complete the tasks below in your Language Acquisition/First language class and reflect on your skills.

Find out what the official language(s) of your MUN country is. Use at least 2 sources of information to find the appropriate greeting in the language of your MUN country reflecting the ‘intangible culture’ of this country, which you will use during your MUN meetings. Use at least 2 sources of information to write the beginning and end of your speech IN THE LANGUAGE YOU STUDY AT OFS (LANGUAGE ACQUISITION OR FIRST LANGUAGE), as it is an official MUN OFS language.

In MUN country language:

Hello

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- In Language Acquisition/First language:

my name is... and I represent the State of...

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Thank you for listening to my State's position on this issue.

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Note: You will receive a ‘UN identity pass’ to the MUN meetings and an open-minded merit once you have mastered your speech

My MUN country’s intangible cultural information needed to support effective intercultural communication:

Fill in the approaches to learning self-reflection sheet. What skill do you still need to develop?

Source 1 Source 2

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3. Ambassador's opening ceremony speech. Collaborate to develop your State's one minute Ambassador's speech.

Include: • Greetings in your national language. (Don’t forget the intangible cultural

information to support intercultural communication).

• General introduction to your State. Unique and special features of your State in relation to Fairness and Development and the committee issue statements included in this MUN event.

• Refer to at least three of the main issues that are of particular concern for your State and what your State expects to achieve in this MUN event.

4. Grade 7 MUN IDU issue statements 1. In accordance with Article 39 of the UNSC, all States involved in the Syrian proxy war must pay reparations for all damages caused by 2020.

2. In compliance with the UN Conventions on the Rights of the Child, all States must eliminate child labour by 2020.

3. In accordance with the United Nations 1951 Refugee Convention, all States must allow unrestricted entry and support for Syrian refugees within their territories.

4. In accordance with Article 21 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, all states must ensure equal numbers of male and female government officials by 2020.

5. In accordance the United Nations Human Right to Education, all states must provide free university education for all citizens.

6. In accordance with Article 25 of the UDHR, all States must reduce nitrogen oxide emissions and improve the health of citizens by replacing all fossil fueled vehicle engines with electric (Tesla) or hydrogen powered engines by 2020.

7. In accordance with Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, all States denying people freedom to express their opinions in any form of media without censorship should be subject to a total trade embargo until freedom of expression is ensured.

8. In accordance with the UN Declaration on the Right to Development, all States must completely ban the use of coal powered electricity generation and replace it with renewable energy by 2020.

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5. Committee issue inquiry for delegate pairs Write the name of your delegate partner here:

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Copy your issue statement to the mind map below (center circle) and brainstorm aspects of your issue statement by completing the mind map.

Add notes and inquiry questions (factual, conceptual or debatable) around the issue statement to better understand the key concepts and main focus involved.

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Based on your brainstorm and working with your partners, select:

• four (4) Factual, • four (4) Conceptual and • one (1) unique Debatable inquiry questions about your issue statement.

Please reference your sources appropriately on page 14

Factual Question 1:

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Notes:

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Notes:

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Factual Question 3:

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Conceptual Question 1:

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Notes:

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Notes:

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Conceptual Question 3:

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Debatable Question: Linked to your studies of Fairness and Development across your different subjects as an Interdisciplinary Unit.

Notes:

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6. Referencing - Criterion C: Communicating

This page will be collated with your assessment booklet

Full name and homebase: ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Please refer to referencing in MLA format on the web page below: https://www.ofs.edu.sg/resources/ms-language-and-literature/cite-it-right/

Main Source for Factual Inquiry (MLA format): Main Source: hand-write the source in this box (no printing and pasting):

Main Source for Conceptual Inquiry (MLA format): Main Source: hand-write the source in this box (no printing and pasting):

Main Source for Debatable Inquiry (MLA format):

Main Source: hand-write the source in this box (no printing and pasting):

Cut along dotted line ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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7. Planning for Criterion B: Synthesising and Criterion C: Communicating Use bullet points in the Venn diagram below to show how 2 subjects helped you identify your interdisciplinary understanding of either your issue statement or the global context of Fairness and Development.

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Use bullet points in the Venn diagram below to show how 2 subjects helped you identify your interdisciplinary understanding of either your issue statement or the global context of Fairness and Development. One of the subjects may be the same as in the Venn diagram

on the previous page.

Cut along dotted line ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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8. Should your State (not you personally) support the issue statement or not?

Yes or No (circle one) Why? List three specific reasons for your State to support (or not to support) the issue statement. Reason 1:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Reason 2:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Reason 3:

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9. Draft resolution: Introduction (preambulatory) and action (operative) clauses.

a) Study this example of an MUN resolution:

General Assembly Third Committee 68th session Topic: “Elimination of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance”

The General Assembly, Alarmed at the spread in many parts of the world of various extremist political parties, movements and groups, including neo-Nazis ... as well as racist extremist movements and ideologies, Deeply concerned by all recent manifestations of violence and terrorism incited by violent nationalism, racism, xenophobia and related intolerance, Recalling that in 2015 the international community will celebrate the seventieth anniversary of victory over Nazism in the Second World War, and looking forward in this regard to the initiative to hold a special solemn meeting at the sixty-ninth session of the General Assembly,

1. Expresses deep concern about the glorification of the Nazi movement ..., including by erecting monuments and memorials and holding public demonstrations in the name of the glorification of the Nazi past, the Nazi movement and neo-Nazism;

2. Stresses that any commemorative celebration of the Nazi Waffen SS organization and its crimes against humanity, whether official or non-official, should be prohibited by States, as outlined by the Special Rapporteur in his latest report to the General Assembly;

3. Recommends the increase of measures to raise awareness among young people of the dangers of the ideologies and activities of extremist political parties, movements and groups.

"Update - National Model United Nations." 2014. 23 Nov. 2015 <http://www.nmun.org/ny_archives/ny14_downloads/BGGs/NY2014_BGG_GA3Update.pdf> (selected clauses)

b) Write the three (3) main things your State has already done or has considered about the issue statement.

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2. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- c) Now write three (3) introduction (preambulatory) clauses beginning each clause with one of the 'initiating phrases' in this list below. Do not refer to your own State in these preambulatory - they must apply to some OTHER STATES (global). Acknowledging - Affirming - Alarmed by - Aware of- Believing - Congratulating -

Declaring - Deeply concerned - Deeply convinced - Deeply regretting – Deploring

- Desiring – Emphasising - Having studied - Keeping in mind - Noting further - Noting

with appreciation - Noting with approval - Noting with deep concern - Noting with

regret - Noting with satisfaction – Observing - Pointing out – Reaffirming – Realising

– Recognising – Referring - Taking into account - Taking into consideration - Taking

note - Viewing with appreciation -Welcoming

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d) What does your State want all other States to do now? Write three (3) things your State thinks ALL OTHER STATES should do about the issue. Do not refer to your own State in these operatives - they must apply to all States and be identical for all partners in you issue group.

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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- e) Now write three (3) action (operative) clauses beginning each clause with one of the 'initiating phrases' in this list:

Accepts - Affirms – Approves - Asks – Authorises - Calls for - Calls upon - Condemns

- Congratulates – Confirms - Declares accordingly – Deplores - Designates -

Encourages - Endorses - Expresses its appreciation - Expresses its hope - Further

invites - Further proclaims - Further recommends - Further requests - Further resolves

– Hopes – Invites - Proclaims - Proposes - Recommends – Regrets - Requests -

Resolves – Seeks - Strongly affirms - Strongly condemns - Strongly urges - Suggests –

Supports – Trusts – Transmits - Urges

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2. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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10. State resolutions review.

Practice your draft resolution with your fellow delegates in your State.

• The Chairs will call a delegate assembly to review all preambulatory and operative clauses.

• Each delegate pair will present their draft resolution to the State (class) and

listening delegates will discuss points of interest and motions to amend. This is practice for the MUN day event where delegates will go to different committee rooms and present their State resolutions. This is also practice for the Chairs to run a committee room delegate assembly. Once the resolutions review begins, your teacher will talk as little as possible – all instructions and transitions from one delegate pair to the next will be organised by the committee Chair and Co-Chairs just like on the MUN day. Listen carefully to each resolution and recommend ways it can be improved for your State.

If you cannot hear say "Point of personal privilege, audibility”. If you want information repeated or explained say "Point of information to the Chair". Then the Chair will ask you to stand and state your point, at which time you can ask the Chair for more information or a repeat.

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Write any edits, comments and suggestions in the listening grid below. This will also be used on the day of the MUN event. Start with the Ambassador's speech including State language greeting.

Comments, suggestions, feedback to delegates Issue 1.

Why does the speaking delegate dis/agree with this issue?

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Issue 2.


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Issue 3. Why does the speaking delegate dis/agree with this issue?

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Issue 4.


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Issue 8.


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11. Final preambulatory and operative clauses. Based on the feedback from above, write your final resolution below: The MUN General Assembly,

Preambulatory

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Operative Clauses

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12. Interdisciplinary Performance. The Middle Years Programme uses Global Contexts to explore the natural links between subjects and the real world. Your Performance Director will coordinate the performance and be responsible for allocating roles and responsibilities to all members of the homebase. Develop a three to five (3-5) minute performance involving everyone in your State class that shows how your current study in:

• Mathematics, • Language and Literature, • Language Acquisition / First Language • Sciences • Individuals and Societies

is related to Fairness and Development. Your homebase will present this performance in the UN General Assembly final day event. Brainstorm some ideas – start with reviewing what you studied in your Quarter Four units and how they relate to Fairness and Development. During the final two weeks of the MUNIDU you will work with your Director to prepare and practise your performance. You will do this during your Music and Drama lessons (4 lessons each). The Performance Director and Assistant Director are responsible for all aspects of the performance and will delegate all roles and responsibilities.

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14. Notes grid and protocol while listening to other delegates in committee rooms.

State of Speaking Delegates

Notes for negotiations:

7.01 Japan

Does the State support your State's view? Yes / No / Not yet sure Why / not? Follow up question for clarification: Answer from delegate:

7.02 France

Does the State support your Sate’s view? Yes / No / Not yet sure Why / not? Follow up question for clarification: Answer from delegate:

7.03 Ukraine

Does the State support your State’s view? Yes / No / Not yet sure Why / not? Follow up question for clarification: Answer from delegate:

7.04 South

Africa


7.05 Turkey


7.06 Brazil


7.07 China Does the State support your State’s view? Yes / No / Not yet sure Why / not? Follow up question for clarification: Answer from delegate:

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7.08 Russia


15. General overview and committee schedule. Thursday 4th May

9 Homebase in usual rooms. Change to UN clothes during homebase

9.10 Period 1: Opening MUN General Assembly All students go to State rooms for 5 minutes only

9:15-9:20 All students go to the MS Activity Room in homebase groups for opening ceremony

9:25-9:30 General Secretary of the MUN begin proceedings when all States are ready.

9:30-9:50 Ambassadors introduce their States and delegates (with greetings etc in the most common non-English language of the State they are representing).

9:50-10:00 Formal address to MUN general assembly by invited speaker

10:05 Break time

10:25 Period 2: Delegate State Resolutions

All speaking delegates must be standing before they speak

All delegates move directly to appointed committee issue rooms.

Chairs and Co-Chairs stay in homebase committee rooms.

10:25-10:30 Chairs and Co-Chairs call session to order.

Begin session with welcoming speech and outline of proceedings and protocol for delegates to observe during session.

10:30-10:55 Chairs introduce delegates in turn and begin delegate resolution speeches.

All delegates read preambulatory and operative clauses (with greetings and endings in the State official language).

Seated delegates listen to other state views on the issue and complete listening notes. Delegates use protocol for points of information and requesting speakers to repeat points

10:55-11:25 Q&A session: All delegates repeat their State positions (whether they agree or disagree with the issue statement) and explain in plain English what they want to achieve in the UN sessions today. Delegates then ask questions for clarification and points of information.

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11.25 Period 3: Negotiations (Caucusing) (Wait for supervising teacher to change before beginning next session)

11.25–11.30 Chairs begin caucus session by explaining the bi-lateral meetings table 11.30-12.20 Each delegate pair will meet every other delegate pair for five minutes to

negotiate operative clauses (and preambulatory clauses if applicable). Delegates should try to convince the other State delegates to support their operative clauses. The issue statements can be modified or completely changed during these negotiations

12.20-12.25 Chairs close bilateral meetings and delegates make preparations for final session. 12.25 Delegates break for lunch (leave all materials in room).

12.25 Lunch time 1.25 Period 4: Final Committee Resolutions

All speaking delegates must be standing before they speak 1:25-1:30 Chairs begin final session by introducing final resolution protocol and proceedings 1:30-1:55 Any delegate nominates a single preambulatory clause.

• If the preambulatory is supported by any other delegate, it is written directly on gDocs by the Co-Chair which is projected to the entire committee. • All delegates then nominate edits to the wording of that preambulatory phrase. • All edits are carried by simple majority vote. This is repeated until three (3) preambulatory phrases are agreed on by the majority of committee delegates.

1:55-2:25 Delegates nominate single operative clauses. • If the clause is supported by any other delegate, it is written directly on gDocs by Co-Chair. • All delegates then nominate edits to the wording of that operative clause. • All edits are carried by simple majority vote. This is repeated until three (3) operative clauses are agreed on by the majority of committee delegates. Sometimes the wording of a final resolution can greatly affect the power of the resolution. For example, 3. Calls upon States to respond quickly and generously to consolidated appeals for humanitarian assistance would be very different if we changed the words 'quickly', 'generously', 'humanitarian' to read... 3. Calls upon States to respond slowly and economically to consolidated appeals for military assistance If you want to change anything in the wording of the final committee resolution you can get a hearing by raising your placard and (when recognised by the Chair) tell the Chair you want to suggest an amendment. Be very careful that these amendments by opposing States do not destroy all your hard won negotiations. All amendments are voted on as you practised in class.

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2.25 Period 5: 2nd Last Performance Rehearsal (Wait for supervising teacher to change before beginning next session)

2.25–2.30 All delegates return to their State rooms and hand in their MUNIDU booklets.

2.30-3.25 States practice their final performance. Ensure everyone has a role in the performance and that it clearly relates to the Personal and Cultural Expression Global Context. Practice microphone use and coordination

3.25-3.30 Delegates return placards and gavels and return desks to normal setup. Hand in your MUNIDU Booklet for final assessment.

Friday 5th May

9 Homebase in usual rooms. Change to UN clothes during homebase

9.10 Period 1: State Review of Final Resolutions and Delegate Vote All students go directly to State homebase rooms (not committee rooms).

9:15-9:25 Committee Chairs prepare delegates with review of voting procedures and protocol. Project final resolutions onto the main screen for all delegates to review.

9:25-10.05 All Committee Room delegates present their final resolutions from the committees for discussion, consideration and voting by all delegates from the State homebase.

10:05 Break time

10:25 Period 2: Final Performance Rehearsal

10:25-10:30 All students return to same State rooms.

10:30-11.25 All students review and rehearse the State performance. Be sure any media support is taken to the activity room before 11am.

11.25 Period 3: General Assembly Vote and Performance Presentations All delegates go to General Assembly room and sit in State groups.

11:30-11.35 General Secretary Chair will call session to order and introduce final voting event. 11:35-11.40 First Voting Session

Committee Chair from issue 1 will be invited to share their final resolutions (projected for all candidates to read) according to voting procedures. Chairs (only) from each State can vote as decided by all State delegates in period 1 – one vote per Chair only by show of Chair placards.

11.40-11.45 First IDU Presentation 7.01 All students from homebase 7.01 demonstrate their Scientific and Technical Innovation performance

11.45-11.50 Second Voting Session Committee Chair from issue 1 will be invited to share their final resolutions (projected for all candidates to read) according to voting procedures. Chairs (only) from each State can vote as decided by all State delegates in period 1 – one vote per Chair only by show of State placards as agreed in period one.

11.55-12.05 Second IDU Presentation 7.02 All students from homebase 7.02 demonstrate their Scientific and Technical Innovation performance.

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1.25 Period 4: General Assembly Vote and Performance Presentations. 1:30-2.20 Remaining Voting Sessions

Committee Chairs from issues 3 to 8 will be invited to share their final resolutions (projected for all candidates to read) according to voting procedures. After each issue vote there will be one State performance.

2.20-2.25 Closing and final comments for MUN General Assembly Chairs complete General Assembly and invite delegates to return to State rooms. Ambassadors remain to sign final copies of passed resolutions. Closing comments – return to State rooms. Return to State rooms - 2:25 Debrief and reflection led by Chairs.

16. Protocol for exchanging ideas with foreign delegates.

a. All State delegates will meet with all other State delegates at least once in this session. The meetings schedule will be projected.

b. Introduce yourself to the other delegate pair and offer to read your operative clauses again if they need to review them.

c. You will have notes about this State from the introductory session when all delegates read their resolutions.

d. Be polite and considerate in your dealing with these foreign dignitaries and refer any inappropriate negotiations to the Chair.

e. Delegate pairs will have five (5) minutes to meet and discuss the wording of their draft resolutions with their counterparts from other States. Always greet your fellow delegates in the official language and customs of your State before each negotiation.

f. Focus on the wording of your preambulatory and operative clauses specifically.

g. Explain why you wrote your resolution and why the other delegates should support your proposals.

h. Listen to the other State's reasons for their different resolution and try to negotiate a compromise where both of you are happy with the final wording.

i. If you cannot agree with a compromise, be ready to contend with that State when voting for the final draft resolution in the next session.

If you cannot hear say "Point of personal privilege, audibility”. If you want information repeated or explained say "Point of information to the Chair". Then the Chair will ask you to stand and state your point, at which time you can ask the Chair for more information or a repeat.

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17. Voting protocol and roles.

a. The delegates will read out loud and clear the resolution as it is written, which will also be projected on the screens. The Chair will then thank these delegates. The Chair will then instruct that “the House will now move into voting procedures” as follows:

b. “All those in favour of the resolution (voting ‘yes’), to please stand until instructed to sit”. The votes will be counted by the committee group and reported back to the Chair. Thank the delegates and ask them to lower their placards.

c. “All those ‘against’ the resolution (voting ‘no’), to please stand until instructed to sit”

d. Thank the delegates and ask them to lower their placards.

e. “All those ‘abstaining’ from the resolution (not voting yes or no), to please stand until instructed to sit”. Thank the delegates and ask them to lower their placards. The Chair will then count and confirm the results of the voting and report the results to the House. A simple majority vote in favour is required for the resolution to pass.

f. If a resolution passes, thus being adopted by the House, then the Chair will advise “This resolution has passed. Clapping is in order.”

g. If a resolution does not pass the Chair will announce that “Clapping is NOT in order as the House has failed to find a solution”.

h. Passed resolutions will then be signed by the representatives who presented the resolution and by the Secretary General.

i. The voting procedures will be repeated for each of the committee resolutions.

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19. Glossary

1. abstaining Not voting. This generally signals that a country does not support the resolution being

voted on, but does not oppose it enough to vote no.

2. amendment A suggested change to a resolution, intended to make it better.

3. caucusing When the chair allows time for direct discussion between delegates about the current debate topic.

4. chair The student officer currently presiding over the session.

5. closed debate Chair sets a separate for and against debate time. Closed debates are conducted when debating on an amendment.

6. coalition Building a group that works together on pushing forward a resolution.

7. follow-up A secondary question after receiving an answer to a point of information.

8. lobby Negotiation with other delegates to support your proposals.

9. motions Delegate asking for something to happen.

10. open debate Delegates may take the floor to speak for or against the resolution. Open debate is conducted when debating on a resolution as a whole; amendments can be submitted at any time.

11. operative clause Operative clauses offer solutions to issues addressed earlier in a resolution through the preambulatory section. These clauses are action oriented and should include both an underlined verb at the beginning of your sentence followed by the proposed solution.

12. order A call to return to formal processes and decorum.

13. order of the day A call to return the debate to the main topic.

14. point of information A question; this phrase is used to request information from the speaker or chair.

15. preambulatory clause

The preamble of a draft resolution states the reasons for which the committee is addressing the topic and highlights past international action on the issue. Each clause begins with a present participle (called a preambulatory phrase) and ends with a comma.

16. resolution A document that describes a problem and puts forward solutions to it

17. speaker The delegate who currently has permission to address the committee.

18. voting procedures The formal process of delegates casting their vote.

19. yield the floor The delegate speaking (who has the floor) gives it up and passes it either back to the chair or to another delegate.

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