Model United Nations

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What is United Nations?

In 1945, representatives of 50 countries met in San Francisco – USA at the United Nations Conference on International Organization to draw up the United Nations Charter. It was ratified by China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, the United States and a majority of other signatories. As a result, the United Nations officially came into existence on 24 October 1945.

The United Nations has been working with international leaders in three major areas - Human Rights, Peace Keeping, and Sustainable Development. In September of 2000 at the Millennium Summit, the largest gathering of world leaders in history, adopted the UN Millennium Declaration, committing their nations to a new global partnership to reduce extreme poverty and setting out a series of time-bound targets, with a deadline of 2015, which have become known as the Millennium Development Goals.

The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are the world's time-bound and quantified targets for addressing extreme poverty in its many dimensions-incomes, poverty, hunger, disease, lack of adequate shelter, and exclusion-while promoting gender equality, education, and environmental sustainability. They are also basic human rights- the rights of each person on the planet to health, education, shelter, and security.

Millennium Development Goals (MDGS) is a shared vision among all international leaders. Because of these goals, they all know what development is about and they all know what needs to be done.

UN Millennium Development Goals

Goal 01= Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger

Goal 02 = Achieve Universal Primary Education

Goal 03: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women

Goal 04: Reduce Child Mortality

Goal 05: Improve Maternal Health

Goal 06: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Diseases

Goal 07: Ensure Environment Stability

Goal 08: Develop a Global Partnership for Development

What is United Nations Association?

A peoples' movement in support of the United Nations.         Inspired by the opening words of the United Nations Charter "We the Peoples", the World Federation was created in 1946 - one year after the establishment of the UN.

Today, it has become a global network of hundreds of thousands of people linked together through  United Nations Associations in over 100 member states of the UN.    Its networks enable people to connect with each other on critical global issues affecting us all, from peace and human rights to the spread of democracy, equitable development, and international justice.

United Nations Associations exist in 102 countries

37 European countries

Albania, Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Estonia, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.

24 Asian Pacific countries

Afghanistan, Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Kyrgyz Republic, Lebanon, Malaysia, Nepal, New Zealand, Pakistan, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Samoa, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Syria, Thailand and Yemen.

21 African countries

Benin, Burundi, Cameroon, Comoros, Egypt, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda and Zambia.

11 North American countries

Barbados, Canada, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Haiti, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Trinidad & Tobago and United States of America.

09 South American countries

Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela.

Model United Nations

Model United Nations benefits to students

• Allows students to practice diplomacy, negotiation, and policy writing

• Exposes students to global viewpoints that would otherwise remain foreign to them

• Highlights the benefits of international cooperation and concern for the welfare of humanity regardless of national borders.

• Educates students to play an active role as a community members in finding solutions to the challenges our world faces

•Encourages students to become global citizens with a strong commitment to peace

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What is Model United Nations?

• MUN is a model version of the real UN.

• It’s an activity where students from all over the world attend international conferences and discuss issues of global importance, trying to bring solutions to them.

• Students represent different nations, and defend their points of view in the discussions that take place.

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The Typical Overview of a Committee

Chairperson(s)The podium (a.k.a. “the

Floor”) Delegates

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Committee Session

• The chairs are the people who direct the debate/discussion.

• Delegates can make speeches by “taking the floor”: i.e. by approaching the podium. After speech, they can also answer questions.

• In every debate, the chairperson determines the following:– A set time available to make speeches– A set number of questions that can be

answered by the speechmaker, after his/her speech.

– If necessary, the type of debate to be carried out (please see next slide for details)

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Types of committee debate• There are 3 types of debate that take place in MUN.• Formal Debate

– All parliamentary procedures are in place. This basically means this will be a structured debate where a speaker will ‘take the floor’, make a speech, perhaps answer 1 or 2 questions, and return to their seat.

– Speaker’s List in order: A list of delegates wishing to speak will be created at the beginning of debate, and during the debate, this list will be followed.

– Delegates cannot talk among themselves.– Delegates may send notepapers to each other, if

a “messenger” or “admin staff” available.

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Types of committee debate

• Moderated Caucus– Almost all parliamentary procedures still in place.– Speaker’s List not in order: After each speech,

when the delegate returns to his/her seat, the chair will ask: “Are there any delegates wishing to take the floor?”, and then will call on one delegate. This process will be repeated throughout the debate.

– Extremely similar to Formal Debate.• Un-moderated Caucus:

– Delegates are free to talk, roam around the room and discuss.

– No formal parliamentary procedure in place. (ie. Free discussion time.)

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Mode of Conduct

• Respect the Chair and fellow delegates:– “Your Excellency Mr. President…”, “Honourable Chair”,

“Distinguished Chairs” or similar. (while referring to the Chair.)

– “Honourable Delegate” or “Honourable Delegate of Switzerland” (while referring to other delegates)

– Remember that only the Chair can authorise speeches, and points of information (ie. questions) (details coming up

• No use of 1st person at any time:

– “I think this resolution is...” WRONG.– “We think...” OR “Spain thinks that…” CORRECT.– Exception: To leave the podium, the delegate must say “I

yield my time back to the chair” if he/she has any time left. If not, “I yield the floor back to the chair”

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Important Model UN Procedural Vocabulary• Delegate: Representative of a nation.

• The Floor: The floor is the podium, where delegates make speeches and answer questions.

• Placard: A piece of plastic or cardboard that has the name of the country written on it in bold and large letters. Every delegate has a placard. These are used extensively during debate, to request to make speeches and during voting.

• The House: The committee is called the house.

• “No commotion on the floor” / “Will the house please come to order”: The chair is telling the delegates to sit down and stop talking!

• To Second: To agree with something.

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Important Model UN Procedural Vocabulary• Speaker’s List: List of nations that signalled to the

chair that they want to make a speech. This will be written on the board for all delegates to see.

• Voting by roll call: In typical voting, delegates raise their placards when asked whether they are “in favour” or “against” the specific thing that is being voted. The chair counts placards to determine outcome of vote. (“Abstain”ing may or may not be in order.)

In roll call voting, the chair calls on each nation separately, one by one, and each nation will state whether they are “in favour”, or “against” (‘Abstain’ing may or may not be in order.)

• Agenda: The topic of discussion.

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Motions and Points

• During debate, delegates can suggest several actions, which are called “points” and “motions”.

• In general, these can never interrupt a speaker.

• If a delegate wishes to make a point, he/she is supposed to raise his/her placard and state his/her point. The delegate will then be recognised by the Chair, and the delegate will rise and state his/her point.

• If other delegates agree with a motion, they will shout "Second!”

• Delegates that do not agree with a motion may shout "Objection!“

• A point cannot be seconded. (because there is no need to.)

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Motions and Points

• Point of order:– If a mistake is made during a debate, by the

Chair or by a delegate it is in order for a delegate to use this point.

• Point of information to the Chair:– This is a question from a delegate directed to the

Chair, when something is unclear during debate, the delegate may use this point.

• Point of information:– A point of information is basically a question. It is

directed to the speaker who at that moment has the floor. Points of information are always questions concerning the contents of the debate.

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Motions and Points

• Point of personal privilege:– This point is the only point that may interrupt a

delegate or the Chair while they are speaking. You would make use it if there is an audibility problem, ie. if you cannot hear the speaker.

• Point of parliamentary inquiry:– If some kind of confusion occurs and the delegate is

not sure what to do next during the debate he may use this point. The delegate could, for example, ask whether it is in order to abstain on an amendment.

• Calls for the orders of the day:– During a debate delegates sometimes tend to speak

about things that are irrelevant to the actual topic. The delegate can then use this point to ask the Chair to return to the actual agenda.

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Motions and Points

• Motion to move (directly) into voting procedures:

– Sometimes delegates feel that there is nothing to say about a resolution anymore, however debating time has not elapsed yet. Now the delegate may use this motion. If there are no objections the house will directly move into voting.

• Motion to extend debating time:

– This motion is used when a delegate feels that there is not been enough time to discuss a resolution. When debating time has elapsed delegates may use this motion. The Chair will then decide if this is in order or not.

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Motions and Points

• Motion to call for a division of the house:– Sometimes the difference in number of votes in

favour and against a resolution or an amendment is very small. A delegate may use this motion then. There will be a recount. Should the difference still be marginal, every country will be called up and the delegates will have to state their vote again.

• Motion to table the resolution:– If a delegate feels that a resolution is so bad, that it

is not worth discussing it, he may raise this motion. There then will be a vote and if the majority of the forum agrees to table the resolution, it will be put aside and may be discussed later on. But it basically means the "death" of the resolution. Tabling a resolution should be avoided.

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Documents in MUN

Position Paper

Working Paper

Draft Resolution

• Position Paper is prepared before coming to conference ( a few days-weeks before.)

• Paper that summarizes your nation’s position on the issue.

• Prepared either before or during the conference.• It is edited during the conference. It’s a draft

document that is similar to a resolution in format. It’s a document summarizing your recommended solutions.

• Can be edited together with other delegates/nations.

• Created during the conference. Numerous delegates combine their draft working papers and create a document that highlights all the solutions to the problem. This is called a draft resolution.

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Chronology of Typical Formal Debate

1. The Agenda and first topic to discuss set by Chair.

2. Speaker’s List created. (delegates who wish to speak raise their placards and their names are recorded by the chair.)

3. Formal debate will begin. First delegate on the list will be recognized by the chair (ie. They will take the floor, upon hearing “Germany, you have the floor” or “Germany, you have been recognized”)

4. Speech will be made by delegate, and maybe one or two points of information answered. Then delegates returns to seat (“I yield my time back to the chair” or “I yield the floor back to the chair.”)

5. Process repeated until Speaker’s List exhausted.

6. Un-moderated caucus or moderated caucus follow.

What does it look like?

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i9Rwhw-L2iU

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OFFICERS

• President

• Vice President

• Secretary General

• Secretary

• Public Relations Officer

• Treasurer

• Interviews Next Week by Apt

• Meetings on Wednesday27