Mobilization of coal supply

11

Mobilization Mobilization of coal of coal supply supply

IRADe – Energy Conclave 2006IRADe – Energy Conclave 2006Dr. D. M. Kale Dr. D. M. Kale

22

The way forward…………The way forward…………

To implement the integrated energy To implement the integrated energy policy policy

for coal mobilisation , while caring for for coal mobilisation , while caring for the beautiful biosphere of our blue the beautiful biosphere of our blue planet , isplanet , is

Embrace Coal Gasification.Embrace Coal Gasification.

33

Assuming all the best things happenAssuming all the best things happen

We still need to mobilise

44

Coal , the God’s gift as frozen ancient Sunlight, Coal , the God’s gift as frozen ancient Sunlight,

1432.5 Million 1432.5 Million tonstons

Per annum by Per annum by 20322032

From current From current 400+Mt.400+Mt.

55

Heat (HHV)Heat (HHV)

PollutionPollutionAsh Ash

COCO22

NONOxx

SOSOxx

Low energy Low energy efficiencyefficiency

Coal – Energy ConversionCoal – Energy Conversion

66

PollutionPollution

77

Environment Cost of Pollution Emission in gm/kWh

““If you cannot measure it, you cannot improve it If you cannot measure it, you cannot improve it …to measure is to know”…to measure is to know” - - Lord KelvinLord Kelvin

SourceSource CO2CO2 NO2NO2 SOxSOx

CoalCoal 322322 1.8001.800 3.4003.400

OilOil 258258 0.6800.680 1.7001.700

N.GasN.Gas 178178 0.9000.900 0.0010.001

NuclearNuclear 008008 0.0030.003 0.0300.030

88

Can we do it……Can we do it……

Good newsGood news

Coal GasificationCoal GasificationMethane ExtractionMethane Extraction

99

Coal gasification - Controlled Coal gasification - Controlled combustion of coal & obtain syn gas. combustion of coal & obtain syn gas.

Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) Underground Coal Gasification (UCG)

Surface Coal Gasification (SCG)Surface Coal Gasification (SCG)

Coal GasificationCoal Gasification

1010

Two boreholes are drilled into the coal seam

UCG - ConceptUCG - Concept

1111

Coal is ignited, combustion is maintained by injecting air or oxygen and steam


1212

The resulting gases are brought to surface by the second bore hole


1313


1414

Coal

UCG UCG - Products- Products

1515

UN MINEABLE COAL RESOURCES : 210.14 Billion tons

UN MINEABLE LIGNITE RESOURCES : 32.76 Billion tons

TOTAL UNMINEABLE RESOURCES : 242.90 Billion tons

PERCENTAGE OF COAL AMENABLE TO UCG : 30 %

COAL RESERVES AMENABLE TO UCG : 72.87 Billion tons

UCG GAS (considering 2700 m3/ton) : 196.749 Trillion m3

NATURAL GAS EQUIVALENT : 19.67 Trillion m3

CALORIFIC VALUE OF PRODUCED GAS : 3- 5 MJ/m3CALORIFIC VALUE OF NATURAL GAS = 38 MJ/m3

UCG UCG - Potential- Potential

1616

Coal Reserves estimated by ONGC in Gujarat :Coal Reserves estimated by ONGC in Gujarat :

Patan Tharad blockPatan Tharad block :60 Billion tons:60 Billion tons

Ahmedabad Mehsana blockAhmedabad Mehsana block :63 Billion tons:63 Billion tons

Natural Gas Equivalent of UCG Natural Gas Equivalent of UCG

from these block with 20% conversion of coal from these block with 20% conversion of coal Reserves Reserves : : 6 Trillion M6 Trillion M33

UCG – Potential Gujarat

Indian Natural Gas reserves 1 Trillion M3

UCG UCG – Potential ( The hidden – Potential ( The hidden Treasure !)Treasure !)

1717

UCG UCG - Utility- Utility

Power

Nitrogenous Fertilizers

Petrochemicals (MTO, MTP technology)

Liquid Fuels (GTL technology)

SYN GAS

1818

UCG UCG – Project Timeline– Project Timeline

UCG - Road Map

1919

Facilitates exploitation of deep / Facilitates exploitation of deep / unminable coal reservesunminable coal reserves

Higher efficiency coupled with low Higher efficiency coupled with low capital costs than conventional coal-capital costs than conventional coal-fired stationfired station

Eliminates SOEliminates SO22 emission emission

Radio active ash remains deep down…Radio active ash remains deep down…

UCG UCG - Advantage- Advantage

2020

Environmentally friendly Environmentally friendly

Significant reduction in CO2, SOx, NOx Significant reduction in CO2, SOx, NOx emissionsemissions

No Waste disposal No Waste disposal (Ash Trapped Underground)(Ash Trapped Underground)

Reduced emission of Green House Gases Reduced emission of Green House Gases by COby CO22 Sequestration Sequestration

Short Construction and Commissioning Short Construction and Commissioning TimeTime


2121

Replacing underground mines under Replacing underground mines under complicated, risky conditions of complicated, risky conditions of operation. operation.

Environmental protection. Environmental protection.

Augment and replace dwindling Augment and replace dwindling valuable fuels as oil and gasvaluable fuels as oil and gas


2222

Surface Coal Surface Coal Gasification (SCG)Gasification (SCG)

A process for converting Coal deposits into Gas insitu.

2323


Process Flow ChartProcess Flow Chart

2424

Coal Gasification Gasifier Coal Gasification Gasifier InternalsInternals

2525

Surface Coal GasificationSurface Coal GasificationHighlights of TechnologyHighlights of Technology

Equipment Design lifetime – typically 25 years

Robust membrane wall, No lining repair required.

Coal burner life time > 20,000 Hrs proven

High carbon conversion

High cold gas efficiency, > 80% LHV

Easy single gasifier scale up – to 40,000 TPD of coal.

Single Gasifier availability expected at 95%

Maintenance sht down 3 week every 2 year.

Recommanded inspection shut down (1-2 week)

Unscheduled downtime not factored in.

2626


Possible Process Flow StreamPossible Process Flow Stream

2727

Where are others ? ChinaWhere are others ? China

2828

Extensive R&D activity funded by DOEExtensive R&D activity funded by DOE

Contemplating to have poly-generation Contemplating to have poly-generation plants with capture and sequestration of COplants with capture and sequestration of CO22

Scale of dreams - 70 large plants to Scale of dreams - 70 large plants to generate 35 GW power and 2.4 million generate 35 GW power and 2.4 million barrels a day of zero sulfur liquid fuel barrels a day of zero sulfur liquid fuel utilizing 350 MMtpa of coal…syn gas parksutilizing 350 MMtpa of coal…syn gas parks

Where are others ? USA Where are others ? USA

3030

Environment – Power Environment – Power PerspectivePerspective

3131

Coal GasificationCoal Gasification

Environmental Benefits….Environmental Benefits…. Gas suitable for high-Gas suitable for high-

efficiency power efficiency power generation.generation.

High-pressure product gas High-pressure product gas can be easily treated.can be easily treated.

COCO22 capture & capture & sequestration.sequestration.

Cavity potential future Cavity potential future sequestration locations.sequestration locations.

3232

BackgroundBackground

Global concern on rising concentration of COGlobal concern on rising concentration of CO22

Increased from 280 to 370 ppmIncreased from 280 to 370 ppm

Rise in CO2 Concentration (Mauna Loa)

3333

Capture

Utilisation

Disposal

• EOR• Coalbed Methane

• Depleted Oil & gas reservoirs

• Saline formations• Salt caverns• Mineralisation• Deep oceans

Carbon Sequestration

3434

Decision requiring attentionDecision requiring attention

Royalty for coal in case of UCG need be nominal Royalty for coal in case of UCG need be nominal since without UCG resource can not be exploited.since without UCG resource can not be exploited.

Initially low tariffs to encourage investments.Initially low tariffs to encourage investments.

Power generation from UCG needs special fiscal Power generation from UCG needs special fiscal regime. regime.

Deploying UCG / SCG syn-gas towards chemical Deploying UCG / SCG syn-gas towards chemical feedstock and for liquefaction needs R&D as well as feedstock and for liquefaction needs R&D as well as high incentives.high incentives.

Coal need to be specially mined and allocated for Coal need to be specially mined and allocated for SCG.SCG.

UCG / SCGUCG / SCG– Policies– Policies

3535

Get Convinced ….Get Convinced ….

And then …….And then …….

PUSH Hard !!!!!!!!!!!!!PUSH Hard !!!!!!!!!!!!!

Mobilization of coal supply

Documents

Transcript of Mobilization of coal supply