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1 Fig. 1.1 shows a smooth metal block about to slide down BD, along DE and up EF.

BD and DE are friction-free surfaces, but EF is rough. The block stops at F.

(a) On Fig. 1.2, sketch the speed-time graph for the journey from B to F.

Label D, E and F on your graph. [3]

(b) The mass of the block is 0.2 kg. The vertical height of B above A is 0.6 m.

The acceleration due to gravity is 10 m/s2.

(i) Calculate the work done in lifting the block from A to B.

work done = ............................

(ii) At C, the block is moving at a speed of 2.5 m/s. Calculate its kinetic energy at C.

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kinetic energy = ...............................

[5]

(c) As it passes D, the speed of the block remains almost constant but the velocity

changes. Using the terms vectorand scalar, explain this statement.

.........................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................[2]

(d) F is the point where the kinetic energy of the block is zero. In terms of energy changes,

explain why F is lower than B.

.........................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................[3]

2 A student is given the following apparatus in order to find the density of a piece of rock.

100 g mass

metre rule

suitable pivot on which the rule will balance

measuring cylinder that is big enough for the piece of rock to fit inside

cotton

water

The rock has a mass of approximately 90 g.

(a) (i) In the space below, draw a labelled diagram of apparatus from this list set up so

that the student is able to find the mass of the piece of rock.

(ii) State the readings the student should take and how these would be used to find the

mass of the rock...................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

[5]

(b) Describe how the volume of the rock could be found.

.........................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................[2]

(c) The mass of the rock is 88 g and its volume is 24 cm3.

Calculate the density of the rock.

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density of rock = .............................. [2]

3 Fig. 3.1 shows a simple see-saw. One child A sits near to end X and another child B sits

near to end Y. The feet of the children do not touch the ground when the see-saw is

balanced.

(a) Child A has a mass of 18.0 kg and child B has a mass of 20.0 kg.

Without calculation, indicate where the children could sit so that the see-saw balances

horizontally. You may draw on Fig. 3.1 if you wish.

.........................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) State the relationship between the moment caused by child A and that caused bychild B.

.........................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Child A is 2.50m from the pivot. Calculate the distance of child B from the pivot.

distance = .................................... [2]

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4 Fig. 4.1 shows water being heated by an electrical heater. The water in the can is not

boiling, but some is evaporating.

(a) Describe, in terms of the movement and energies of the water molecules, how

evaporation takes place.

.........................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) State two differences between evaporation and boiling.

1 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

2 ......................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................... [2]

(c) After the water has reached its boiling point, the mass of water in the can is reduced

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by 3.2 g in 120 s. The heater supplies energy to the water at a rate of 60W. Use this

information to calculate the specific latent heat of vaporisation of water.

specific latent heat = ............................. [3]

5 (a) Equal volumes of nitrogen, water and copper at 20 C are heated to 50 C.

(i) Which one of the three will have a much greater expansion than the other two?

.................................................................................................................................

(ii) Explain your answer in terms of the way the molecules are arranged in the threesubstances.

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

[3]

(b) Fig. 5.1 shows a thermometer with a range of 10 C to 50 C.

Explain what is meant by

(i) the sensitivityof a thermometer,

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

(ii) the linearityof a thermometer.

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

[2]

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6 Fig. 6.1 shows an optical fibre. XY is a ray of light passing along the fibre.

(a) On Fig. 6.1, continue the ray XY until it passes Z. [1]

(b) Explain why the ray does not leave the fibre at Y.

.........................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................[2]

(c) The light in the optical fibre has a wavelength of 3.2 x 107 m and is travelling at a speed

of 1.9 x 108m/s.

(i) Calculate the frequency of the light.

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frequency = ...

(ii) The speed of light in air is 3.0 x 108m/s.

Calculate the refractive index of the material from which the fibre is made.

refractive index = ...

[4]

7 Fig. 6.1 shows a ray of light, from the top of an object PQ, passing through two glass

prisms.

(a) Complete the path through the two prisms of the ray shown leaving Q. [1]

(b) A person looking into the lower prism, at the position indicated by the eye symbol, sees

an image of PQ.

State the properties of this image.

.....................................................................................................................................[2]

(c) Explain why there is no change in direction of the ray from P at points A, C, D and F.

.........................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................[1]

(d) The speed of light as it travels from P to A is 3 108 m/s and the refractive index of the

prism glass is 1.5.

Calculate the speed of light in the prism.

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speed = ........................[2]

(e) Explain why the ray AB reflects through 90 at B and does not pass out of the prism

at B..........................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................[2]

8 Fig. 7.1 shows a 12 V battery connected to a number of resistors.

(a) Calculate the current in the 8resistor.

current = ..[2]

(b) Calculate, for the resistors connected in the circuit, the combined resistance of

(i) the two 5resistors,

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resistance = ..

(ii)the two 4resistors.

resistance = ..

[2]

(c) The total current in the two 4resistors is 6 A.

Calculate the total power dissipated in the two resistors.

power = ..[2]

(d) What will be the reading on a voltmeter connected across

(i) the two 4resistors,

reading = ..

(ii) one 5resistor?

reading = ..

[2]

(e) The 8resistor is made from a length of resistance wire of uniform cross-sectional area.

State the effect on the resistance of the wire of using

(i) the same length of the same material with a greater cross-sectional area,

..................................................................................................................................

(ii) a smaller length of the same material with the same cross-sectional area.

..................................................................................................................................

[2]

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9 Fig. 8.1 shows a high-voltage supply connected across two metal plates.

When the supply is switched on, an electric field is present between the plates.

(a) Explain what is meant by an electric field .

.................................................................................................................................... [2]

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(b) On Fig. 8.1, draw the electric field lines between the plates and indicate their direction

by arrows. [2]

(c) The metal plates are now joined by a high-resistance wire. A charge of 0.060 C passes

along the wire in 30 s.

Calculate the reading on the ammeter.

ammeter reading = [2]

(d) The potential difference of the supply is re-set to 1500 V and the ammeter reading

changes to 0.0080 A. Calculate the energy supplied in 10 s. Show your working.

energy = . [3]

10 Fig. 10.1 shows a circuit that is used to switch on a lamp automatically when it starts to go

dark.

(a) Write down the names of the components labelled A, B, C and D.

A ........................................... B ...........................................

C ........................................... D ........................................... [2]

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(b) Which of the four components A, B, C or D acts as a switch?

........................[1]

(c) Explain why the lamp comes on as it goes dark.

.........................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................[3]

11.Fig. 10.1 shows the basic parts of a transformer.

(a) Use ideas of electromagnetic induction to explain how the input voltage is transformed

into an output voltage. Use the three questions below to help you with your answer.

What happens in the primary coil?

.........................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

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What happens in the core?

.........................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

What happens in the secondary coil?

.........................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. [5]

(b) State what is needed to make the output voltage higher than the input voltage.

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) The core of this transformer splits along XX and YY. Explain why the transformer would

not work if the two halves of the core were separated by about 30 cm.

.........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) A 100% efficient transformer is used to step up the voltage of a supply from 100 V to

200V. A resistor is connected to the output. The current in the primary coil is 0.4 A.

Calculate the current in the secondary coil.

current = [2]

12. (a) particles, particles and rays are known as ionising radiations.

(i) Describe what happens when gases are ionised by ionising radiations..................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

(ii) Suggest why particles are considered better ionisers of gas than -particles.

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

[3]

(b) (i) Suggest two practical applications of radioactive isotopes.

1. ..............................................................................................................................

2. ..............................................................................................................................

(ii) For one of the applications that you have suggested, describe how it works, or draw

a labelled diagram to illustrate it in use.

.................................................................................................................................

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.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

[4]

13. A radioactive source emits only -particles.

(a) A scientist wishes to investigate the deflection of -particles by an electric field. Draw a

labelled diagram to suggest a suitable experimental arrangement.

[3]

(b) State how the apparatus would be used to show the deflection of the -particles by the

electric field..........................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [2]

(c) State how the results would show the deflection of the -particles.

.........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) Explain the direction of the deflection obtained.

.........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

Marking scheme

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7

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8.

9.

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11

12.

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13.