Model Driven Architecture:Four Years On

Richard Mark Soley, Ph.D.Chairman and CEO

Are You Spending Wisely?

Analysis, Design, Development,Test & Deployment: 10%

Maintenance & Integration: 90%

Roadkill on the Info Highway

Doing things “the way we always do them” isn’t the answer.

OMG: An Interesting History

1989: Founded

1990: CORBA 1

1995: CORBA 2

1996: Vertical specs

1997: UML 1

2001: MDA

2003: UML 2

Model Driven Architecture

• An initiative of the Object Management Group (OMG)

• A brand for tools based on OMG’s UML and MOF open standards

• A set of specifications definedby OMG’s open worldwide process

OMG’s Vision

The Global Information Appliance

Not too bad for electrical power

…but a mess for telephony!

Heterogeneity is Permanent

• Programming languages– ~3 million COBOL programmers– ~1.6 million VB programmers– ~1.1 million C/C++ programmers

• Operating systems– Unix, MVS, VMS, MacOS, Windows, PalmOS, Symbian…– Windows 3.1: it’s still out there!– Embedded devices (mobile, set-top, etc.)

• Networks– Ethernet, ATM, IP, SS7, Firewire, USB– Bluetooth, 802.11b, HomeRF

Where Can We Agree?

• There will not be consensus on hardware platforms• There will not be consensus on operating systems• There will not be consensus on network protocols• There will not be consensus on programming languages

• There must be consensus on models, interfaces and interoperability!

OMG’s Mission Since 1989

• Develop an architecture for (software) integration, with standards focused on:– reusability of components– interoperability & portability– basis in commercially available software

• Specifications freely available• Implementations exist• Member-controlled not-for-profit

Who Are OMG?

Alcatel

AT&T

BEA Systems

Borland

Boeing

Cape Clear

Codagen

Compuware

DaimlerChrysler

EDS

Fraunhofer Fokus

Fujitsu

Hewlett Packard

Hitachi

Hyperion

IBM

IONA

io Software

Kabira

Kennedy Carter

John Deere

L-3

Lockheed Martin

MITRE

Motorola

NASA

NEC

Nokia

NTT DoCoMo

OASIS

Object Consulting

PRISM Technologies

SAP

SAS Institute

Softeam

Sun Microsystems

Tata

Unisys

UTS

W3C

How Can We Protect Software Investment?

• The problem is– Tracking the next best thing– Protecting your investment in existing software base– Retaining qualified staff– Maintaining existing code base

• Integrating what you’ve built– With what you are building– With what you will build!

The Model Driven Architecture

• OMG’s Model Driven Architecture (MDATM) initiative is aimed precisely at this problem

• You have an opportunity to increase your bottom line by integrating your assets

• Industry standards support that goal by future-proofing your application design

• The MDA will help you integrate the mix you have today, and give you an architecture to support the unexpected

• Focus on integrating legacy applications• Ensure smooth integration of COTS applications• Models are testable and simulatable• The aim: a 20-year software architecture

What is Model Driven Architecture?• A New Way to Specify and Build Systems

– Based on modeling with UML– Supports full lifecycle: analysis, design,

implementation, deployment, maintenance, evolution & integration with later systems

– Builds in Interoperability and Portability– Lowers initial cost and maximizes ROI

– Applies directly to the mix you face:• Programming language Network• Operating system Middleware

OMG’s Modeling Suite

• Unified Modeling Language– UMLTM remains the world’s only standardized object-oriented modeling

language, best-known part of the standard

• Common Warehouse Metamodel– CWMTM, the integration of the last two data warehousing initiatives

• Meta-Object Facility– MOFTM, the metadata integration standard– Defines metadata & metadata services– Perfect for the movement to DSL’s

• XML Metadata Interchange– XMITM, the XML-UML standard– Cornerstone of UML tool interoperability– Actually just a collection of mapping rules XML/MOF

Model Driven Architecture

Leveraging UML is Critical

• The Unified Modeling Language is the successor to the dozens of OO A&D notations of the early ’90s.

• Result of an OMG adoption begun in ’96 and completed in ’97

• Complemented with repository (MOF) and XML Metadata specs (XMI)

• Standardization primed the market– Over 200 books, in many languages– Dozens of commercial tools– Widely available training

• Supported by an open process– UML 2.0 & MOF 2.0 developed openly

UML Usage Statistics

Source: BZ Research, August 2004

Current use of UML

Plans for future use use of UML

2058

188 All

Some

Never

Previously

42

40

135 All

Some

Never

Unsure

Why Use UML?

25

39

40

51

69

0 20 40 60 80

Fewer Defects

Faster Development

Easier to maintain

Better Requirements

Match

Improve P roject

Communications

Source: BZ Research, August 2004

MDA Books Proliferating

Some more books

UML Certification Program

OMG/UTI UML Certification Program

Starts November 2003

Worldwide (English & Japanese)

Three levels of accomplishment

Focused on UML 2.0

OMG ENDORSED

MDA FastStart

Fast introduction to MDA technologies– Initial project selection and planning– Consulting– Mentoring– Training

Building an MDA Application

Start with a Platform-Independent Model (PIM) representing business functionality and behavior, undistorted by technology details.

Platform-Independent

Model

A Detailed Model, stating Pre- and Post-Conditions in OCL, and Semantics in Action Language

Generating Platform-Specific Model

Platform-Independent

Model

Map a PIM to Specific Middleware

Technologies via OMG Standard Mappings

MDA tool applies a standard mapping to generate Platform-Specific Model (PSM) from the PIM. Code is partially automatic, partially hand-written.CORBA

Model

Mapping to Multiple Deployment Technologies

Platform-Independent

Model

CORBA Model

MDA tool applies an standard mapping to generate Platform-Specific Model (PSM) from the PIM. Code is partially automatic, partially hand-written.Java/EJB

ModelXML/SOAP

ModelOtherModel

Map a PIM to Many Middleware

Technologies via OMG Standard Mappings

Generating Implementations

Platform-Independent

Model

CORBA Model

MDA Tool generates all or most of the implementation code for deployment technology selected by the developer.

Java/EJBModel

CORBA

XML/SOAPModel

Java/EJB XML/SOAP Other

OtherModel

Map PSM to application interfaces, code, GUI

descriptors, SQL queries, etc.

Integrating Legacy & COTS

Platform-Independent

Model

LegacyApp

MDA Tools for reverse engineering automate discovery of models for re-integration on new platforms.

COTSApp

Other

OtherModel

Reverse-engineer existing application into a model and redeploy.

MDA Benefits

• Full support for your “20 year architecture” across the application lifecycle

• Smooth integration across intra- and inter-business boundaries (across deployment technologies)

• Reduced costs from beginning to end• Reuse of applications, code, training and people• Technology-independent representation of the business• Scalability, robustness & security via generated code• Stable model-based approach maximizes ROI• Rapid inclusion of the next best thing

The CIO Problem Solver

MDA is Proven in Software Development

• Many excellent proofs-of-concept:– Banks, railroads, trading, insurance,

manufacturing, healthcare, etc.– Adopted by UN/CEFACT, SWIFT, ACORD,

HL7 and other key standards players

• Careful studies prove the point– The Middleware Company (TMC)– Electronic Data Systems (EDS)

The Middleware Company

• Two 3-person teams implementing Sun’s Pet Store– Typical 3-tier e-commerce, Sun Java

Blueprints

• 35% cost savings using MDA tool– Traditional tools: 508 man-hours– MDA tools: 330 man-hours

TMC Conclusions

“Based on the results of this case study, The Middleware Company is impressed by the productivity gains our MDA team experienced using the Model-Driven Architecture. We encourage organizations that wish to improve their developer productivity to evaluate MDA-based development tools for their projects, especially those involving enterprise-class applications and web services. While a short introduction to the MDA approach and tools might be necessary for development teams, the productivity benefits gained from the approach - especially for work on subsequent applications - make the effort significantly worthwhile.”

Most interesting result: bugs found by traditional team werehigher-level – MDA tools allow shakeout of high-level designmuch earlier in the development process.

http://www.compuware.com/dl/MDAComparisonTMCfinal.pdf

Electronic Data Systems study

• Three parallel implementations– J2EE: 14,000 hand-coded lines– .Net/C#: 4,000 hand-coded lines– OptimalJ: 600 hand-coded lines

• Conversion from J2EE 1.1-2.0– Projected: several months– Using OptimalJ: 30 minutes

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

Total UI Mid-tier Data-tier Config

MDA

.NET

J 2EE

EDS Coding Results

EDS Conclusions

“MDA helps organizations achieve agile and adaptable IT so they can overcome ... business challenges. Through this evolutionary approach, collaborative teams can enjoy a wide range of compelling business benefits:• Rapid inclusion of emerging technology benefits into existing

systems • Reduced cost throughout the application life cycle• Reduced development time for new applications• Increased return on technology investments • Improved application quality”

http://www.eds.com/thought/thought_leadership_agility_model_arch.pdf

MDA in Practice

• Several excellent proofs-of-concept:– Wells Fargo (an architecture that has already been resilient

through a decade of change)– Lockheed Martin Aeronautics– GCPR in US government– Deutsche Bank Bauspar– Defense Information Systems– Merrill Lynch– Österreichische Bundesbahn– Thales Training & Simulation– Zuercher Kantonal Bank– CGI– Chubb and Son

National Service Industries

• Upgrade 30-year-old legacy

• Initial proposal >5 years, >US$5MM

• Delivered in <1 year, US$1MM

• Initial 80% savings

http://www.omg.org/mda/mda_files/NationalServicesIndustries.htm

Austrian Railways

• Integrated billing application (with scheduling, SAP management)

• Immense application (up to 400k EJB’s)

• Immediate, initial cost savings 35%

http://www.io-software.com/customers/Success_Stories/SuccessStory_OeBB.pdf

CGI/Loto-Québec

• Major redevelopment of provincial lottery management for features & performance

• Calculated 32.2% cost reduction, 700% ROI

• Headcount and specialization savings

• 50% code reduction

http://www.omg.org/mda/mda_files/Codagen_CGIstory.pdf

Lockheed Martin F-16

• Modular Mission Computer

• Cross-platform mission solution

• 100% code generation

• 20% initial development savings

http://www.omg.org/mda/mda_files/LockheedMartin.pdf

Outsourcing: Pros & Cons

• MDA supports outsourcing (lowers “cost of agreement” risk)…

• …but also removes one of the reasons.

• M1 Global Systems: internal app dev’t– $6.2MM expected cost– $2.3MM using MDA– $1.0MM using MDA, outsourced

MDA Four Years On

• 2000: initial impetus for initiative

• 2001: members carry initiative forward

• 2002: initial profiles

• 2003: UML 2, MOF 2

• 2004: BPM, Embedded

BPM & Embedded, Huh?

• Code generation isn’t the be-all to end-all

• The key idea is– Generic metamodeling– Capturing design– Supporting transformation– Reusing tools & expertise

MDA in the Verticals

• Finance: Payments Gateways Project

• Robotics: Household Robot Applications

• Healthcare: Healthcare Records

• Justice: Integrated Judicial/Penal Systems

• C4I: Geospatial Sensory Webs

MDA is a general pattern

• There is a general pattern to MDA:– Discover multiple syntaxes for a single

semantic– Derive & design a model which underlies that

semantic– Develop transformations between

those models

Why Apply MDA?

• For vendors, leveraging products into patents, systems engineering, business process…

• For end-users, leveraging people, training and process

• Discover, derive, design

• Retarget as technology changes

Business Process Modeling

• Beginning of 2005 will feature new specifications:– Business Process Metamodel– BPM interface standards for interoperability– Business Rules Model

Embedded Systems

• Already a major focus for OMG in the CORBA world, Model Integrated Computing focuses on:– Generating embedded implementation from

models– Real-time execution– “Executable UML”

MDA in Systems Engineering

• Early 2005, a new UML-based specification for Model-Driven Systems Engineering (SE):– Integrated hardware/software design– Integrated planning/engineering

UML in Patents?

• The most exciting area for extension: UML as a business tool

• Patents in the US and Europe already depend on UML to explain processes and design

• Should UML be taught inbusiness schools?

OMG Compliance Consortium

• The fastest-growing problem in IT– Regulatory compliance grows more

complicated by the day– Example: Sarbanes-Oxley in the US

• Standard models to ensure compliance• Standardized best practices• Newsletter, workshops, webinars,

seminars, research, support,…

To Get More Information

• MDA Information Page– http://www.omg.org/mda/

• OMG General Information– http://www.omg.org/

• Contact the Author– soley@omg.org

http://www.omg.org/~soley/mda4yearson.ppt