MOCAGE last results for AMMA

Béatrice Josse,Météo-France

CNRM/GMGEC/CARMA

Paris Workshop, Sept 16-17 2008

Plan

I Configuration and experiments

II A global / integrated overview

III What happens on Africa

– On the ground– In the lower troposphere– On the whole vertical

IV Partial conclusions, future plans and questions

GLOBE 2°x2°

AMMA 0.5°x0.5° MOCAGE

47 hybrid levelsChemscheme : RACMOBUS (strato-tropo)

Subgrid parameterization :

- convection (Bechtold, 2001)

- scavenging (Mari et al, 2000 + Liu et al, 2001)

- dry deposition (Wesely, 1989)

- eddy diffusion (Louis, 1979)

Resolved-scale transport :

Semi-lagrangian (Williamson et Rasch,1989)

MOCAGE configuration for AMMA

I Config. and Exp.

MOCAGE configuration for AMMA

Injection of Biomass Burning Fires:

From Lmax to the ground INJ(L+1) = 0.5 INJ(L) From Lmax+1to Lmax+2 INJ(L–1) = 0.3 INJ(L)

Boreal latitude : Lmax = 6000m

Mid-latitude :

Lmax = 4000m

Tropical latitudes :

Lmax = 1000m

I Config. and Exp.

Experiments

Experiment

Emissions Meteorology

A 2006 Hybrid 2000 Arpege

B 2006 Hybrid 2006Arpege Tropiques

C 2000 Hybrid 2000Arpege

Hybrid : LA emissions on Africa, RETRO-2000 + GFED elsewhere

I Config. and Exp.

Emissions

Emissions of CO and NOx for Experiment B :

Specie FFBF BB Biogen Total

CO 458.75 521.25 100.75 1080.75 Tg CO

NOx 27.82 7.86 4.99 40.67 Tg N

I Config. and Exp.

Global overview Ozone total columns

MOCAGE Observations

January

April

II Global and integrated overview.

Global overviewOzone total columns

MOCAGE Observations

August

October

The model runs stable throughout 2006

II Global and integrated overview.

Global overview Ozone tropospheric columns

Jan

Apr

MOCAGE TES Obs

II Global and integrated overview.

Global overview Ozone tropospheric columns

MOCAGE TES Obs

Aug

Oct

II Global and integrated overview.

African Focus

Low troposphere CO (~850hPa)

January AugustMOCAGE MOPITT MOCAGE MOPITT

Intensity and position of biomass fires well represented

Atlantic export well seen, too high in August

Underestimation of concentrations above Sahara, Persian Gulf and southern Europe.

II Global and integrated overview.

African Focus

Low troposphere NOx : August 2006

MOCAGE 850 hPa MOCAGE surface Schiamachy trop. column

Vertical distribution (and hence injections) is crucial

II Global and integrated overview.

Ozone and NOx annual cyclesat Nangatchori

Ozone and NOx annual cycles well seen Evidence of a lack in NOx ground emissions Waiting for other IDAF sites observations.

IIIAfrica : at the ground

AMMA campaignCotonou August Ozone Radio-Soundings

Ozone at different levels in August 2006

surface 850 hPa 600 hPa

Cotonou

IIIAfrica : on the vertical

AMMA campaignCotonou August Ozone Radio-Soundings

•Some patterns very well reproduced, some other missed•Too much ozone at the surface•Chemical tropopause OK.

IIIAfrica : on the vertical

Amma flightsOzone data (M55 data missing)

MOCAGE Observations

IIIAfrica : on the vertical

Amma flightsCO data (M55 data missing)

MOCAGE Observations

IIIAfrica : on the vertical

Is convection too efficient ?

A high temporal variability

Monthly means for August 2006

IIIAfrica : on the vertical

Flight zone

The flight zone is at the limit of the mean gradients

A high temporal variability

Emissions are the same throughout the month

IIIAfrica : on the vertical

Conclusions

Correct behaviour of MOCAGE, in a global point of view, for CO and Ozone.

NOx still have to be investigated. First results seem to point out a relatively good agreement, but ground emissions are lacking. LiNOx to be systematically included.

Very high temporal variability in the model, despite constant emissions during a month. Sometimes patterns are captured, sometimes not : Emissions or meteorology?

IV Conclusions and plans

Other species have to be looked at : for instance, HCHO seems right, OH seems to be high compared to other models. PAN, HNO3 and H2O2 not yet analysed.

Tracer experiments have to be carefully used to explain models behaviour

New observations will be (hopefully) soon available, like depositions.

New experiments will be made (D, with higher frequency emissions)

Plans, questions and remarks…

IV Conclusions and plans

Plans, questions and remarks…

Analysis of data from flights has to be more carefull than just a 1-plot :

IV Conclusions and plans

Example of 2 ozone profiles from ATR : over or under-estimation?

Plans, questions and remarks…

New experiment (D) + baseline runs + sensitivity to meteorology = lots of experiments ! In the frame of the intercomparison, we need to find performant tests, the amount of data to is at the moment too high

The question of emissions is still important : what about biogenics?

IV Conclusions and plans

Biogenic emissions (Tg C or N)

E040S59M00IP CO 43.18523

E013S59M90IP HC3 174.6670

E014S59M90IP HC5 49.82963

E015S59M90IP HC8 9.863806

E016S59M90IP ETE 4.931903

E023S59M90IP KET 19.98766

E005S71M00IP NOx 4.999860

E025S90M90GE ISO 503

E026S00M90IP API 127

E027S00M90IP LIM 260