MODEL Raport GRT Eng

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ASEM

Teacher: Livandovschi Roman


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Student: Schi cu Aurelia

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Theme Nr.1The subject of study of

the tourist resourcesmanagement

SUBJECTS:

1.Introduction of the TRM;2.The position in the system of economic and geographicalsciences;3.Principles, methods, and

means of study;4.The categories of the TRM;5.The factors influencing thetourist phenomenon.

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S1. Introduction of the TRM

Key Words:

Tourism

Tourist phenomenon

Industry Tourism fund

Tourist flow and its consequences

Learning objectives:

O1.Appreciate how important this industry is to the economy of theworld and of many countries;

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O2.Understand what tourism is and its many definitions.

O1.The subject of travel is exciting and fascinating. Therefore all progressive countries throughout the world are interested in tourism. Political and industrial leaders almost universally have recognized theeconomic advantages of tourism. However, what these countries havedone to make tourism a viable, growing segment of their economydiverges widely-from virtually nothing to creating superbly organized,highly productive tourism plants.

As shown above the tourism industry is one of the most important sources of income and foreign exchange, and is growing rapidly. It isbittersweet character of contemporary travel that is both its bone and its

strength. Environmentalists in developing countries are worried about moral pollution and harassed air, and there are a balance betweenrunning profitable tourism and destroying the environment to do so.Stricter planning regulations, controls over the use of scarce resources

like water, limitations on access to attractions such as Taj Mahal and the Pyramids, and a ban on intrusions into national parks are just some of the probable consequences. At the base of this consequences are the main factor that is the human activity.

Conclusion:

Increasingly travelers are a key factor in the creation of jobs and newcapital spending. Nowhere is immune to their impact and no government can ignore them. The romance of travel may not be what it was in the daysof safaris but it is the most important, largest industry in the world. It accounts for:

$3.5 trillion in GNP

Over 200 million jobs-1every 9 employees

11% of global capital investment 11% of worldwide consumer spending

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11.7% of indirect corporate taxes

O2.Tourism can be defined as the science, art, and business of attracting and transporting visitors, accommodating them, and graciously catering to their needs and wants.

According to the WTO definition, tourist can be any person that is outsideof his current residence for a period of 24 hours up to 4 months for the

following reasons: recreational, professional motivation, other motives(health).Tourism can be defined as the act of travel for the purpose of recreation ,and the provision of services for this act. A tourist is someone who travelsat least fifty miles from home, as defined by the World TourismOrganization (a United Nations body).

A more comprehensive definition would be that tourism is a serviceindustry , comprising a number of tangible and intangible components.The tangible elements include transport systems - air, rail, road, water and now, space; hospitality services - accommodation, foods and beverages, tours, souvenirs; and related services such as banking,insurance and safety & security. The intangible elements include: rest and relaxation, culture, escape, adventure, new and different experiences.

Tourism is vital for many countries, due to the income generated by theconsumption of goods and services by tourists, the taxes levied onbusinesses in the tourism industry, and the opportunity for employment inthe service industries associated with tourism. These service industriesinclude transportation services such as cruise ships and taxis,accommodation such as hotels, restaurants, bars, and entertainment venues, and other hospitality industry services such as spas and resorts.

The tourist phenomenon includes all motivations and activities of a

leisure and health nature extended in a given place and a given moment.This way it can be pointed out three main aspects of tourism:

the tourist resources;

the infrastructure;

the tourist flow (or the influx of tourists).

Conclusion:

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http://www.wordiq.com/definition/Travelhttp://www.wordiq.com/definition/Recreationhttp://www.wordiq.com/definition/World_Tourism_Organizationhttp://www.wordiq.com/definition/World_Tourism_Organizationhttp://www.wordiq.com/definition/United_Nationshttp://www.wordiq.com/definition/Service_industryhttp://www.wordiq.com/definition/Service_industryhttp://www.wordiq.com/definition/Transporthttp://www.wordiq.com/definition/Hospitality_serviceshttp://www.wordiq.com/definition/Travelhttp://www.wordiq.com/definition/Recreationhttp://www.wordiq.com/definition/World_Tourism_Organizationhttp://www.wordiq.com/definition/World_Tourism_Organizationhttp://www.wordiq.com/definition/United_Nationshttp://www.wordiq.com/definition/Service_industryhttp://www.wordiq.com/definition/Service_industryhttp://www.wordiq.com/definition/Transporthttp://www.wordiq.com/definition/Hospitality_services


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Thus, tourism is a composite of activities, services, and industries that

delivers a travel experience, a phenomena and relationships in the

process of attracting tourists.

S2.The position in the system of economic and geographical sciences

Key Words:

Tourist exploitation

Natural factors

Tourism

Tourism function

Sciences


O1.To determine the consequences of tourist exploitation;

O2.To identify tourism function.

O1.There are some limits about the tourist exploitation that doesnt

touch the structure of physico-geographical landscape. When these limitsare exceeded appears some lacks of balance in majority cases with

negative effects for society and environment also. Modern tourism in the

economy of some states became one of the most important branches with

obvious weight in gross domestic product. Finally natural factors like:

topography, climate, hydrography, lithologic, biogeographical elements

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that participate in establishing of the tourism fund respectively of

recreational resources that effect the activity of tourism phenomenon.

Tourism doesnt exist without tourists and their presence allows us to

identify a tourist place. Tourism is inconceivable without anthropogenic factor-man that is the principal element of it. Tourism is a dynamic

activity taking up a lot of space. It involves different transport links.

Tourism, through its final outcome of an economic nature, is an integral

part of material and spiritual values exchanges. Tourist activity has in

common with such sciences as geology, history, biology, which also

participates in the setting up of tourist potential of a given region.

Conclusion : The last thing the world environment needs is millions of

tourists travelling around the world. Apart from the fuel needed, tourists

do not live in harmony with the environment.

O2.Tourism function is indissolubly related to statistics, marketing

and other economic sciences. After all, tourist activity is a question of the

psychological insight of each individual. Any attempt to define tourism

and to describe its scope fully must consider the various groups that

participate in and are affected by this industry. Their perspectives are

vital to the development of a comprehensive definition. Tourism can bedefined as the sum of the phenomena and relationships arising from the

interaction of tourist, business suppliers, host governments, and host

communities in the process of attracting any hosting these tourists and

other visitors.

Departments of tourism in various cities, states and countries work to

encourage tourism to their region. they may fund advertising showing the

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places to go and things to do, they may support events that are likely to

draw tourists, and they may sponsor joint activities by different

organizations to improve the region's attractiveness to tourists.

Conclusion : Tourism is a very dynamic activity, is the entire world industry of travel, hotels, transportation, and all other

components,including promotion, that serves the needs and wants of

travelers.

S3.Principles, methods, and means of study

Key Words:

Principles Methods

Means

Infrastructure

Models


O1.To define the principle of spatiality;

O2.To describe the principle of causality;

O3. To study the principle of integration.

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Tourist activity uses a series of principles, methods, and means of study

such as:

Principle of spatiality - according to this principle the research of

tourist phenomena, uses as a method observation, and as a meanof representation description. And the final part of this process isthe elaboration of the descriptive model, that is widely used toinform the potential tourists.

Principle of causality - which aim is the study of appearance,

assertion , and development of tourist process. As activity method it has recourse to the detailed analysis of phenomena,carries out bymeans of explanation that can be accomplished by a mathematical model(equation,formula). From this perspective a primary place it is offered in detail to the geographical areas of reception, especiallyof how tourist phenomenon environment and human communitiesare articulated.Tourism disturbes the populations of the visited regions ,influence on environment, changes the most beautiful

places in nature to create a certain idea of authenticity.It disturbsthe scientists that are working in studying the touristic

phenomenon .And is added the issues and operation of tourisminfrastructure management.

Principle of integration - of characteristic phenomena in logistical structures,designed to show the objective aspect(activity method-

synthesis),operation means-graphic representations(cartographicmodels).

Between the principles there is a close link. The first principle serves as a basis for the second one, while the latter for the third one.

Conclusion : Note the logical independence plan established both vertical hierarchybetween certain types of principles, methods, means and forms of

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modeling, as well as horizontally in the same structure that grows incomplexity from one study to another. In the same way may be registered the interrelationship of ranking models, means and forms of modeling of the touristic phenomena . Touristic models provide a theoretical and conceptual basis for the study of spatial dynamics of tourism.In general

situation the geographical research provides useful information on travel document as: elements of the heritage , the morphology of visited regionsand localities,characteristics of cure factors and the configuration of waysof communication.

S4.The categories of the TRM Key Words:

Tourist

Tourism

Travel

Recreation

Excursionist

Tourist resources

Tourist potential

Tourist flow

Tourist infrastructure.


O1. To identify the categories of TRM;

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O2. To define the main notions of the TRM;

O3. To understand the relationship between these terms.

The tourist phenomenon is defined by a series of notions. The most used are: tourist, tourism, tourist infrastructure, tourist potential, tourist

product, tourist supply and demand.Tourist, Tourism, Travel

There is a correlation between these terms. Tourism may also be

defined as people taking trips away from home, and it embraces the entire

range of transportation, lodging, food service, and other activities

relating to and serving the traveler. The WTO has taken the concept of

tourism beyond a stereotypical Image of holiday-making. The officially

accepted definition is: Tourism comprises the activities of persons

traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not

more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes.

Consequently a tourist is someone who travels away from home and whose main purpose of visit is other than the exercise of an activity

remunerated from within the place visited. There are also other words

describing the people traveling, such as: national tourist, domestic tourist,

internal tourist, visitor, traveler, same-day visitor (excursionist) etc. Tourist resources. They represent all the attractive elements of

a territory without taking into account their origin and the

connections between them. There can be distinguished two

groups of objects that make up the tourist resources, that is to

say:

Tourist natural resources (relief, climate, etc.);

Tourist human resources (museums, religious erections,

etc.).

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Tourist infrastructure. It consists of all the tourist endowments,

such as: accommodation and catering capacity; tourist services

network; spas and resorts; transport links; electricity network

and heating system; water supply and mains; postal and banking services, etc., etc.

Tourist potential. It consists of tourist resources and

infrastructure. Tourist flow. It represents the movement of the visitors from

their place of residence to the place visited. It is a dynamic

category, which considers human factor by its number and

financial opportunities. The special features of the tourist flows

are:

the direction;

the rhythm;

the intensity.

Tourist product. It represents all goods and serves that

facilitate the tourist activity. Tourist market. It represents the place of interference or

contact of tourist product with its consumers, in other words, of

supply with demand. Internal tourism .Visits by residents of a country to their own

country Travel .the action and activities of people taking trips to a place

outside their home communities for any purpose except daily

commuting to and from work.

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Recreation :the action and activities of people engaging in

constructive and personally pleasurable use of leisure time. Excursionist .Movement for 24 hours with overnight

accommodation.Conclusion:

All this terms of tourism have a close relationship betweenthem.This terms interact and form concepts of tourism and helps tounderstand better this branch of industry.

S5.The factors influencing the tourist phenomenon

Key Words:

Factors

Population

Development


O1.To define the factors influencing the tourist phenomenon;

O2.To identify what place human beings occupies in the development of tourism industry.

F actors that contribute to tourism development are the following:o Demographic factors - Tourism is a process in which the human

being is an important factor. The human needs to physicaland psychological recovery and knowledge is the maincause of the emergence of tourism. This factors act through the population growth, increase in life expectancy, the

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growth of young people. So if the number of population is higher then logically the number of tourists is higher. This growth of tourists is explained by the fact that people want to rest from citybusy life(cars, noise, or the bigger number of population in a

country)

o Economic factors - They are of great importance for tourist

phenomenon. Only people that have a certain standard of living and

savings can take part in tourist activity.

This kind of people that saves money for resting have an important influence: Labor productivity growth, rising incomes of populations and the growth of leisure time.

o Political factors - They often contribute to the development or therestriction of tourist activity (different systems of government, armed conflicts, etc.).This fact mean that can be a limitation to the tourist flow through the visa regime. Tourism is a product of international atmosphere, of the understandingsbetween countries for its development.

o Psychological factors - They determine the need for travel. It

involves the mental activity of people concerning its interest for

nature, health and beauty. This factors have a great importance for

tourism industry. They are generated by the usual stress, the

removal from nature.

o Social factors - They are the leisure time of people. This term of

leisure time appears in the time of transition of economy to

industrialization. The development of the economy led to the

development of tourism throught the new technologies of firms and

so the interval of the labor force increased,and they have more time

to spend in recreation.Conclusion:

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All this factors contribute to the development of tourism and have a

correlation between them.

BIBLIOGRAPHYTextbooks, Brochures1. McIntosh, Goeldner, Ritchie, Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies, John

Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1995, 552 p

2. "The economic impact of international tourism: dynamic and trends"

3. Definitions and terminology(pag 20)

4. Tourism and development ,chapter 5 Trends and Issues in Tourism IndustryManagement,theme Recent transport Advances,page 89

5. Aspects of Tourism,Sport Tourism Developmentby Thomas Hinch and JamesHigban,page 214

6. NEC Lesson & Exercise Ecotourism in the Niagara Escarpment

7. Tourism and Mountains A Practical Guide to Managing the Environmental and Social Impacts of Mountain Tours

8. Tourism and development ,chapter 5 Trends and Issues in Tourism IndustryManagement,theme Recent transport Advances,page 89

9. Tourism and development ,chapter 5 Trends and Issues in Tourism IndustryManagement,theme The Renaissance,page 89

Tourism and development by K.K.Sharma ,chapter 5 Trends and Issues in

Tourism Industry Management, BIBLIOGRAPHY

Textbooks, Brochures10.theme Dark Ages (500-1100 AD) to Middle Ages (1100-1500 AD ) ,page 88.

11.Tourism and development ,chapter 5 Trends and Issues in Tourism IndustryManagement,theme Travel and Tourism in Antiquity ,page 84

Articles and Publications

http://www.toinitiative.org/fileadmin/docs/publications/mountainguide.pdf http://www.mountainpartnership.org/issues/tourism.htmlhttp://geysergazing.com/geyser-gazing/geyser-tourism

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http://www.toinitiative.org/fileadmin/docs/publications/mountainguide.pdfhttp://www.mountainpartnership.org/issues/tourism.htmlhttp://geysergazing.com/geyser-gazing/geyser-tourismhttp://www.toinitiative.org/fileadmin/docs/publications/mountainguide.pdfhttp://www.mountainpartnership.org/issues/tourism.htmlhttp://geysergazing.com/geyser-gazing/geyser-tourism


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Theme Nr. 2:

The history of Touristdevelopment

Lerning objectives:O 1 The stage of tourism in antiquity.

O 2 The stage of tourism in theMiddle Ages until theRenaissance.

O 3 The stage of tourism in the late Middle Ages during the Renaissance and the great geographical discoveries till mid - 20 th century.

O 4 The period of contemporary tourism.

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O 1 The stage of tourism in

antiquityKey Words: Travel

Trips

Problems

Movement

Events

We travel long roads and cross the water to see what we disregard when itis under our eyes. This is either because nature has so arranged things thatwe go after is far off and remains indifferent to what is nearby, or becauseany desire loses its intensity by being easily satisfied

Wealthy people have always travelled to distant parts of the world, to seegreat buildings, works of art, learn new languages , and experience newcultures and to taste different cuisines . Long ago, at the time of the RomanRepublic , places such as Baia were popular coastal resorts for the rich.Early explorers, traders, and shippers laid the groundwork upon which our modern age of travel is based. Human needs to arrange trips and facilitatemovements have not changed over ages. Building roads, vehicles, andships and providing overnight rest accommodations go back into antiquity.The brave explorers who went into the unknown made available to their contemporaries knowledge of what the world was really like.

Over the centuries, inventions such as the sandglass to measure time, thelog Line to measure distance, made possible successful sea exploration.The roads of early Persia and those of the Roman Empire were used for exploration, for military purposes, for transporting tribute, and for

pleasure trips and recreation. The emergence of human civilization inChina, India, Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, and Rome represented afavorable occasion for tourist movements. A direct source of many tripswas at ancient cities like Rome, Alexandria, and Athens. During this stage

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appeared many problems in movement, people could move only within a particular city. But there were many attractive places, cities, events such asOlympic Games that attract people to travel.

Conclusion : However, the conditions for an ever- expanding tourism

market are little different now from Roman times. Tourism will flourish if prospective travelers are convinced that they will be safe and comfortableand well rewarded by their trip.

O 2 The stage of tourism inthe Middle Ages untilthe Renaissance.

Key Words: Pseudo-tourist

Trade routes

Religious issues

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First universities

Pseudo-tourist corresponds to the period between medieval andRenaissance history in Europe. During this period alltourism activity is confused due to religious fanaticism.People travel from one region to another because of religious issues. Appear pilgrimages to Rome and

Jerusalem (are visited by the Christians), Medina andMecca (by the Muslims), Lhasa by the Buddhists, MountFuji (is the pole of gravity for touristic activities) by the

Japanese. Convoys were led by monk guides.During this period appear first trade routes: Venice-

Vienna-Krakow, Chernovtsy-Baltic Sea -Siren-Galati-Paris-Munich-Prague-Budapest. With the development of traderoutes appears an extension of maritime links used indiplomatic purposes. The most important sea links werethose who united w the Mediterranean ports of East Asiaand Southeast.

The movement of merchants and dealers caused the

emergence of inns. During this period, with a halt of more

than one hundred years, the cultural tourism was developed, promoted by

the emergence of the first universities: Bologna (1119, the oldest), the

Sorbonne (1200), Cambridge (1209), Oxford (1214), Naples (1224),

Prague(1348), Cracow (Krakow) (1364), Vienna (1365), Cologne (Kln)

(1380), etc.

Conclusion : Tourism in the Middle Ages revolved around aimlesswandering and 'educational' wandering. Research material includes the

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sources of the period: texts, chronicles, travelers accounts, literature

(poetry and prose), biographies, deeds, wills etc. Sociological analysis

should focus on country or region of origin, the traveler, and the

destination visited. Comparisons are made between tourism in the middleAges and contemporary tourism: tourism today is seen as a reaction to

everyday routine and a momentary escape from performing many roles in

society; religious tourism, e.g., pilgrimages is still popular; however,

educational tourism, which was popular in the Middle Ages, is quite rare

today.

O 3 The stage of tourism in the lateMiddle Ages during the Renaissance andthe great geographical discoveries till mid- 20 th century.

Key Words: Geographical discoveries

Free movement

Industrial revolution

The Late middle Ages is a term used by historians todescribe European history in the period of the 14th and15th centuries (c. 13001499). The Late Middle Ages werepreceded by the High Middle Ages , and followed by theEarly Modern era (Renaissance ). Around 1300, centuries of European prosperity and growth came to a halt. A series of

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famines and plagues, such as the Great Famine of 13151317 and the Black Death , reduced the population by asmuch as half according to some estimates. Along withdepopulation came social unrest and endemic warfare .France and England experienced serious peasant risings:the Jacquerie , the Peasants' Revolt , and the Hundred Years' War . To add to the many problems of the period, the unityof the Catholic Church was shattered by the Great Schism .Collectively these events are sometimes called the Crisis of the Late Middle Ages .

Despite these crises, the 14th century was also a time of great progress within the arts and sciences. A renewedinterest in ancient Greek and Roman texts led to what haslater been termed the Italian Renaissance . The absorptionof Latin texts had started in the twelfth-centuryRenaissance through contact with Arabs during theCrusades , but the availability of important Greek textsaccelerated with the capture of Constantinople by theOttoman Turks , when many Byzantine scholars had to seekrefuge in the West, particularly Italy . Combined with thisinflux of classical ideas was the invention of printing whichfacilitated dissemination of the printed word anddemocratized learning. These two things would later leadto the Protestant Reformation . Toward the end of theperiod, an era of discovery began ( Age of Discovery ). Thegrowth of the Ottoman Empire , culminating in the fall of Constantinople in 1453, cut off trading possibilities with theeast. Europeans were forced to discover new tradingroutes, as was the case with Columbus s travel to theAmericas in 1492, and Vasco da Gama s circumnavigationof India and Africa in 1498. Their discoveries strengthenedthe economy and power of European nations.

The industrial revolution promoted the leisure industrytoo. The mass tourism could only emerged in anindustrialized society and not in an agricultural one. Thepopulation explosion in the West led to a strongdemographic growth and respectively to the increased

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number of tourists. The transportation links have beenmodernized and the first hotels, spas, and resortsappeared in Germany and France. Thomas Cook arrangedin 1841 the first organized trips, which later alsoestablished the first travel agencies. From the second half of the 19 th century the foundations for the touristinfrastructure have been laid (for instance, the touristareas on the French Riviera: Monte Carlo, San Remo, Nice,Saint-Tropez, etc.). The first tourist guide appeared inFrance in 1672. As from the second decade of the 20 th

century, tourism as subject of study is taught at theUniversities of Dsseldorf (1914), Rome (1925), and Berlin

(1929). The institution of paid leave and the generalspread of passports promoted leisure activities.

Conclusion: The changes brought about by thesedevelopments have caused many scholars to see it asleading to the end of the Middle Ages, and the beginning of the modern world. However, the division will always be asomewhat artificial one for other scholars, who argue thatsince ancient learning was never entirely absent fromEuropean society, there is certain continuity between theClassical and the Modern age. Some historians, particularlyin Italy, prefer not to speak of the Late Middle Ages at all,but rather see the 14th century Renaissance as a directtransition to the Modern Era. Expansion continued asimprovements in transportation linked the resort to a widerrange of visitors markets with better roads and expandedcoach services reducing travel times

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O 4 The period of contemporary tourism. Key Words:

Social change Globalization

Authenticity

The study of tourism and indeed the tourism industry is changing

constantly. Contemporary Tourism: an international approach presents a

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new and refreshing approach to the study of tourism, considering issues

such as the changing world order, destination marketing, tourism ethics

and pro-poor tourism. In particular, it highlights the ongoing threats from

terrorism and health scares faced by the tourism industry today, anddiscusses the related security and risk management strategies, illustrating

the potential implications for the patterns and flow of tourism in the

future. Divided into five sections, each chapter has a thorough learning

structure including chapter objectives, examples, discussion points, self

review questions, checklists and case studies. Cases will be both thematic

and destination-based and always international. They will be used to

emphasise the relationship between general principles and the practice of

tourism looking at areas such as business and special interest tourism and

the role of technology.

The period of mass tourism begins in middle of 20 th century. The

reasons why tourist movement intensified all over the world are:

The shortening of the working days and weeks;

The rise in the standard of living;

The intense development of links and means of transportation;

The development and diversification of tourist supply on a

regional scale;

The increased need for relaxation with regard to city life.

The features of contemporary tourism are:

The growth of its mass nature; The growth of travel distance;

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The growth of tourist consumption;

The diversification of forms of tourism in accordance with

tourists needs;

The mobility due to the perfection of modes and links of

transportation;

The involvement in tourism of the low-income tourists;

The computerization, the automation, and robotization.

Conclusion: This factors of contemporary tourism determined a lot of changes in tourism industry and in all industries of a specific country.Themodernization and the effect of free mobility of people caused the changein contemporary tourism.

Textbooks, Brochures

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12. McIntosh, Goeldner, Ritchie, Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies, JohnWiley & Sons, Inc., 1995, 552 p

13."The economic impact of international tourism: dynamic and trends"

14. Definitions and terminology(pag 20)

15.Tourism and development ,chapter 5 Trends and Issues in Tourism IndustryManagement,theme Recent transport Advances,page 89

16.Aspects of Tourism,Sport Tourism Developmentby Thomas Hinch and JamesHigban,page 214

17.NEC Lesson & Exercise Ecotourism in the Niagara Escarpment

18. Tourism and Mountains A Practical Guide to Managing the Environmental and

Social Impacts of Mountain Tours 19.Tourism and development ,chapter 5 Trends and Issues in Tourism IndustryManagement,theme Recent transport Advances,page 89

20. Tourism and development ,chapter 5 Trends and Issues in Tourism IndustryManagement,theme The Renaissance,page 89

Tourism and development by K.K.Sharma ,chapter 5 Trends and Issues in

Tourism Industry Management, BIBLIOGRAPHY

Textbooks, Brochures21.theme Dark Ages (500-1100 AD) to Middle Ages (1100-1500 AD ) ,page 88.

22.Tourism and development ,chapter 5 Trends and Issues in Tourism IndustryManagement,theme Travel and Tourism in Antiquity ,page 84

Articles and Publications

http://www.toinitiative.org/fileadmin/docs/publications/mountainguide.pdf http://www.mountainpartnership.org/issues/tourism.htmlhttp://geysergazing.com/geyser-gazing/geyser-tourism
http://www.toinitiative.org/fileadmin/docs/publications/mountainguide.pdfhttp://www.mountainpartnership.org/issues/tourism.htmlhttp://geysergazing.com/geyser-gazing/geyser-tourismhttp://www.toinitiative.org/fileadmin/docs/publications/mountainguide.pdfhttp://www.mountainpartnership.org/issues/tourism.htmlhttp://geysergazing.com/geyser-gazing/geyser-tourism

MODEL Raport GRT Eng

Documents

Transcript of MODEL Raport GRT Eng