Mock Drill and First Aid Drill

8/17/2019 Mock Drill and First Aid Drill

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1.Introduction-Speech-ContentsWhat is mock drill, brief description of programThanking seniors.2.Fire- lecturer and practical by Prajesh -Contents-Fire Triangle, Classification, Fire Transmission & Spread-(Direct burning,Con ection, Conduction, !adiation"UK Fire classification-

#- Common Combustible$-Flammable %i uids.C-Flammable 'asesD- etalF-Cooking oil & Fat fire)-)lectrical Fire- # oided because )lectricit* is not a fuel .

• Direct urnin!The simplest method of fire spread, +here a flame front mo es along or through the burningmaterial. For e ample, if the corner of a piece of paper catches fire, the flame front +illspread across the paper.• "on#ectionThe principle that hot air rises and cold air sinks. ot gases generated b* the fire risestraight up from the fire

/ 0nside a building these hot gases +ill hit the ceiling and then spread out to form a la*erunderneath the ceiling. When these hot gases touch an* combustible material (suchas a +ooden curtain pole" the* ma* heat that material up sufficientl* so that it bursts into

flame. / 1utdoors these con ection currents +ill contain burning embers that are carriedon the currents until the air cools and the embers are dropped to the ground. This isa common +a* for forest fires to tra el and

2ump o er obstacles (such as roads".• "onductionThe principle that heat can be transmitted through solid materials. Some metals, inparticular, conduct heat er* efficientl* (e.g. copper". #n* pipes, +ires, ducts or ser icesrunning from room to room can act as conduits for heat and spread the fire.• $adiation

eat energ* can be radiated through air in the form of infrared heat +a es, +hich tra el instraight lines (2ust like light" and can pass through transparent surfaces (such as glass".!adiant heat generated b* a fire shines onto nearb* surfaces and is absorbed. 0f thematerial heats up sufficientl* it can burst into flames.


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The fire triangle is useful for t+o reasons3 Fire pre#ention / if the three elements are kept apart fire cannot start.3 Fire-fi!htin! / if one of the elements is remo ed the fire +ill go out.


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The follo+ing t*pes of portable fire e tinguisher are commonl* found in +orkplaces (notethat the classes of fires used here refer to the 45 classification s*stem outlined earlier"

• %ater / suitable for Class # fires. Works b* cooling the fire. Standard +ater e tinguishersare not suitable for use on Classes $, D or F fires or li e electrical e uipment (risk ofshock". Certain specialised +ater e tinguishers are a ailable for use on Class $ and Ffires.3 "arbon dio&ide / suitable for Class $ fires, especiall* fires in ol ing li e electricale uipment. Works b* smothering the fire. 6ot suitable for use on Class D fires. ust beused +ith care because the bod* of the e tinguisher gets er* cold during use and cancause a free7e- burn in2ur*.• Foa' / suitable for Class # and $ fires. Works b* smothering the fire, or b* pre entingcombustible apours from mi ing +ith air.• Dry po(der / suitable for all classes and use on li e electrical e uipment. Works b*smothering the fire. Can be er* mess* .


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).*'er!ency Preparedness e#acuation-+ecture by inoy.!oute map, #ssembl* points,Chain of command authorit*.Controller, commander etc%ocation of e its, assembl* area, headcount.8rocedure for further e acuation in case of personnel missingT+o teams- Fire Team and !escue Team.

Trainings needed- 0ndi idual roles and responsibilities, threats , ha7ards & protecti eactions, notification, +arning and communications procedures, emergenc* responseprocedures , e acuation , headcount, location and use of common e uipments, emergenc*shutdo+n procedure. First ,id

#n*thing to stop bleeding

1 *gen from ourself 8atient -Sur i e first *ou- #mbulance - ospital 9doctor 0f patient not breathing -0f +e +ait for ambulance he +ill die- so *ou ha e to do something tosa e life.F, for 3 8reser e life.3 8re ent deterioration.3 8romote reco er*.

4se good +ords, emotional support to the in2ured.

1 *gen -%ungs- blood $rain Controlling all bod*., " - #- #ir+a* , $-$reathing , C- Circulation.) haled 1 *gen is :;<

uscles +ill rela ed -tongue +ill go do+n- lift the chin up and tongue +ill come up.Close the noseD$", - For "P$D-Danger of ha7ards like fire, electrical , to ic gas etc. !emo e the patient from danger orremo e the danger from patient.!- !esponse of ictim- 0f no response call for help-call ::=- 6o need to check pulse - onl*check $reathing - Count : to :? - :??:,:??=,:??@....:?:?.C- Compression @? times

#- #ir+a* . 1pen air+a*$-$reathing - = times :;< of each breath one second - Do until #mbulance 9 edical arri edor *ou e hausted or patient comes normal."uts

urns : st , = nd and @ rd- Cut the cloths, - +h* A cloth ma* stuck in +ound, +ash or clean theskin , cool the area +ith cold running +ater until the pain kill, co er the +ound b* cleancloth.


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*, S /F *S",P*When a fire emergenc* occurs and people ha e to e acuate a +orkplace there must be oneor more escape routes a ailable for them to use. This escape route is the Bmeans ofescape . %ocal regulations, codes of practice and standards ar* in determining e actl*+hat might be re uired in each specific circumstance, but the follo+ing general principlescan be applied• There should be a means of escape a ailable to e er* person in a +orkplace, +hether

the* are in an office, +orkroom, plant room, basement, on the roof, or on a scaffold on aconstruction site.

• The means of escape should allo+ an able-bodied person to tra el the entire route b*their o+n unaided effort. The* should not ha e to use machiner* (such as a passengerlift" e cept in special cases (+hen the machiner* must be rated for escape purposes".

• The means of escape must take a person from +here er the* are in the +orkplace to a

place of safet* outside the building +here the* are able to mo e a+a* unrestricted.• T+o or more separate escape routes ma* ha e to be pro ided so that if one route is

blocked there is another a ailable. This is common in high occupanc* multi-store*buildings.

• The tra el distance that a person has to co er from their location in the building to thefinal e it out of the building should be as short as possible (and must normall* meetspecific ma imum distance criteria".

• The +idth of corridors, passage+a*s and doors should be sufficient to allo+ the free and

fast mo ement of the numbers of people that might be anticipated (and must normall*meet specific minimum +idth criteria".

• The escape route should be clearl* signed and appropriatel* lit.• )mergenc* lighting should be pro ided +here necessar* (in case the mains po+er

suppl* fails".• The route that a person has to take should be unimpeded b* obstructions such as

stored material or inappropriate doors.

an* factors affect the e act specification of the means of escape. T+o important factorsare the number of people that +ill be occup*ing an* gi en room or area, and the generalle el of fire risk of the +orkplace. So, for e ample, the means of escape for a lo+-risk

+orkplace +ith a small number of emplo*ees present (e.g. :?" might consist of one e itin ol ing a long tra el distance. o+e er, this +ould be unacceptable for a high-risk+orkplace +ith a large number of emplo*ees (e.g. =??", +here se eralalternati e e its +ith short tra el distances +ould be re uired.

0ra#el Distances1ne important characteristic of the means of escape is the tra el distance that a person hasto take from +here erthe* are in a room or area to the nearest a ailable

3 Final e it (+hich takes the person outside the building to a place of total safet*".3 Store* e it (+hich takes the person into a protected stair+a*".


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3 Separate fire compartment (+hich contains a final e it".

This tra el distance has to be assessed during the fire risk assessment +hen determiningthe means of escape and is sub2ect to guidance. 'enerall*, the higher the fire risk of the+orkplace, the shorter the tra el distance has to be. The number of e its is anotherimportant characteristic of the means of escape. 0n some instances it ma* be acceptable topro ide 2ust one e it route from a room or area. o+e er, if the fire risk is high, the numberof occupants is high, or tra el distances are long, t+o or more e its should be pro ided. Theunderl*ing principle of ha ing t+o e its is that a person can turn in t+o completel* differentdirections and then has t+o completel* separate routes through and out of thebuilding.

Stairs and Passa!e(aysStairs and passage+a*s used as means of escape usuall* ha e to be protected against fireingress to a higher degree than other parts of a building to ensure that the* +ill be free ofsmoke and flame, so that the* can be used as escape routes. The +alls, floor and ceiling+ill, therefore, be fire-resistant and an* doors +ill be fire doors. 0t is important that thesestairs and passage+a*s are kept free of an* e uipment or materials that might start, orbecome in ol ed in, a fire.DoorsDoors in the means of escape must be suitable, and

3 )asil* operated b* a person in a hurr*.3 Wide enough to allo+ unimpeded passage.3 1pen in the direction of tra el (though this is not usuall* a strict re uirement +here

occupanc* numbers are lo+".3 #ble to be opened at all times +hen the* might be needed (not locked in such a +a*

that a person in the building cannot open them".

*'er!ency *scape +i!htin!)scape routes should be ade uatel* lit. 6ormal +orkplace lighting +ill normall* achie e this,but there should be arrangements to co er non-routine situations (such as night-time+orking" and po+er failures. )mergenc* escape lighting ma* be necessar* +here po+erfailure +ill result in a blackout. 0n er* simple +orkplaces this ma* be a rechargeable torchbut in man* +orkplaces emergenc* escape lighting units are re uired. )mergenc* escape

lighting should3 0lluminate the escape route.3 0lluminate fire signs and e uipment.3 $e maintained in safe +orking order.3 $e tested routinel*.


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*&it and Directional Si!nsThe escape route should be eas* to follo+. Signs should be pro ided so that people cansee the direction of their a ailable escape routes uickl* and easil*, leading all the+a* to a final e it, also signed. These signs should meet rele ant regulations, standards,etc. and be carefull* selected and fi ed so that the* are er* eas* to interpret. Some signs,especiall* in critical positions, can also incorporate escape lighting, +hile others ma* bephoto- luminescent (signs that Bglo+ in the dark ".

,sse'bly Points #n assembl* point is a place +here +orkers congregateonce the* ha e e acuated a building. This allo+s for a rollcall to be taken and an* missing persons to be identified.

#ssembl* points should be

3 # safe distance from the building (it ma* be on fire".

3 #t a safe location (not in a high ha7ard area".

3 #t a location +here further escape is possible if needed.3 1ut of the +a* of fire-fighters.3 Clearl* signed.0n some cases, a temporar* assembl* point or Brefuge ma* be pro ided inside a building.This is a protected location (normall* on or ad2acent to a main means of escape" +herepeople can +ait for a short time. This might be used as a location +here a person +ithimpaired mobilit* temporaril* +aits for assistance to e acuate the building.

*'er!ency *#acuation Procedures) er* +orkplace should ha e formal documentedprocedures in place to deal +ith fire emergencies,including

3 ) acuation procedures.3 6ominating responsible staff to fulfil certain roles.3 Training staff and pro iding information to isitors and members of the public.3 Conducting drills to test procedures.)mergenc* procedures must be de eloped so that staff kno+ +hat to do in the e ent offoreseeable fire emergencies. #ppropriate procedures should tell people the action to takeif the* disco er a fire and +hat to do if the alarm sounds. These procedures are usuall*

uite simple


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Fire PlansThe follo+ing factors should be considered +hende eloping a fire plan

3 Details of +ho is likel* to be in the building / Workers. / isitors. / Contractors. / ulnerable persons.

3 #ction to be taken b* the person +ho finds the fire / o+ +ill the alarm be raisedA / o+ +ill the emergenc* ser ices be contacted (+ill this be an automatic s*stem, or +illsomeone be re uired to phone the fire ser ice"A

3 )scape routes / 6umber and location. / Tra el distances. / 8ro ision of fire e it route signs. / )mergenc* lighting of escape corridors and stair+ells.

3 Fire-fighting e uipment / 8ro ision of portable e uipment (t*pes and location".

3 #ction to be taken after e acuation / !oll call.

/ Fire marshals to check building is e acuated.3 Training

/ 0n use of e uipment. / Fire drills. / Co-operation +ith other emplo*ers on site.

The emphasis in an* procedures must be on personal safet* and the ke* message must beto sound the alarm, get out and sta* outE

ore complicated procedures ma* ha e to be de eloped for certain situations. Fore ample, in a hospital, rather than use the basic approach gi en in the sample procedureabo e, it might be more appropriate to carr* out a phased e acuation. ere, onl* those inthe immediate icinit* of the fire are e acuated at first, follo+ed b* a gradual e acuationfalling back from the seat of the fire. 0n this +a*, the large numbers of people and thepractical issues associated +ith mo ing the infirm might be managed moreeasil*.0rainin! and Infor'ation

#ll emplo*ees in a +orkplace should be pro ided +ith basic information about fire safet* ingeneral and the fire procedures in particular. This should be done at induction and might berepeated periodicall*, or as the need arises. 0nformation on fire procedures should also be

pro ided to contractors and isitors, perhaps through induction training programmes, or b*pro iding +ritten information. 0nforming members of the public about fire procedures can be


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more of a problem since, in man* +orkplaces, the* can +alk in off the street and there is noopportunit* for pro iding +ritten information (e.g. at a shopping centre". 0n thesecircumstances, a public address (8#" s*stem ma* be the best +a* of keeping the publicinformed of an emergenc* situation and the action that the* should take.

#ppropriate training should be pro ided to staff +ho

3 ight ha e to use portable fire e tinguishers, or other fire-fighting e uipment.3 a e a fire marshalling role (see belo+".3 Will be helping infirm or disabled people during an e acuation.3 #re members of the fire team.

!ecords of all training should be kept. )mplo*ers should take into account the health andsafet* capabilities of emplo*ees +hen entrusting them +ith fire safet* tasks. This +ill appl*at all le els of emplo*ee training, including competent persons, fire marshals, etc.

FI$* ,$S3,+SWhate er the fire e acuation procedures are, there +ill al+a*s be the need for somemembers of staff to take on particular roles in the emergenc* situation, perhaps asnominated Bfire marshals (sometimes called Bfire +ardens " to take roll calls of +orkers atassembl* points and report back to a responsible manager.Fire 'arshals 'i!ht be re4uired to5

3 Check all areas in the building to ensure that e er*one kno+s that an e acuation is inprogress and to help +here necessar*. This is common practice in buildings +heremembers of the public ma* be present (e.g. shopping centres".

3 'i e special assistance to the disabled and infirm. This ma* re uire the use of speciale acuation e uipment such as an Be ac-chair .

3 0n estigate the site of the fire (as indicated b* the fire alarm s*stem controls". Some+orkplaces operate a fire team +hose role in ol es in estigation of fire alarms and fire-fighting. igh-risk installations ma* e en ha e their o+n in-house fire-fighters +ith allthe ehicles, e uipment and resources that might be a ailable to the emergenc*ser ices (e.g. at an airport".

FI$* D$I++S

Fire e acuation arrangements need to be tested b* carr*ing out fire drills. Some of thesema* be in response to false alarms, but others should be planned.Fire drills

3 #llo+ +orkers to practise emergenc* procedures.3 )nable the effecti eness of procedures to be tested to ensure that fast, effecti e

e acuation of the building takes place and that all +orkers beha e in an appropriatemanner.

!ecords of fire drills, learning points and follo+-up actionsshould be kept.


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$oll "all1nce +orkers and contractors ha e e acuated a building and collected at their assembl*points, it is usual to take a roll call to ensure that all persons are accounted for and no oneis missing. This means that arrangements must be made for taking an effecti e roll callaccurate lists of names of those on site must be produced and responsible indi idualsgi en the task of taking the roll-call. 0n some cases, a roll call +ill be impractical, so analternati e method of ensuring that people ha e e acuated from the +orkplace +ill bere uired (e.g. building checks b* fire marshals".

Pro#ision for the Infir' and DisabledStaff +ith hearing or other disabilities must be accommodated +ithin an e acuation plan.8lans must be in place to assist people in +heelchairs +ho cannot use stairs if a lift isinacti ated (in most cases, lifts and escalators are not appropriate as escape routes".

8ro ision must also be made for the needs of other groups +ith limited mobilit*, such aschildren and elderl* people. Temporar* illness and infirmit* must also be taken into account,e.g. a +orker +ith a broken leg must be accommodated in the e acuation plan. Whenputting these arrangements in place, the nature and degree of disabilit* or infirmit* shouldbe taken into account, ideall* in consultation +ith the indi idual concerned. arioussolutions might then be consideredFor e ample

3 # +orker +ith some hearing impairment might be capable of hearing the audible firealarm in their +ork area, so no special arrangements are re uired.

3 # profoundl* deaf +orker might not be able to hear the audible alarm, in +hich case aisible alarm (flashing light" might be used in con2unction +ith the audible alarm or a

budd* s*stem might be adopted +here a colleague alerts the +orker to the fire alarm or a technical solution might be sought in ol ing a ibrating pager.

3 # +heelchair user abo e ground le el in a multi-store* building might be pro ided +ith arefuge ad2acent to the stair+ell (a protected area +here the* can +ait for a short periodof time". The* might then be helped do+n the stairs b* nominated responsibleindi iduals, perhaps +ith the aid of an Be ac-chair . 6ote that the* should not be leftalone in the refuge and that their safe e acuation is usuall* considered the responsibilit*of their emplo*er, not the fire and rescue ser ice.

UI+DI 6 P+, SThe means of escape should be sho+n on the plans of a building. These plans usuall*constitute one of the records contained in the fire risk assessment. 0n some situationsbuilding plans should be displa*ed in the building (e.g. in a multi-store* building, a plan ofeach floor ma* be displa*ed on that floor" so that those +ithin it can clearl* see +hat theirescape routes should be. ) amples of building plans are often found on the back of hotel-room doors.

Mock Drill and First Aid Drill

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