MODEL TREE CANOPY COVER MANAGEMENT …balancedgrowth.ohio.gov/Portals/0/BLLUP/Tree Cover Mgmt...CSU...

ModelTreeCanopyCoverRegulationDiscussionDocument11-14-16

1

K.Date

CSUCenterforCommunityPlanningandDevelopmentLevinCollegeofUrbanAffairs

Co-sponsoredbytheOhioBalancedGrowthProgram

MODELTREECANOPYCOVERMANAGEMENTREGULATION

PublicDiscussionDocument11-14-16


2

MODELTREECANOPYCOVERMANAGEMENTREGULATIONPublicDiscussionDocument11-1-16INTRODUCTIONTOTHEDISCUSSIONDOCUMENTThisversionofamodelregulationforTreeCanopyCoverManagementhasbeendevelopedforthepurposesofdiscussionwithcommunityleaders,arborists,technicalexperts,andthedevelopmentcommunityinOhio.Ithasnotyetreceivedfulllegalreviewand/orendorsementoradoptionbyanyentity.Thismodelrepresentsastrongdeparturefromtraditionaltreeprotectionregulations.Itdoesnotrequireprotectionofanyclassoftrees.Insteaditfocusesonthestormwater,healthandsafetybenefitsoftreesincommunitiesoverthelongterm.Qualityofthetreelivingenvironmentisprioritizedovertreesizeandretention.Specificdecisionsaboutthebalanceofpreservedandnewtreesondevelopmentsites,andwhichtreesarepreserved,arelargelylefttothediscretionoftheapplicant,withinoverall30-yearperformancestandards.Negotiationandevaluationoftradeoffs,particularlycost,areencouraged.Recognizingtheextensivehealthandsafety,economicandpropertybenefitsthatresultfromestablishedurbanforests,thisdraftwaspreparedwithinputfromprofessionalpublicandprivateindustryarborists,watershedandstormwaterexperts,andmunicipalleaders.Alistofparticipatingadvisorsisgivenbelow.Itishopedthatfurtherdiscussionwillhelptorefinetheelementsofatreecanopycovermanagementregulationthatcanmaximizethebenefitstocommunities,families,businesses,andpropertyowners.Formoreinformation,contact:KirbyDate,AICP,RLACenterforCommunityPlanningandDevelopmentMaxineGoodmanLevinCollegeofUrbanAffairsClevelandStateUniversityTel.216-687-5477k.date@csuohio.eduAcknowledgements:Thefollowingadvisors’inputwasinvaluableindevelopingthisdocument:ChadClink,HoldenArboretumClairePosius,CuyahogaSoilandWaterConservationDistrictColbySattler,WesternReserveLandConservancy

TylerStevenson,OhioDepartmentofNaturalResourcesRalphWaszak,VillageofRichfield,OhioDanYarnell,CityofWooster,OhioChristinaZnidarsic,ChagrinRiverWatershedPartners


3

MODELTREECANOPYCOVERMANAGEMENTREGULATIONPublicDiscussionDocument11-14-16

Commentary:UseoftheModelRegulation.Pleasenotethatthisisamodelregulation,whichincludesbothregulationlanguage,andcommentaryexplainingtheapproach,providingresourcesandlinks,andoutliningoptionsavailableatvariouspoints.RegulationLanguageisprovidedinRomanType.Commentaryisprovidedinitalics,andisnotintendedtobeincludedinthefinalregulationlanguage.ThisregulationisdraftedwithafocusonmunicipalitiesinOhio.ApplicabilitytoOhiotownships,andanyadaptationthatisappropriate,willbeexploredduringthisdiscussionperiod.Thisregulationlanguageisamodelandcontainsmanyblanks.Decisionpointsarehighlightedbycommentaryinitalics.ThismodellanguageMUSTbetailoredtomeettheneeds,legalrequirements,andinterestsofeachindividualcommunity,inconcertwiththeirlegalandplanningadvisors.Valueoftreesincommunities.Treeshavebeenproventoprovidesignificanteconomic,environmental,andsocialbenefitstothecommunitieswheretheyarelocated.Overallpercentageofhealthytreecover,inparticular,isshowntomakeacleardifferenceinstormwatermanagement,humanhealthandlivingenvironment,andpropertyvalues.Itisbecomingmoreandmoreevidentthatahealthyandlong-termviableurbantreecanopysuppliesmanyhealth,safetyandeconomicbenefitstocommunityresidentsandbusinesses.Formoreinformation,see:http://www.americanforests.org/our-programs/urbanforests/whywecare/http://forestsforwatersheds.org/Typesoftreeprotectionregulations.Therearefourdifferentwaysthatcommunitiescanaddresstheviabilityoftreesinthelandscape:1)streetandpublictreeordinances,2)woodlot/forestcoverprotectionordinances,3)treemanagementonprivateandpublicdevelopmentandredevelopmentsites,and4)protectionofsolaraccessandviews.Thismodelregulationaddressesmanagementoftreesonprivateandpublicdevelopmentandredevelopmentsites,andisintendedtobeinsertedintoacommunity’sdevelopmentregulations(planning,zoningandsubdivisionregulations).Overallsimplifiedperformanceapproach.Traditionaltreeprotectionregulationsfocusonblanketrequirementsforinventoryandprotectionofalltreesoveracertainsizeortrunkdiameter,withoutattentiontospecies,health,ordevelopmentgoals.Thisnewmodeltakesaverydifferentapproach,statingperformancegoalsforoveralltreecoverdependingontypeofdevelopment,andleavingdecisionsaboutindividualtreeprotectionornewplantingtothedeveloperanddesigner,informedbyanalysisoftreespeciesandhealth,location,constructiontolerance,structuralintegrity,anddevelopmentgoals.Specificgoalsforindividualtreeprotectionarelimitedtoverylargeandsignificanttrees,calledSignificantCanopyTrees,


4

whichareidentifiedearly;alltreeresourcesaresubjecttoacost-benefitanalysiscomparingprotectionvsremovalandreplacement.Theintentisnottosaveeverytreeonaparticularproperty,buttoprovideforthehealth,safetyandeconomicbenefitsprovidedbytreesforthelongtermacrossacommunity.Recommendedcommunityurbanforestmanagementplan.Itisrecommendedthateachcommunityconductanoverviewoftheexistingandpasttreecanopycoverintheircommunity,andgainanunderstandingoftheexistingcharacterandhealthoftheirtreecanopycover,itsroleinstormwatermanagement,changesovertime,roleinpropertyvaluesandenergyconservation,andcontributiontocommunitycharacter.Therearemanysoftwareoptionsavailabletoassistwithsuchananalysis.Suchanevaluationcanbeusedasabasisfordevelopmentoftreecanopycoverstrategiesrelatedtodevelopment,parks,andstreettreescommunitywide,andwhichcanthenbeincorporatedintothisregulation.Formoreinformation,see:http://www.americanforests.org/bigtrees/forestry-measurement-tools/http://www.americanforests.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Click-here-to-download-the-Urban-Forest-Assessments-Resource-Guide-as-a-PDF-3.pdfhttp://www.itreetools.org/resources/content/guide_to_assessing_urban_forests_nrs_inf_24_13.pdfEfficientdesignofwoodedsites.Itshouldbenotedthatonwoodedresidential,commercialandorindustrialsubdivisionsites,averyefficientwayofmeetingcanopycoverrequirementswouldbetoimplementaconservationdevelopmenttypeofPlannedUnitDevelopmentcode,whichallowsforconsolidationofdevelopmentononepartofasiteinordertosetasideblocksofuntouchedopenspaceinotherpartsofthesite.40%ormoreofasitecanbepreservedinthisway,includingitscanopycover,forverylowcostandincreasedefficiencyofdevelopmentlayout.Insuchcases,theproceduresinthisregulationwillbehelpfulinidentifyingpriorityareasforprotection,andforensuringthelongevityofthetreesprotectedduringandafterconstruction,aswellasthelongevityofnewlyplantedtrees.Partsoftheregulation.Thisregulationincludesfourbasiccomponents,correspondingtotheconceptual,preliminary,constructiondocument,andconstructionmonitoringphasesofdevelopment:1) Conceptualstage.ATreeResourceEvaluationReport,whichcanbebriefdependingondevelopmentgoalsandthesite,ispreparedbyaqualifiedprofessionalarboristtoassesstreesonthesiteandmakerecommendationsregardingprotectionandnewtreeplanting.2) PreliminaryPlanstage.AdraftTreeManagementPlanisdeveloped,showingtreestobeprotected,andnewtreestobeplanted,andprojectingfuturetreecanopycoverat30yearsofage3) FinalConstructionPlansstage.TheTreeManagementPlanisfinalized,andspecificationsprovidedfortreeprotectionandbarriers,soilamendment,andnewtreeplanting4) Constructionstage.Treeprotectionbarriers,asapplicable,areplaced,andmonitoringisprovidedduringconstruction.


5

Monitoringisalsoprovidedforamaintenanceperiodafterconstructioniscomplete.Theregulationrestsonperformancestandardsfortreecanopycoveronthesitein30years.Inaddition,provisionsareincludedforvariancesandenforcementoftheregulation.5) Post-constructionmonitoring.Provisionsaredescribedformonitoringforastandardperiodafterconstructioncompletion,similartomanagementoflandscapeinstallations.Inaddition,provisionsareincludedforvariancesandenforcementoftheregulation.


6

RESOLUTION____________

Date____________WHEREAS,TheInternationalSocietyofArboricultureGuidelinesforDevelopingandEvaluatingTreeOrdinancesrecommendsthatjurisdictionsregulatetreecanopycoverageratherthanindividualtrees;andWHEREAS,TheCity/Villageof_______________recognizesthemultiplefunctionsoftreecanopyondevelopmentareasintheurbanenvironment,includingmeasuresofhealthandsafetyprovidingfiltrationofon-sitesurfacewaterandgroundwaterpriortore-entryintotheCity/Village’swaterways,reducingsoilerosionbyprovidingvegetatedareastoreducestormwaterrunoff,improvingairquality,reducingbuildingenergyneeds,providingabufferfornoise,reducingurbanheatislandeffects;aswellasprovidingareservoirforcarbonsequestration,providinghabitatforurbanwildlife,andimprovingthecommunity’saestheticenvironment;andWHEREAS,currentscientificresearchandnationalstandardsintheUnitedStatesprovideinformationontreespeciesconstructiontolerance,treelongevityundervaryingconditions,treecanopysizeatmaturity,andusingamixofdifferenttreespecieswhenplacingtreesintolandscapinginordertoincreasethetreecanopy’sresistancetopestinfestations,diseaseandvaryinghydrologyandclimateconditions;onwhichregulationsandrequirementscanbebased;andWHEREAS,scientificresearchandnationalstandardsintheUnitedStatessupportthenecessityofpropersoilprotection,preparationandamendmentinordertoprovideforhealthandlongevityofexistingandnewlyplantedtreesondevelopmentsites,therebyprotectingthedevelopmentinvestment;andWHEREAS,the___________SoilandWaterDistrict;the______________WatershedPartnership;theOhioDepartmentofNaturalResources;theOhioEPA;theUSEPA;and_________recommendprotectionandenhancementoftreecanopyforthelongtermasanimportantpartofacomprehensivewatershedprotectionstrategytoabsorbandmoderatestormwaterflows,filterstormwater,reduceheatislandeffects,andenhancepropertyvaluesandcommunityqualityoflife;andWHEREAS,theCounciloftheCity/Villageof__________________hasreviewedandadoptedtherecommendationsoftheabovegovernmentagencies,andtheCouncilfindsthatinordertoreduceandmanagestormwaterrunoffandtheneedforcostlyengineeringsolutionstoprotectstructuresandreducepropertydamageandthreatstothesafetyofwatershedresidents;toprovideforenergycostmanagement,andreducedheatislandeffectonCity/Villagehomesandbusinesses;toprotectandenhancethescenicbeautyoftheCity/Village;andtopreservethecharacteroftheCity/Village,thequalityoflifeoftheresidentsoftheCity/Village,andcorrespondingpropertyvalues,itisnecessaryandappropriatetoensureprotectionandenhancementoftreecanopycoverintheCity/Village;


7

WHEREAS,ArticleXVIII,Section3oftheOhioConstitutiongrantsmunicipalitiesthelegalauthoritytoadoptlanduseandcontrolmeasuresforpromotingthepeace,health,safety,andgeneralwelfareofitscitizens;and,WHEREAS,40C.F.R.Parts9,122,123,and124,referredtoasNPDESStormWaterPhaseII,requiredesignatedcommunities,includingtheCity/Villageof____________,todevelopaStormWaterManagementProgramtoaddressthequalityofstormwaterrunoffduringandaftersoildisturbingactivities.NOW,THEREFORE,BEITORDAINEDbytheCounciloftheCity/Villageof___________,Countyof__________,StateofOhio,that:CodifiedordinanceChapterXX,TreeCanopyCoverManagement,isherebyadoptedtoreadintotalasfollows:

XX.00TREECANOPYCOVERMANAGEMENTXX.10PURPOSEXX.11Overallobjective.Thisordinanceseekstomaintainanoverall____%canopycoveragecommunitywide,throughretentionofexistingtreecanopyandmajortrees,ensuringadequatesoilresourcestosupporttreelongevity,andsupplementalplantingsifneeded,onalldevelopmentandredevelopmentsites,whileprovidingflexibilityfordeveloperstomeetsitedevelopmentgoals.Commentary:Thisoverallcanopycoverpercentageisbrokendownbyzoningdistrictlaterintheregulation.Heretheoveralldesirablecoverisgivenasapurposeoftheregulation.Percentagesthatareappropriateforaparticularareaofacommunity,andthecommunityoverall,canvarywidelydependingonthecommunitylocationandclimate;densityofdevelopment;soilconditions;andotherfactors.Percentagesmayrangefrom10to40%.Itishighlyrecommendedthatattheleast,acommunityanalyzeexistingcanopycoverineachzoningdistrict,andpossibletreecanopycover,anddeterminereasonablegoalsforcanopycovertobeachievedforeacharea,andoverall.Seefurthercommentaryunderperformancestandardsbelow.XX.12Specificpurposes.Thepurposesofthisregulationareto:1) Save,maintainandestablishtreecanopyforthebenefitofpresentandfutureresidentsoftheCity/Village,recognizingthelongtermhealthandsafety,propertyprotection,economic,environmentalandcommunitybenefitsprovidedbytreecanopycover;2) Maximizetreecanopyretentionandestablishment;3) Establishprocedures,standardsandrequirementstominimizethelossanddisturbanceofoveralltreecanopyasaresultofdevelopment;and4) SupporttheCity/Village’seffortsincompliancewiththerequirementsoftheEPAPhaseIIrules,asenforcedbytheOhioEPA.


8

XX.20DEFINITIONSCommentaryThesedefinitionsalignwiththoseoftheAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute(ANSI)SpecificationA300forTreeCareOperations,Parts1through9.(InternationalSocietyofArboriculture,n.d.-a)Seethereferencesforcitation.Itisrecommendedthatthesedefinitionsbeintegratedintothedefinitionssectionoftheoverallcode,verifyingandcorrectinganyduplicationand/orconflictwithotherdefinitions.Notethattherearetwozoneareasdefinedinthissection:TheCriticalRootZoneisdesignatedintheTreeResourceEvaluationReportinordertosupportdecisionmakingfortreecanopymanagement.ItisdeterminedbytheArboristbasedontreespeciesandcharacteristics,andmaybeupto3timesthedriplinediameterofthetree.TheTreeProtectionZoneisabarrier-protectedareaontheconstructionsitethatreceivesspecialconstructionconsiderationsinordertoprotecttheCriticalRootZoneandanyadaptationoftherootprotectionareaasdesignatedbytheArborist.Thefollowingtermshavethemeaningsasdefined.XX.201 Approved.AnyactionwhichhasthewrittenapprovalandagreementoftheCity/VillageortheCity/Village’sdesignatedrepresentative.XX.202 Arborist.Anindividualengagedintheprofessionofarboriculturewho,throughexperience,educationandrelatedtraining,possessesthecompetencetoprovidefor,orsupervisethemanagementof,treesandotherwoodyplants.XX.203City/VillageRepresentative.TheCity/VillageEngineer,PlanningDirector,ZoningInspector,orotherpersonauthorizedtoactonbehalfoftheCity/Villageforthepurposesofadministrationofthisregulation.XX.204City/VillageReviewingBody.TheCity/VillageCouncil,PlanningCommission,ZoningCommission,ZoningBoardofAppeals,CityShadeTreeCommission,orotheradministrativeordecisionmakingbody,asdesignatedbytheCity/VillageCouncilforthepurposesofadministrationofthisregulation.XX.205ContributingCanopyTree.AnytreethatissmallerthanaSignificantCanopyTreeasmeasuredbycircumferenceatdbh,butlargerthan18”dbh.XX.206ContributingCanopyTreeGroupings.Generalareasofcontributingtreesofsimilarcharacter(similarinsize,age,species,health,and/orconstructiontolerance)onthesite.XX.207CriticalRootZone(CRZ).Theminimumvolumeofrootsnecessarytohavefortreehealthandstability,asidentifiedforeachspeciesintheTreeResourceEvaluationReportandtheTreeCanopyManagementPlan.


9

XX.208DiameterBreastHeight(DBH).Measurementoftrunkdiametertakenat4.5feet(1.4meters)offtheground.XX.209Dripline.Thesoilsurfacedelineatedbythebranchspreadofasingleplantorgroupofplants.XX.210InvasiveSpecies.Speciesthatarebothnon-native(oralien)totheecosystemunderconsiderationandwhoseintroductioncausesorislikelytocauseeconomicorenvironmentalharm,orharmtohumanhealth.Commentary:ThisdefinitionisbasedontheNationalInvasiveSpeciescouncildefinition.Refertohttp://ohiodnr.gov/invasivespeciesformoreinformationoninvasivespeciesinOhio.Forfurtherinformationoninvasivesincludinginsects,alsoseeTheOhioDepartmentofAgricultureplanthealthwebpagehttp://www.agri.ohio.gov/plant/?div=plantpest.htmXX.211LandDisturbingActivity.Anyearthmovement,changeinsitehydrology,orlandchangewhichmayresultinsoilerosionfromwaterorwind,orthemovementofsedimentintothewatersoftheState,orontooffsitelands,includingtilling,clearing,grading,excavating,stripping,stockpiling,filling,andrelatedactivities,andcoveringlandwithpavementorotherconstruction.XX.212Limitsofdisturbance.Aclearlydesignatedareawithinwhichlanddisturbanceisplannedtooccur.XX.213ProtectionZoneBarriers.Substantialdevicessuchasfencingorbermswithsignagetodefineandlimitaccesstotreeprotectionzones,orsoilprotectionzones,asappropriatetoaccomplishthegoalsoftheTreeCanopyManagementPlan.XX.214SignificantCanopyTree.AtreedesignatedasanOhioChampionTreebytheOhioDepartmentofNaturalResources,oranytree35%ormoreofthecircumferenceatdbhoftheOhioChampionTreeforitsspecies.Commentary:AnOhioChampionTreeisthesinglelargesttreeofitsspeciesknowntoexistinOhio.Bychoosingastandardthatis35%ofthistree’ssizeforeachspecies,aspecies-adjustedstandardisgiventhataddressestheoutstandingspecimenslikelytoappearondevelopmentsites.Acommunitymaywanttoevaluatethebeststandardfortypicaltreespecimensintheirjurisdiction,andadjustthisnumber.Thegoalistosetaspecialstandardofreviewforthefewoutstandingtreesonasite,whileallowingforareasonablecost-benefitanalysisofthebestwaytomeetoveralltreecanopygoalssitewide.IdeallythesegoalswouldbesetinaCommunityUrbanForestManagementPlan,basedonknowntreecharacteristicsinthecommunity.TheOhioDNRsiteforOhioChampionTreesislocatedat:http://forestry.ohiodnr.gov/Portals/forestry/pdfs/BigTrees/NativeOhioChamps.pdf


10

XX.214Tree.Awoodyplantusuallyhavingadominanttrunkortrunksandamatureheightgreaterthan15feet(4.5meters).XX.215Treecanopycover.Thecombinedareaofthecrownsofalltreesonthesite,includingtreesinforestedareas.XX.216TreeCrown.Upperpartofatree,upwardofthelowestbranch,includingallbranchesandfoliage.XX.217TreeProtectionZone(TPZ).Theareasurroundingatreedefinedbyaspecifieddistance,inwhichexcavationandotherconstruction-relatedactivitiesshallbeavoided.TheTPZisvariabledependingonspecies,factors,ageandhealthoftheplant,soilconditions,andproposedconstruction,andasdesignatedinthesiteTreeCanopyManagementPlan.ThezoneshallbedemarcatedbyphysicalProtectionZoneBarriers.XX.30APPLICABILITYXX.31 GeneralApplicability.Unlessnotedunderexemptionsbelow,thisregulationappliestoalldevelopmentprojectsinvolvingsitelanddisturbanceoverone(1)ormoreacresoftotalland,orlessthanone(1)acreifpartofalargercommonplanofdevelopmentorsaledisturbingone(1)ormoreacresoftotalland,orwheneverlanddisturbanceaspartofdevelopmentrequiringaComprehensiveStormwaterManagementPlanoccurs.The[communityrepresentative]mayrequiretreecanopycovermanagementonsitesdisturbinglessthan1acre.ThisregulationappliestoallzoningdistrictsintheCity/Village.NoapprovalsorpermitswillbegrantedbytheCity/Villagewithoutfullcompliancewiththetermsofthisregulation.Commentary:The1-acrerequirementparallelstheapplicabilityrequirementofmodelstormwaterregulationsinuseacrossOhio,andalignswiththestormwatermanagementrequirementsoftheOhioEPA,andtheanticipatedstormwaterbenefitsthatareprovidedbytreecoverwithinthecommunityandonindividualsites.XX.32Exceptions.Thisregulationdoesnotapplyto:1) Anytreenursery,silviculturalactivityoragriculturalactivity,definedas“agriculture”bytheOhioRevisedCode.2) Cuttingorclearingtreesinautilityorroadright-of-way.However,allsuchoperationsshallbedoneinordertominimizelossoftreecover.3) Routineoremergencymaintenanceofanexistingstormwatermanagementfacility,includinganexistingaccessroad,orotheremergencyasdesignatedbytheCity/Villagerepresentative.


11

Commentary:TheTreeCoverManagementPlanmayoutlinefurtherdetailonemergencymanagementoftreeresources,andotherexceptions.AgriculturedefinitionsintheOhioRevisedCodefallinsections1.61,303.01,and519.01.XX.40CONFLICTSANDSEVERABILITYCommentary:ThissectionshouldbereviewedbytheCity/Village’slegalrepresentationtoensurethatitisconsistentwithotherprovisionsoftheCity/Village’scode,andreferstotheappropriatesectionsandprovisionsinthecodesandregulations.XX.41Conflicts.Wherethisregulationimposesagreaterrestrictionuponlandthanisimposedorrequiredbyanyotherprovisionoflaw,regulation,contract,ordeed,theprovisionsofthisregulationshallcontrol.Thisregulationshallnotlimitorrestricttheapplicationofotherprovisionsoflaw,regulation,contract,ordeed,orthelegalremediesavailablethereunder,exceptasprovidedinSection____ofthisregulation.XX.42Severability.Ifanyclause,section,orprovisionofthisregulationisdeclaredinvalidorunconstitutionalbyacourtofcompetentjurisdiction,validityoftheremaindershallnotbeaffectedthereby.XX.50PERFORMANCESTANDARDSFORTREECANOPYCOVERMANAGEMENTCommentary.Thefollowingreferencesprovideinformationofusetotheprofessional,designerandreviewer:1) RelativeToleranceofSelectedSpeciestoDevelopmentImpacts,InternationalSocietyofArboriculture,BestManagementPractices:ManagingTreesDuringConstruction,AppendixA(InternationalSocietyofArboriculture,n.d.-b)2) CompanionBestPracticespublicationstotheANSIstandardsA300,parts1through9.(InternationalSocietyofArboriculture,n.d.-b)3) RecommendationsfortreespeciesselectioncanbefoundatHoldenArboretum(forNortheastOhio)http://www.holdenarb.org/resources/default.asp,underCommunityForestry,andtheOhioDepartmentofNaturalResources’OhioMasterPlantingDesignTreeListsareavailablefromODNR’sUrbanForestryToolbox:http://forestry.ohiodnr.gov/urban.Directlink:http://forestry.ohiodnr.gov/portals/forestry/urbantoolbox/ohiomasterplantingdesign/4_mpd_Treelists.xlsHoldenArboretum’scurrenttreeselectionguideforNortheastOhioisincludedattheendofthismodel.


12

XX.51ReferenceStandardsforTreeCareandManagementThefollowingnationalstandardsandreferencesareherebyincorporatedbyreference:ANSI300AforTreeCareOperations–Tree,Shrub,andOtherWoodyPlantManagement–StandardPractices,Parts1(Pruning),2(SoilManagement),3(supportandGuyingSystems),4(LightningProtection),5(ManagementofTreesandShrubsDuringSitePlanning,SiteDevelopment,andConstruction),6(PlantingandTransplanting),7(VegetationManagement),8(RootManagement)and9(TreeRiskAssessment),andthecurrentversionofANSIstandard,AmericanStandardforNurseryStock.Allworkfortreeprotection,soilmanagement,rootmanagement,andnewplantingshallbedoneinaccordancewiththereferencestandards.Wheremorespecificrequirementsaregiveninthisregulationand/orintheprojectapprovedplansandspecifications,thisregulationandprojectplansandspecificationsshallgovern.Commentary:Notethatatthetimeofthisdraft,Marcy2016,twoadditionalANSIsectionsareunderpublicreview.Part10willaddresspestmanagement,andPart11willaddresstheuseofurbanforestproductsintreemanagement.Whentheybecomeavailable,theyshouldbeaddedtothisstandard.Seehttp://www.tcia.orgforuptodateinformation.XX.52PercentagetreecoverrequiredperdevelopmenttypeThefollowingtreecanopycoverpercentagesarerequiredtobeachievedoneverydevelopmentsitethroughtreepreservation,newtreeplanting,oracombinationofthetwo.Treecanopycoverpercentageshallbeasfollows,asprojectedforthesitein30yearsoratmaturityofthetrees:LANDUSEORZONINGDISTRICT

REQUIREDTREECANOPYPERCENTAGE

Residential,lotsover½acre

Residential,lots1/8-1/2acre

Residential,multi-family

Commercial,retail Commercial,office Mixeduseurban Industrial,lightindustry

Industrial,heavy OVERALLCOMMUNITYGOAL


13

Commentary:Eachcommunityshouldsetitsownpersonalizedgoalsbasedonitsexistingtreecanopy,projectedneedsforstormwatermanagementandenergyconservation,developmentdensitiesandbuildoutstatus,realisticobjectivesforcanopyattainmentovertime,andotherlocalconditions.Mostcommunitiessetgoalsthatare5-50%higherthantheircurrentstatus,withcommunity-wideobjectivesthattargettheamountofincreasethatcanbeprovidedbystreettrees,parkandpublicareatrees,andtreesonprivateproperty.Ideallythesegoalswouldbesetaspartofacommunitywideurbanforestmanagementplan.Forexamplesoftreecanopycoverpercentagesindifferentdevelopmentlanduseareas,seehttp://forestsforwatersheds.org/urban-tree-canopy/Someoveralldevelopmenttypestandardsfortreecanopycoverthatarecommonlyrecommendedbyindustryprofessionals:CentralBusinessDistrict15%UrbanResidentialDistricts25%SuburbanResidential50%Overallcommunitygoal40%Theserecommendationsoriginatedinanearlydecision-makingGISsoftwaretoolcreatedbyAmericanForests,knowasCITYgreen,whichwasbasedon1997researchintotypicalcanopycoverscenarios.Whileuseful,itisrecommendedthatcommunitiesdeveloptheirownstandardsbasedonlocalconditionsandexperience.XX.53StandardsforestimatedtreecanopyatmaturitybyspeciesTheTreeCoverManagementPlanwillshowthetreecanopycoveratmaturityforexistingtreesonthesiteandtreestobeplanted.Estimatedtreecanopyforeachtreespeciesshallbeinaccordancewithrecommendedestimatesby_________________________.Wherearangeoftreecrowndiameterisgiven,theaverageoftherangeshallbeused.Commentary:Thefollowingresourcessupportfuturetreesizeestimation.Severalresourcesaregiven;itisrecommendedthatthecommunitychooseonethatismostrelevanttoitslocationandconditions.Thecommunitymaychoosetoassumealowerorhigherprojectedsizeforeachtree,orapercentageadjustment,dependingonlocalconditions.IdeallythisstandardwouldbechosenanddiscussedaspartofthedevelopmentofacommunityUrbanForestManagementPlan.Itshouldbeobviousthatwhileestimatesarehelpful,theactualsizeofanytreeatmaturitywilldependonitsenvironment,soil,climate,waterandnutrientavailability,windorotherharshconditions,thepresenceofothertrees,andthepresenceofpestsandotherthreats.HoldenArboretumUrbanTreeSelectionGuide(attachedasAppendixAtothismodel)http://www.holdenarb.org/resources/communityforestry.aspPennStateLandscapeTreeFactSheets:availablefrom:http://www.pacommunityforests.com/publicationsresources/forsalepublications/index.htm


14

VirginiaTechnicalUniversityhttp://dendro.cnre.vt.edu/predictions/canopy.cfmArborDayFoundationhttps://www.arborday.org/trees/treeguide/TreeDetail.cfm?ItemID=879XX.54StandardsforspecieschoiceanddiversityTreespeciesshallberecommendedbytheArboristintheTreeResourceEvaluationreportandTreeCanopyCoverManagementPlan.Noinvasivespeciesmaybeplanted.Nomorethan30%ofnewlyplantedtreesonthesite,inbothpublicandprivateareas,mayberepresentedbyanyonetreefamily,20%inanyonetreegenus,and10%inaspecies.Designersareencouragedtoprovidespeciesdiversityinchoiceoftrees.Commentary:Thesepercentagesareacommonlyacceptedstandardamongourarboristadvisors.ThecommunityUrbanForestManagementPlanwouldideallysetthesestandardsasappropriatetothecommunity’sgoals.XX.54StandardsforsitedesignandlayoutSitedesignandlayoutshallbeaccomplishedtoavoidconstructionofanytype,includingutilitylinesandtrenches,withintheTreeProtectionZone.Sitegradinganddrainageshallbedesignedtoavoidchangesinhydrology(waterflow)inandoutofTreeProtectionZonesfromexistingconditions.XX.56StandardsfornewlandscapesoilamendmentUponcompletionofconstructionandstartofthelandscapeconstructionphase,theentirelandscapedareashallbeloosenedandamendedinaccordancewithANSIStandardA300,part2,SoilManagement.SoilamendmentshallbeinaccordancewithrecommendationsintheTreeResourceEvaluationReport,andshallbebasedonsitesoilassessment.Existingtopsoilshallberetainedinplacewithoutcompactionoralterationtotheextentpossible.Existingtopsoilinsiteconstructionareasonlyshallbestockpiledpriortoconstructionandre-appliedduringlandscapesoilamendment,asrecommendedintheTreeCanopyResourceEvaluationReport.Treepitsoilamendmentshallalsobeprovided,asnotedinthereferencestandards.XX.57IncentivesfortreeprotectionCreditsintreecanopycalculationsshallbeprovidedasfollows:1) SignificantCanopytreestobepreservedshallbecountedat120%ofactualcanopy


15

2) ContributingTreeGroupingsofmorethanfivetreesshallbecountedat125%oftotaltreecanopyforthegrouping3) GroupingsofmorethanfiveSignificantCanopyTreesshallbecountedat150%oftotaltreecanopyCommentary:Incentivescanhelptoencouragesitedeveloperstoprotecttreesratherthanreplacingthem.Somecommunitiesmaychoosetoprovidereductionsinotherrequirements,suchasrequiredopenspaceandrecreationalamenities,orprovidemodestdensitybonuses,inexchangeforincreasedcanopypercentages,orpreservationofexistingtrees.XX.60REQUIREDPROCEDURESXX.61TreeResourceEvaluationReportCommentary:Theintentofthetreeresourceevaluationreportistoreplacetheoldstandardfortreeprotection,documentationofeverytreeonthesite,withaperformance-orientedmapandbriefdescriptionofkeyissuesaffectingtreeviabilityforthelongterm.Applicantsshouldbeencouragedtokeepthisreportbriefandtothepoint.Atthetimeofpre-applicationreview,submitaTreeCanopyResourceEvaluationReportwhichshallbepreparedbyanArborist.Thereportshallinclude:1) Maptoscaleofthesiteandimmediateadjacentpropertywithexistingtreecanopydelineation,locationanddriplineofSignificantCanopyTrees,anddemarcationofContributingCanopyTreegroupings.IncludeSignificantCanopyTreesonimmediateadjacentpropertywhosecriticalrootzonesarewithin50feetofsitelimitsofdisturbance.2) Briefsummaryofkeyinformation: a. SignificantCanopyTrees,ifpresent:Identificationofspecies,health,diameteratbreastheight,structuralstabilityandriskassessment,andconstructiontolerance. b. ContributingCanopyTreeGroupings,ifpresent:Descriptionofgeneralspeciesmix,typicalage,size,health,structuralstabilityandriskassessment,andconstructiontolerance. c. Descriptionofsitesoilandhydrologycharacteristics,andimplicationsfordevelopment,treetoleranceandsurvival. d. Resultsofasitesoilfertilityassessmentwithrecommendationsforlandscapesoilmanagementbefore,duringandafterconstruction,inaccordancewithANSIstandard. e. Assessmentofpotentialcanopycoverforthesite,and/orareasofthesite,basedonsitesoil,climate,construction,andothercharacteristics,andrecommendationsintheCity/Village’sUrbanForestManagementPlan.


16

Commentary:IfanUrbanForestManagementPlanexistsfortheCity/Village,itcanbereferencedhere.7) Recommendationsfortreeprotectionandreplacementforthesite,basedonstandardsofthisregulation,includingrecommendedTreeProtectionZonelocationsandboundaries.8) CostbenefitanalysisofprotectionvsreplacementforSignificantCanopyTrees,ContributingCanopyTreegroupings,inordertoachieverequiredtreecanopycovergoals.TheTreeCanopyResourceEvaluationReportshallbeusedasabasisfordecisionsabouttreeprotection,removal,andreplacementinprojectdesign.Commentary:Notethatatreeresourceevaluationreportisrequiredwhetherornotthereareexistingtreesonthesite.Wheretherearenotrees,astatementofsoilandhydrologycharacteristics,soilassessment,andassessmentofpotentialcanopycover,arestillrequired,inordertoplanforanadequategrowingenvironmentforfuturetreecanopycoveronthesite.Costbenefitanalysiswouldideallybedonebythedeveloperoneveryproject,inordertooptimizetreeresourceremoval,balancedwithnewplanting,tomeetcanopyanddevelopmentgoalssimultaneously.Thevalueofsharingthisanalysiswiththecommunitywouldbetoeducatecommunitymembersaboutthecostsinvolvedinresourceprotectionandproperinstallationoflandscape.XX.62PreliminaryTreeCanopyManagementPlanCommentary:ThePreliminaryTreeCanopyManagementPlancomprisesthedrafttreeprotectionandnewtreeplantingplan,andcanbeincorporatedintothelandscapedesigndocumentsforthesite.Atthetimeofpreliminaryplanreview,prepareandsubmitapreliminaryTreeCanopyManagementPlanwhichshallincludethefollowing:1) Amaptoscaleoftheproposeddevelopmentlayout,showing: a) proposedbuilding,pavementandstructurefootprints,propertylines,andlimitsofdisturbance b) delineationofproposedareasofSignificantTreesandContributingTreegroupingprotection,ifplanned c) locationsofcriticalrootzonesandtreeprotectionzonesforContributingCanopyTreeGroupingsandindividualSignificantCanopyTreesthataretobepreservedifapplicable. d) SignificantCanopyTreesonimmediateadjacentproperty,withcriticalrootzonesandtreeprotectionzonesshown,ifpresent. e) delineationoftreeremovalareas,withacreageandpercentcanopycovertoberemoved f) proposednewlandscapeandtreeplantingareas.


17

g) delineationofproposedtreecoverat30years,andcalculationofpercentcoverforthesiteat30years,withevidenceshowingbasisforpercentcovercalculation.Commentary:Seenotesunderperformancestandardsregardingproposedcoverrequirements.2) Briefnarrativedescriptionofoverallstrategyfortreecanopyprovisionsonthesite,includingproposedtreeprotectionstrategyduringconstruction,inlightoffindingsandrecommendationsintheTreeCanopyResourceEvaluationReport.XX.63FinalTreeCanopyManagementPlanCommentary:TheFinalTreeCanopyManagementPlancomprisestheconstructiondocumentsfortreeprotectionandnewtreeplanting,andcanbeincorporatedintothelandscapeconstructiondocumentsforthesite.Atthetimeofconstructiondocumentreview,submitfinalTreeCanopyManagementPlanincludingthefollowing:1) Finalmaptoscaleshowingdevelopmentlayout,designationoftreeprotectionareaswithtreeprotectionzones,andnewplantinglandscapeplan2) Summaryoffinaltreeprotection,andplantingstrategyincludingcalculationoffinaltreecanopycoverpercentage3) Constructiondetailsandspecificationsfortreeprotectionbarriers,constructionprotectionandmonitoringprocedures,soilpreparation,newtreeplanting,andpost-constructionmonitoringandmaintenance.Commentary:Soilvolumeprovidedpertreeisdirectlyrelatedtotheeventualpotentialsizeofthetree,particularlyinurbanareaswheretreepitsareinuse.Everyeffortshouldbemadeindesigntomaximizethesoilvolumeavailabletotrees.RecommendationsforsoilvolumeareincludedintheReferenceStandardscitedinthismodel.XX.64Pre-ConstructionTreeProtectionZoneDelineationandBarriersPriortostartofconstruction,approvedtreeprotectionzones,asshownontheapprovedsiteplans,shallbeclearlyidentifiedbytheapplicantonsiteandapprovedbytheCity/Village’srepresentative.TheTPZshallbedemarcatedwithapprovedProtectionZoneBarriersasshownonthesiteplansandspecifications.Suchbarrierinstallationshallbecompletedpriortotheinitiationofanylanddisturbingactivitiesandshallbemaintainedthroughouttheconstructionperiod.NopermitsorapprovalsshallbeissuedbytheCity/VillageuntiltheProtectionZoneBarriersarecompleteandinplace.


18

XX.65TreeProtectionDuringConstructionThefollowingactivitiesareprohibitedwithindelineatedProtectionZoneBarriers:1) soilcompaction2) locationofvehicles,equipment,materials,debris,orotherconstruction-relateditems3) walking,standing,sitting,orotherwiseusingofsoilareabypersonnelforanyactivity,unlessspecificallyrelatedtotreeprotectionactivitiesasspecified4) alterationofhydrology,drainage,gradeorsoillevel5) applicationofmulch,gravel,soil,fertilizer,orothermaterialorliquids,unlessspecificallycalledforintheplansandspecifications,orasrecommendedbyaqualifiedprofessionalonsiteandapprovedbytheCity/Village’srepresentative.Anypruning,cutting,trimming,orotheralterationofanytreebranchesandfoliageofanytreetobepreserved,insideoroutsidetheTPZ,isprohibited,unlessspecificallycalledforintheplansandspecifications,orasrecommendedandoverseenbyanArboristonsiteandapprovedbytheCity/Village’srepresentative.XX.67PostConstructionMonitoringApost-constructionmaintenanceperiodof1yearshallbeprovidedtoensuretreeviabilityasplanted.Inspectionshallbeprovideduponcompletionoftheone-yearperiod,andanynonviabletreesreplaced.Commentary:Dependingonstandardpracticeinthecommunity,thepost-constructionmaintenanceperiodmaybeincreasedupto3years.Someprofessionalsargueforlongermaintenanceperiodsfornewtreesthatareplantedinlargercalipersized.Itisrecommendedthatcommunitiesadoptaperiodic(biennialortriennial)reviewcommunity-wideoftreecanopyachievementsinrelationtocommunity-widecanopygoals.Thisisespeciallyimportantwheretreeremovalisoccurringduetopestsanddiseasesandregionaltreeremovalpolicies.Adaptationinthecommunity’sstrategiesmaybeneededtooffsetlossoftreesovertime.XX.70INSPECTIONOFPROTECTIONZONESCommentary:TheCity/VillagemaychoosetodesignateanArboristasrepresentativeforinspectionofprotectionzonesbefore,duringandafterconstruction.XX.71Inspectionoftreeprotectionzones(TPZ).TheidentificationoftreeprotectionzonesshallbeinspectedbytheCity/Village’srepresentativepriortolanddisturbingactivitiesauthorizedunderthisregulation.TheapplicantshallprovidetheCity/Village’srepresentativewithatleasttwo(2)workingdayswrittennoticepriortostartingsuchlanddisturbingactivities.


19

XX.72Inspectionduringprojectdevelopment.Thetreeprotectionzonesandtreeplanting,whichtogetherwillmeetstandardsfortreecanopycoveronthesite,willbeinspectedatanytimeevidenceisbroughttotheattentionoftheCity/Villagethatusesorstructuresareoccurringthatmayreasonablybeexpectedtoviolatetheprovisionsofthisregulation.XX.73Inspectionafterprojectcompletion.Newandpreservedtreeprotectionareaswillbeinspecteduponcompletionoftheconstructionandthestartofthemaintenanceperiod,andatoneyearpost-construction,bytheCity/Village’srepresentative.Anyrecommendationsorrequirementsforcorrectionofproblemswillbeimplementedpriortoissuanceofacertificateofcompletionandreleaseofanyconstructionperformancebonds.XX.80VARIANCESANDAPPEALSPROCEDURESCommentary:Variancesandappealsarenecessarytoprovidingfairalternativeswhencodeprovisionscreateahardship,aslegallydefined.TheCity/Village’slegalrepresentativesshouldreviewtheseprovisionstoensuretheyareconsistentwithCity/Villageprocedureselsewhere.XX.81Variances.TheCity/VillageCouncil,ortheirdesignatedreviewbody,maygrantavariancetothisregulationasprovidedherein.Ingrantingavariance,thefollowingconditionsshallapply:1.) Indeterminingwhetherthereisunnecessaryhardshipwithrespecttotheuseofapropertyorpracticaldifficultywithrespecttocompliancewithtreecanopycoverrequirementsasestablishedinthisregulation,suchastojustifythegrantingofavariance,thereviewingbodyshallconsiderthepotentialharmorreductioninwatershedfunctionsthatmaybecausedbyaproposedstructureoruse.2.)TheCity/Village’sreviewingbodymaynotauthorizeanystructureoruseinaZoningDistrictotherthanthoseauthorizedintheZoningCode.3.)Variancesshallbevoidifnotimplementedwithinone(1)yearofthedateofissuance.XX.82Varianceconsiderations.Inmakingavariancedeterminationunderthisregulation,theCity/Village’sreviewingbodymayconsiderthefollowing:1.Thenaturalvegetationofthepropertyaswellasthepercentageoftheparcelthatisina100-yearfloodplainofastreamorriver.ThecriteriaoftheCity/Village’sChapter_________FloodDamagePreventionmaybeusedasguidancewhengrantingvariancesinthe100-yearfloodplain.2.Theextenttowhichtherequestedvarianceimpairsthefloodcontrol,erosioncontrol,waterqualityprotection,orotherfunctionsofthetreecanopycover.Thisdeterminationshallbebasedonsufficienttechnicalandscientificdata.3.Thedegreeofhardship,withrespecttotheuseofapropertyorthedegreeofpracticaldifficultywithrespecttomaintainingandestablishingtreecanopycoverasrequiredinthisregulation,placedonthelandownerbythisregulationandtheavailabilityofalternativestotheproposedalternativeoruse.Costconsiderationsalonearenotadequatetodemonstratehardship.


20

4.Whetheraproperty,otherwisebuildableundertheordinancesoftheCity/Village,willbemadeunbuildablebecauseofthisregulation.XX.83Variancemitigation.Ingrantingavarianceunderthisregulation,theCity/Village’sreviewingbody,forgoodcause,mayimposesuchconditionsthatitdeemsappropriatetomaintainthepurposesofthisregulationandtomitigateanynecessaryimpactsintheripariansetbackspermittedbyvariance.Indeterminingappropriatemitigation,theCity’sreviewingbodymayconsultwiththeCity/VillageEngineerorotheragenciesincluding[county]SWCD.XX.84VarianceandAppealProcedures.Anyapplicantseekingavariancetotheconditionsimposedunderthisregulationoranappealtoanadministrativedecisionmadeunderthisregulation,otherthanadecisionbytheCity/Village’sreviewingbody,mayapplytoorappealtotheCity/Village’sreviewingbody.Thefollowingconditionsshallapply:1).Whenfilinganapplicationforanappealtoanadministrativedecision,theapplicantshallfileanoticeofappealspecifyingthegroundsthereforwiththeadministrativeofficialwithin20daysoftheadministrativeofficial’sdecision.Upondeterminingthattheapplicationiscompleteanduponreceiptoftherequiredfeeof$100,theadministrativeofficialshalltransmittotheCity/Village’sreviewingbodytheapplicationandatranscriptconstitutingtherecordfromwhichtheadministrativedecisionsubjecttoappealwasbased.Thistransmissionshalloccurnolessthanfourteen(14)dayspriortoaregularlyscheduledmeetingoftheCity/Village’sreviewingbodyinordertobeplacedontheagendaforthatmeeting.2.)Whenapplyingforavariance,theapplicantshallfileavariancerequestwiththeCity/Village’sreviewingbody.3.)Applicationsforappealsorvariancesmadeunderthisregulationshallcontainthefollowinginformation:

a.Thename,address,andtelephonenumberoftheapplicant;b.Proofofownershiporauthorizationtorepresentthepropertyowner.c.Thelocationoftheproperty,includingstreetaddressandpermanentparcelnumber.d.Thecurrentzoningoftheproperty.e.Adescriptionoftheprojectforwhichtheappealorvarianceissought.f.Adescriptionoftheadministrativedecisionbeingappealedortheconditionsoftheregulationfromwhichavarianceissought.g.Namesandaddressesofeachpropertyownerwithin500feetasshowninthecurrentrecordsofthe_________CountyAuditortypedongummedlabels.

4.)ApplicationsforvariancesorappealsofadministrativedecisionsshallnotberesubmittedtotheCity/Village’sreviewingbodywithinone(1)yearofthedateofafinaldecisionbythePlanningandZoningCommissionontheoriginalapplication,unlesstheapplicantshowsthePlanningandZoningCommissioneitherofthefollowing:

a.Newlydiscoveredevidencethatcouldnothavebeenpresentedwiththeoriginalsubmission,orb.Evidenceofasubstantialchangeincircumstancessincethetimeoftheoriginalsubmission.


21

XX.85VarianceDecision.AdecisionbytheCity/Village’sreviewingbodyinresponsetoanapplicationforavariancerequestoranappealofanadministrativedecisionfiledpursuanttothisregulationshallbefinal.XX.90PENALTIESANDENFORCEMENTCommentary:TheCity/Villagewillneedtoconsiderpenaltiesand/orstopnoticesinlightoftheirprovisionsforviolationsofotherdevelopmentregulations.ItisimportantthatpenaltiesandenforcementbeconsistentwithCityproceduresandpolicies.Themodellanguagebelowisasuggestiononly.XX.91Mitigation.Uponbecomingawareofviolationsofanyoftheprovisionsofthissection,theCity/Villageshallprovidethecontractorwithwrittennoticeoftheviolation,andrequirementsformitigationand/orcorrectionoftheproblem,alongwithatimeframeforcorrectionstooccur.Ifcorrectionsarenotinplacebythespecifiedtime,theCity/Villagereservestherighttotakecorrectiveaction,atcosttothecontractor.XX.92Penalties.Anypersonwhoshallviolateanysectionofthisregulationshallbeguiltyofamisdemeanoroffirstdegreeand,uponconvictionthereof,shallbesubjecttopunishmentasprovidedinChapterXXXXandshallberequiredtoimplementplantingandsoilremediationmitigationasapprovedbytheCity/Village’srepresentativeandaqualifiedprofessional.TheimpositionofanyotherpenaltiesprovidedhereinshallnotprecludetheCity/VillagefrominstitutinganappropriateactionorproceedinginaCourtofproperjurisdictiontopreventanunlawfuldevelopment,ortorestrain,correct,orabateaviolation,ortorequirecompliancewiththeprovisionsofthisregulationorotherapplicablelaws,ordinances,rules,orregulations,ortheordersoftheCity/Village’srepresentative.XX.92StopWorkNotices.TheCity/Village’srepresentativeshallbeauthorizedtostopallorpartoftheworkontheprojectuntilanyviolationsoftherequirementsofthisregulationarerectifiedand/ormitigated,asapprovedbytheCity/Village’srepresentativeandrecommendedbyanArborist.Commentary.StopWorkNoticesarealastresort,tobeusedonlywhenallotheroptionsfail.Astopworknoticehassignificantcost,schedule,andprojectfeasibilityimplicationsforthecontractorand/ordeveloper.Manycommunitieschoosenottoincludethisoptionatall;otherskeepitasacomponentoftheirdevelopmentenforcementsuiteoftools.Usually,stopworknoticeauthorityisgiventoakeycommunityofficial(suchastheCommunityEngineer)only,andonlywithwell-justifiedreasons.Itisincludedhereforthosecommunitieswhowanttomaintainconsistencywithotheraspectsoftheirdevelopmentregulationenforcementprocedures.


22

AppendixA:TREECANOPYSIZEATMATURITYThefollowingtableoftreespeciesforNortheastOhioincludesestimatesoftreesizeatmaturityforeachtreespeciesatmaturity,oraboutage30years.ThesearetypicalsizesbasedontheexperienceofforestryexpertsattheHoldenArboretum,andarebasedonadetaileddatadevelopmentprojectthatwasdoneaspartoftheCityofClevelandTreePlan.(CityofCleveland,WesternReserveLandConservancy,HoldenArboretum,LANDStudio,&ClevelandNeighborhoodProgress,2015)EditorsofPennStateUniversity’sLandscapeTreeFactSheetseries,dated2001,alsodevelopedestimatesoftreecanopyatmaturity,whichunderwentcriticalreviewbyanextensivegroupofexpertsinPennsylvania,Ohio,NewYork,NewJersey,Maryland,Wisconsin,Kansas,NorthCarolina,Illinois,Oregon,DistrictofColumbia,andMinnesota.(Gerhold,Lacasse,&Wandell,2001)Itshouldbeobviousthatwhileestimatesarehelpful,theactualsizeofanytreeatmaturitywilldependonitsenvironment,soil,climate,waterandnutrientavailability,windandotherharshconditions,thepresenceofothertrees,andthepresenceofpestsandotherthreats.AsnotedbytheStreetTreeFactSheetseditors:

Estimatesoftherangeinmatureheightandcrownwidthapplytobetter-than-averagesuburbansites,e.g.abroadtreelawninaresidentialneighborhood.Estimatesarealsogivenforage30,whichisacommonpracticeinnurserycatalogs(thoughnotalwaysexplained).Formorestressfulurbansites,estimatescanbereducedbyperhaps10to40percent,asstatureisgreatlyinfluencedbysitequality.Estimatesarebasedonfiguresinreferencebooksandnurserycatalogs,whichcontainsignificantinconsistencies.Despitesuchvariability,sizesareusefulfordesignpurposesandforcomparisonsamongspeciesandcultivars.(Gerholdetal.,2001)

EstimatesoftreesizeatmaturityarealsoprovidedbyVirginiaTechnicalUniversityathttp://dendro.cnre.vt.edu/predictions/canopy.cfm,andbytheArborDayFoundationathttps://www.arborday.org/trees/treeguide/TreeDetail.cfm?ItemID=879.Itisrecommendedthatthecommunityworkwithanarboristtoidentifyoneoftheseresources,orsomeotherreliablesource,astheprimarybenchmarkforplantingandtreecoverestimatesondevelopmentsitesintheirlocation;recommendationsforanyreductionsduetositeconditionsshouldalsobeconsideredandprovided.Treecanopyisonlyonecharacteristicofatreespecies;selectionoftreesforanydevelopmentsiteshouldtakeintoaccountthefullrangeoftreecharacteristics,includingheight,hardiness,droughttolerance,pollutiontolerance,rootzonerequirements,soilanddrainagepreferences,diseaseandpesttolerance,specialnutrientneeds,maintenancerequirements,andaestheticcharacteristics.


23

REFERENCESCityofCleveland,WesternReserveLandConservancy,HoldenArboretum,LANDStudio,&

ClevelandNeighborhoodProgress.(2015).ClevelandTreePlan.CityofCleveland.

Gerhold,H.D.,Lacasse,N.L.,&Wandell,W.N.(2001).LandscapeTreeFactSheets(Third).

UniversityPark,PA:PennStateCollegeofAgriculturalSciencesAgricultural

ResearchandCooperativeExtension.

InternationalSocietyofArboriculture.(n.d.-a).ANSIA300StandardsforTreeManagement,

MultipleParts.InternationalSocietyofArboriculture.Retrievedfrom

http://www.isa-arbor.com/store/category.aspx?cid=117

InternationalSocietyofArboriculture.(n.d.-b).BestManagementPracticesforTree

Management,MultipleParts.InternationalSocietyofArboriculture.Retrievedfrom

http://www.isa-arbor.com/store/category.aspx?cid=117

Holden_SpeciesList

HOLDEN ARBORETUM NORTHEAST OHIO URBAN TREE SELECTION LIST 11-2016

Note: This is a guide only. Tree selection for any project should be done in consultation with professional arborist or landscape architect advice to determine the appropriate tree for the location, soils, and site conditions.

Species Common Name Cultivars Size Spread Form Hardiness Zone Growth RateAbies concolor white fir ••• L 20' conical 3 to 7 slowAbies nordmanniana Nordman fir ••• L 30' pyramidal 4 to 6 slowAcer buergerianum trident maple ••• S 25' oval 5 to 8 slowAcer campestre hedge maple ••• M 30' rounded 5 to 8 slowAcer griseum paperbark maple ••• M 20' rounded 5 to 7 slowAcer miyabei miyabe maple Morton M 25' upright oval 4 to 6 slowAcer triflorum threeflower maple ••• M 30' upright spreading 5 to 7 slowAcer x freemanii Freeman maple Autumn Blaze L 40' broad oval 4 to 7 fastAesculus flava yellow buckeye ••• L 50' upright oval 4 to 8 moderateAesculus glabra Ohio buckeye ••• M 40' rounded 3 to 7 moderateAesculus pavia red buckeye ••• S 20' rounded (varies) 4 to 8 moderateAmelanchier laevis Allegheny serviceberry ••• M 40' rounded 4 to 8 moderateAmelanchier x grandiflora apple serviceberry ••• M 30' rounded 5 to 8 moderateAsimina triloba paw-paw ••• S 20' pyramidal (multi-stem) 5 to 9 moderateBetula nigra river birch ••• L 50' pyramidal (rounded) 4 to 9 fastCarpinus betulus European hornbeam Emerald Avenue M 30' pyramidal (oval-rounded) 4 to 7 moderateCarpinus caroliniana American hornbeam ••• M 30 round (irregular) 3 to 9 slowCeltis laevigata sugarberry ••• M 50' broad-rounded 5 to 9 moderateCeltis x hybrid hackberry Magnifica M 40' broad-oval 5 to 9 fastCercidiphyllum japonicum katsuratree ••• L 50' pyramidal (oval-rounded) 4 to 8 moderateCercis canadensis redbud ••• S 25 flat-topped (rounded) 4 to 9 moderateChionanthus retusus Chinese fringetree ••• S 20' broad-rounded 4 to 9 slowCladrastis kentukea Kentucky yellowwood ••• M 40' broad-rounded 4 to 8 moderateCornus florida flowering dogwood Appalachian Spring M 20' flat-topped (rounded) 5 to 9 slowCornus kousa Asian flowering dogwood ••• M 30' rounded (horizontal) 5 to 8 slowCrataegus viridis green hawthorn Winter King M 25' vase (spreading) 4 to 7 slowDiospyros virginiana common persimmon ••• L 35 pyramidal (oval-rounded) 4 to 9 moderateFagus sylvatica European beech ••• L 50' pyramidal (rounded) 5 to 7 moderateGinkgo biloba ginkgo see notes L 40' pyramidal (wide-spread) 4 to 7 slow

Imperial L 40' broad-spreading 4 to 7 fast 'Shademaster' L 40' upright-spreading 4 to 7 fast

Skyline L 35' pyramidal-spreading 4 to 7 fastStreetKeeper L 20' broad-columnar 4 to 7 fast

Espresso L 35' vase (irregular) 4 to 8 slowPrairie Titan L 45' oval (irregular) 4 to 8 slow

Stately Manor L 40' obovate (irregular) 4 to 8 slowHalesia tetraptera Carolina silverbell ••• M 30 round headed 5 to 8 moderateJuniperus chinensis Chinese juniper Keteleeri S 15' pyramidal 3 to 9 moderate

'Canaertii' M 20' dense-pyramidal 4 to 9 moderateEmerald Sentinel M 10' pyramidal column 4 to 9 moderate

Koelreuteria paniculata goldenrain tree ••• M 30' rounded 5 to 8 moderate 'Moraine' L 40' pyramidal 5 to 9 fast 'Variegata' L 35' pyramidal 5 to 9 moderate

Liriodendron tulipifera tuliptree ••• L 40' pyramidal (rounded) 4 to 9 fastMaacNificent M 25' upright vase 4 to 7 slow

'Starburst' M 20' vase (rounded) 4 to 7 slowMaclura pomifera osage organge 'White Shield' M 35' rounded 4 to 9 fastMagnolia acuminata cucumbertree magnolia ••• L 40' pyramidal (rounded) 4 to 8 moderate

'Butterflies' M 10' upright pyramidal 4 to 8 moderate 'Coral Lake' M 20' upright pyramidal 4 to 8 moderate 'Daybreak' M 20' upright pyramidal 4 to 8 moderate 'Elizabeth' M 20' upright pyramidal 4 to 8 moderate

'Golden Gift' S 5' compact 5 to 7 moderate 'Yellow Bird' M 20' upright pyramidal 4 to 8 moderate

Magnolia stellata star magnolia ••• S 15' dense-rounded 4 to 8 moderateMagnolia tripetala umbrella magnolia ••• M 15' pyramidal 4 to 8 moderateMagnolia virginiana sweetbay magnolia ••• S 20' oval (rounded) 5 to 9 moderateMagnolia x loebneri Loebner magnolia ••• S 15' rounded (dense) 5 to 8 moderate

Bob White S 20' dense-rounded 4 to 7 moderatePrairiefire S 20' dense-rounded 4 to 7 moderateRed Jewel S 15' dense-rounded 4 to 7 moderate

Sugar Tyme S 15' dense-rounded 4 to 7 moderateMetasequoia glyptostroboides dawn redwood ••• L 25' pyramidal (conical) 5 to 8 fastNyssa sylvatica blackgum ••• L 30' pyramidal 4 to 9 moderateOstrya virginiana American hop-hornbeam ••• L 30' rounded (horizontal) 4 to 9 slowParrotia persica Persian ironwood 'Vanessa' M 15' pyramidal 4 to 8 moderatePicea orientalis oriental spruce ••• L 20' pyramidal 4 to 7 slowPinus rigida pitch pine ••• L 40' pyramidal (irregular) 4 to 7 moderatePinus rigida x taeda pich-lob pine ••• L 40' pyramidal 4 to 7 fastPinus virginiana Virginia pine ••• M 30' broad (pyramidal) 4 to 8 slowPlatanus x acerifolia London planetree Exclamation L 40' upright-pyramidal 4 to 8 moderateQuercus bicolor swamp white oak ••• L 50' broad rounded 3 to 8 moderateQuercus imbricaria shingle oak ••• L 60' broad rounded 4 to 7 slowQuercus macrocarpa bur oak ••• L 70' broad rounded 2 to 8 slowQuercus muehlenbergii chinkapin oak ••• L 40' rounded 4 to 7 moderate

••• L 40' pyramidal 4 to 7 fastGreen Pillar L 15' narrow-columnar 4 to 7 fast

Juniperus virginiana eastern redcedar

Gleditsia triacanthos honeylocust

Gymnocladus dioica Kentucky coffeetree

Magnolia spp. magnolia

Malus spp. crabapple

Quercus palustris pin oak

Liquidambar styraciflua sweetgum

Maackia amurensis amur maackia

Holden_SpeciesList

Species Common Name Cultivars Size Spread Form Hardiness Zone Growth RateQuercus prinoides dwarf chinkapin oak ••• S 10' pyramidal 4 to 8 slow

'Nadler' Kindred Spirit Oak M 10' narrow-columnar 3 to 7 slow 'Long' Regal Prince Oak L 20' narrow-columnar 4 slow

Quercus rubra red oak ••• L 60' rounded 4 to 7 fastQuercus shumardii Shumard oak ••• L 50' rounded 5 to 9 moderate

'Regent' L 40' oval (rounded) 4 to 7 fast 'Pendulum' S 15' weeping 4 to 7 fast

Syringa reticulata Japanese tree lilac 'Ivory Silk' S 20' rounded 3 to 7 moderateTaxodium distichum bald cypress ••• L 25 pyramidal 4 to 9 moderateThuja occidentalis eastern arborvitae many exist L 15' pyramidal 2 to 7 slowThuja x hybrid arborvitae 'Green Giant' or 'Spring Grove' L 20' broad-pyramidal 4 to 7 slowTilia americana American linden ••• L 40' oval rounded (arched) 2 to 8 moderate

Greenspire L 30' oval-rounded 4 moderateSummer Sprite S 15' rounded 4 moderate

Tilia tomentosa silver linden ••• L 40' pyramidal (oval-egg) 2 to 6 moderateTilia x euchlora Crimean linden ••• L 25' rounded 3 to 7 moderate

'Princeton' L 50' vase (spreading) 4 moderate 'Jefferson' L 50' vase (arching) 4 moderate

'New Harmony' L 65' vase (arching) 4 moderateUlmus parvifolia Chinese elm Allee M 30' vase (upright-rounded) 5 to 9 moderateUlmus propinqua emerald sunshine elm Emerald Sunshine M 25' vase (pyramidal) 5 fast

'Frontier' M 30' vase (oval) 5 fast 'Patriot' L 40' vase (upright-narrow) 4 fastTriumph L 45' vase (upright-oval) 4 fast

City Sprite S 20' vase (compact) 5 moderateGreen Vase L 30' vase (spreading) 5 to 8 moderate

'Mushashino' L 15' narrow (upright) 5 to 8 moderate 'Village Green' L 40' vase (rounded) 5 to 8 moderate

slowmoderate

fast•••

Zelkova serrata Japanese zelkova

Ulmus americana American elm

Quercus robur x bicolor hybrid English oak

Ulmus x hybrid elm

Styphnolobium japonicum (Sophora japonica)

Japanese pagodatree

Tilia cordata littleleaf linden

MODEL TREE CANOPY COVER MANAGEMENT …balancedgrowth.ohio.gov/Portals/0/BLLUP/Tree Cover Mgmt...CSU...

Documents

Transcript of MODEL TREE CANOPY COVER MANAGEMENT …balancedgrowth.ohio.gov/Portals/0/BLLUP/Tree Cover Mgmt...CSU...