Prashant VikramCRP Wheat Representative

CIMMYT

Genetic approaches for mobilizing gene bank variation

Why we need gene bank ?

Utilizing gene bank biodiversity could be one way to enhance productivity of wheat

Rht1 & 2: Japanese dwarf landrace wheat Daruma Rht 8 : Japanese landrace Akakomugi

1. WHEAT GENE BANK

Generation advancement

Field evaluation

Strategic Crossing

2. DEVELOPING RESOURCE

3. UTILIZING RESOURCE: PRE-BREEDING4. MOVING TO NARS BREEDING PIPELINES

Mobilizing Resource: The Road Map

Genetic and Genomic Resource

Impact of heat on wheat

~ 10% yield loss per 1oC increase in temperature

By 2050, 20-30% yield loss in South Asia alone, affecting over 1 billion people

70,000 wheat accessions screened for heat stress tolerance

Genetic Resource: Evaluation for heat tolerance

Panel of heat and drought tolerant landraces

YR Resistant Landraces

Genetic Resource: Evaluation for Rust Resistance

Research on wheat rust during 1961-2009 added to world wheat harvests worth US $1.12 billion per year (at 2010 prices)

Science, 340:147-148(2013)

Panel of landraces for yellow rust resistance

Evaluated ~15,000 wheat landraces for quality traits

Nu

mb

er o

f ge

no

typ

es

Grain zinc concentration (ppm)

Wheat landrace evaluation for high zinc content

Genetic Resource: Evaluation for Zinc content

Panel of landraces for high Zinc

Genomic Resource: Segregation distortion on 6B

Genomic associations identified for rust resistance and yield in three populations

H.Li- P.Vikram equal contribution et al. 2015 BMC Genomics

Vikram et al. Unpublished

Bi-parental mapping for rust resistance

using GBS

Association mapping for rust

resistance using GBS

Genomic Resource: Rust Resistance

The Mexican Landrace Story

Cluster 1

Cluster 2

Cluster 5

Cluster 3

Cluster 4

Cluster 6

NORTH

CENTRAL

SOUTH

T.ASTIEVUM

T.DURUM

S.CEREALE

Cluster 1: Majority of landraces in this group are from central MexicoCluster 2: Majority of landraces in this group are from Northern MexicoCluster 3: Majority of landraces in this group are from southern Mexico and are T. durumCluster 4: Genetic group with accessions from different origin and speciesCluster 5: Group specific to MichoacnCluster 6: Group of Secale cereale only

Mexican Landrace Story: Diversity Analysis

Diversity Profiling of 8000 Mexican Landraces

Mexican Landrace Story: The Rare Alleles

Unique rare alleles in Mexican Landraces

GBS data PCA + Phenotypic variables

Hierarchical Multiple Factor Analysis

6 principal axes (75% geno; 25% pheno)

29 groups in Iranian LR 21 groups in Mexican LR

Stratified random sampling using D-method

Measured diversity by Gowers distance

Selected core subsets

Mexican Landrace Story: Core Set

Landrace core set distributed to South Asia,

Africa, Mexico & USA

Grain yield under heat stress

-Lo

g (p

)

Chromosomes

Mexican Landrace Story: GWAS for Heat Tolerance

8000 Mexican landraces

Phenotype(Heat, Drought, Quality, Irrigated)

GBS profiling(20K SNPs)

(A) Diversity analysis (B) Core set development

(C) Core set evaluation(D) Trait donor identification(E) Use in pre-breeding

Heat, Drought, Diseases, Quality

Michoacn: Rare allele hot spot

Unique and large scale efforts made to move useful wheat gene bank diversity to the NARS breeding pipelines

Mexican Landrace Story Gene bank to Breeding Pipeline

Wheat Pre-Breeding

8,000 advanced lines selected under heat, drought and diseases

Multi-location evaluation is in progress

Genetic populations available for accelerating gene discovery

1000 Linked top cross populations

Wheat Pre-Breeding @ CIMMYT

Pre Breeding product

Exotics = Landraces, SyntheticsElites = CIMMYTs best BW lines

x

Segregating population

Screening in target environments - Mexico, South Asia, Africa

Breeding / varietal pipelines

CIM

MY

T

NA

RS

El Batan Diseases, input use

Rusts, plant typeToluca

H, D, YieldObregon

Selection

FARMERS

Exoticssynthetics, landraces, FIGS

Elite

Pre-Breeding @ CIMMYTThe Delivery Path

Kevin Pixley Director GRP

Sukhwinder-Singh SeeD Wheat LeadCarolina SansaloniCarolina Saint-PierreKate Dreher

GRPHans Braun Director GWPRavi Singh: Germplasm enhancementTom Payne: wheat genebankMatthew Reynolds: heat/droughtPawan Singh: DiseasesJavier Pea: QualityDeepmala: Molecular biologyIvan Ortz-Monasterio: P efficiency

GWP

BSU: Juan, J. Crossa, H. Li

We acknowledge all researchers at CIMMYT or elsewhere who have contributed directly or indirectly to this project

CIMMYT & Mexican Partners

gracias!

tak

dank u

salamatmerci

danke

takk

Thank YOU for Your Support

kiitos

grazie

na-ekele unuobrigado

dankie

tack

teekkr ederim