MOBILIZING FOR WARMOBILIZING FOR WAR

EconomyEconomy– Industrial output twice that of Germany Industrial output twice that of Germany

and five times that of Japanand five times that of Japan– Fought and won the war because of our Fought and won the war because of our

industryindustry– IncentivesIncentives

Cost plus contacts-more you produced and the Cost plus contacts-more you produced and the faster you produced it the more you got paidfaster you produced it the more you got paid

– Automobile industry produced 1/3Automobile industry produced 1/3rdrd of all of all military equipmentmilitary equipment

– War production boardWar production board ArmyArmy

– Selective service and training act (draft-Selective service and training act (draft-conscription)conscription) First peace time draft in our historyFirst peace time draft in our history

– Segregated forcesSegregated forces Double V-fight racism abroad and at homeDouble V-fight racism abroad and at home Airmen of TuskegeeAirmen of Tuskegee

– WomenWomen Slogan “release a man for combat”Slogan “release a man for combat”

EUROPEAN CAMPAIGNEUROPEAN CAMPAIGN

North AfricaNorth Africa– Operation torchOperation torch– Wanted to control the Medetarian SeaWanted to control the Medetarian Sea– George PattonGeorge Patton

Atlantic Atlantic – Convoy system- protect ships from Convoy system- protect ships from

German subsGerman subs USSRUSSR

– Germany tries to kill their economyGermany tries to kill their economy

– Get 250,000 men trapped behind Get 250,000 men trapped behind Russian troopsRussian troops

– Only 5,000 survive battle and POW Only 5,000 survive battle and POW campscamps

– Major turning point in the European warMajor turning point in the European war ItalyItaly

– Mussolini taken prisoner by KingMussolini taken prisoner by King– Italy sues for peace in 1943Italy sues for peace in 1943

FranceFrance– Operation overlordOperation overlord

Stalin meets with Roosevelt and Churchill in Stalin meets with Roosevelt and Churchill in Tehran, agrees to go on offensive when Tehran, agrees to go on offensive when allies invade in 44allies invade in 44

– D-Day, June 1944D-Day, June 1944 7,000 ships with over 100,000 men, 23,000 7,000 ships with over 100,000 men, 23,000

paratroopersparatroopers Land on code name beaches of Utah, Land on code name beaches of Utah,

Omaha, Juno, Gold, swordOmaha, Juno, Gold, sword US troops land on Utah and OmahaUS troops land on Utah and Omaha

– Utah went wellUtah went well– Omaha – 2,500 marines killed and woundedOmaha – 2,500 marines killed and wounded

– Battle of the BulgeBattle of the Bulge Hitlers last chance at victoryHitlers last chance at victory Attacks with all he has at the middle of our Attacks with all he has at the middle of our

forces in Franceforces in France Almost breaks through, runs out of supplies Almost breaks through, runs out of supplies

and fueland fuel

April 12, 1945 Roosevelt has a stroke and April 12, 1945 Roosevelt has a stroke and dies. Harry S. Truman becomes presidentdies. Harry S. Truman becomes president

April 30, 1945 Hitler commits suicideApril 30, 1945 Hitler commits suicide May 7, 1945, VE dayMay 7, 1945, VE day

WAR IN THE PACIFICWAR IN THE PACIFIC

PhilippinesPhilippines– Under command of Douglas MacarthurUnder command of Douglas Macarthur– Bataan Death marchBataan Death march– Doolittle raidDoolittle raid

Decide to attack Tokyo for retaliation on Decide to attack Tokyo for retaliation on Pearl HarborPearl Harbor

Japanese change strategy because of the Japanese change strategy because of the raid and decide to go after knock out blow raid and decide to go after knock out blow on US at Midwayon US at Midway

MidwayMidway– Turning point in the Battle in the Pacific Turning point in the Battle in the Pacific

against the Japaneseagainst the Japanese– Defeated the Japanese Navy, had Defeated the Japanese Navy, had

broken their codebroken their code Coral SeaCoral Sea

– 11stst naval battle in history where ships naval battle in history where ships never see each othernever see each other

– Stop Japanese advance to AustraliaStop Japanese advance to Australia

Island hoppingIsland hopping Leyte gulfLeyte gulf

– 11stst time Kamikaze used time Kamikaze used Iwo JimaIwo Jima

– Need island for air base to attack main Need island for air base to attack main land of Japan, island is only 350 miles land of Japan, island is only 350 miles from Japanfrom Japan

– 6,800 marines are killed and wounded6,800 marines are killed and wounded Fire bombingFire bombing

– Fire bomb Tokyo with bombs filled with Fire bomb Tokyo with bombs filled with Napalm, kill 80,000 people and destroy Napalm, kill 80,000 people and destroy 250,000 building250,000 building

– Fire bomb 67 cities by wars endFire bomb 67 cities by wars end

Atomic BombAtomic Bomb– Manhattan project under direction of Manhattan project under direction of

Robert OppenheimerRobert Oppenheimer– Big argument on whether we should use Big argument on whether we should use

this weapon or not, decide to warn Japan this weapon or not, decide to warn Japan that we have a new weapon of mass that we have a new weapon of mass destructiondestruction

– Japan does not like unconditional Japan does not like unconditional surrender termssurrender terms

– Aug. 6, 1945 drop “little boy” on the city Aug. 6, 1945 drop “little boy” on the city of Hiroshimaof Hiroshima Enola gayEnola gay Killed between 80,000 and 120,000 people, Killed between 80,000 and 120,000 people,

destroyed 63% of the citydestroyed 63% of the city

Aug. 9, 1945 Aug. 9, 1945 drop “fat man” drop “fat man” on the city of on the city of Nagasaki killing Nagasaki killing between 35,000 between 35,000 and 74,000 and 74,000 peoplepeople

VJ day Aug. 15, VJ day Aug. 15, 19451945

LIFE AT HOMELIFE AT HOME

WomenWomen– Went to work to take up the slack in Went to work to take up the slack in

the work forcethe work force– Rosie the riveterRosie the riveter

African AmericansAfrican Americans– Phillip RandolphPhillip Randolph

Takes the opportunity to fight for civil Takes the opportunity to fight for civil rightsrights

Plans a march on D.C.Plans a march on D.C. Roosevelt passes Executive order 8802Roosevelt passes Executive order 8802

– Banned discrimination in employment if Banned discrimination in employment if you had government or defense contractsyou had government or defense contracts

– Fair employment practices commissionFair employment practices commission 11stst first civil rights agency established first civil rights agency established

Japanese AmericansJapanese Americans– Rumors of spies after Pearl HarborRumors of spies after Pearl Harbor– Roosevelt signs an order allowing the war Roosevelt signs an order allowing the war

department to declare parts of the US a department to declare parts of the US a military zone and remove anyone they military zone and remove anyone they want from that zonewant from that zone

– Use this to intern 100,000 Japanese Use this to intern 100,000 Japanese AmericansAmericans

– create 10 campscreate 10 camps– Supreme court in Korematsu v United Supreme court in Korematsu v United

States declares it legal, not based on States declares it legal, not based on race but on Military urgencyrace but on Military urgency

– Reagan officially apologizes on behalf of Reagan officially apologizes on behalf of the United States in 1998 and gives the United States in 1998 and gives $20,000 to each surviving Japanese $20,000 to each surviving Japanese AmericanAmerican

RationingRationing– Wage and price controlsWage and price controls– Red and blue pointsRed and blue points

Red for meats, fats and oils, blue for Red for meats, fats and oils, blue for processed foodsprocessed foods

– Victory gardensVictory gardens Paying for the warPaying for the war

– Raised taxesRaised taxes– Sold bondsSold bonds

E-bonds most common, bought them for E-bonds most common, bought them for $18.75 and sold them back in 10 year for $18.75 and sold them back in 10 year for $25.00$25.00

Raised 50 billion in war bondsRaised 50 billion in war bonds