Mobile-to-Mobile Communication Systems (M2M) · WP1: Mobile Radio Channel Models for M2M...

Mobile-to-Mobile Communication Systems (M2M)

Matthias P atzold

Faculty of Engineering and ScienceUniversity of Agder

P. O. Box 509, NO-4898 Grimstad, Norway

E-mail: [email protected]

Homepage: http://www.uia.no/mcg/

Internet of Things, Mar. 19, 20013, Telenor, Oslo, Norway1/18

Contents

1. The M2M Project at a Glance

2. Project Organization

3. Project Topics

4. Summery of Project Results

5. Proposal for a Follow-up Project



Project Type: Research Project - VERDIKT

Project Manager: Matthias Patzold

Project Period: 01.09.2007 - 31.08.2011 (4 years)

Total Budget: 10.930 kNOK (6.000 kNOK total from NFR)

Project Participants: 2 project coordinators, 1 postdoc, 3 PhDs, 11 external partners

Planned Outcome: 1 book chapter, 13 journal papers, 30 conference papers, etc.

Principal Objectives: • Development of transmission techniques for future M2Mcommunication systems.

• Studying and optimizing the performance of M2M systemsunder realistic propagation conditions.



Personnel, Partners, and Participants

Main researcher: • Prof. Matthias Patzold, UiA (project manager, coordinator ofWP1 and WP3)

• Prof. Are Hjørungnes, UniK (coordinator of WP 2)

Postdoc: • Postdoc1, Dr. Yi Wu, UiA

PhD students: • PhD1, Batool Talha, UiA

• PhD2, Ali Chelli, UiA

• PhD3, Walid Saad, UniK

External Partners: • Prof. V. Kontorovich (Mexico), Assoc. Prof. C. E. D. Sterian (Ro-mania), Prof. C. Wei (China), Prof. K. Wesołowski (Poland), As-soc. Prof. N. Youssef (Tunisia), Prof. R. Bose (India), Assoc.Prof. M. de Campos (Brazil), Prof. T. Saramaki (Finland), Assist.Prof. P. Yahampath (Canada)

Industrial Partners: • Dr. H. Miao (Nokia, Finland), Dr. A. Vahlin (Nera, Norway)



UiA UniKManagement

WP 1.1 WP 1.2

Exte

rna

lp

art

ne

rs U

iA

Exte

rnalpart

ners

UniK

WP 2.1 WP 2.2 WP 2.3

WP 3.1 WP 3.2 WP 3.3

Output



WP1: Mobile Radio Channel Models for M2M Communication Syst ems

WP1.1: Modelling, Analysis, and Simulation of M2M Fading Channels (UiA)

WP1.2: Developing of MIMO Street Models for M2M Fading Channel (UiA)

WP2: Cooperative Communications in M2M Systems

WP2.1: Self-Organizing M2M Networks Through Distributed Cooperation (UniK)

WP2.2: Cooperative Cross-Layer Design in M2M Systems (UniK)

WP2.3: Coded Cooperation (UiA)

WP3: Channel Estimation, Signal Constellations, and Perfo rmance Analysis ofM2M Systems

WP3.1: Channel Estimation Techniques for M2M Systems (UiA)

WP3.2: Signal Constellation Design for M2M Systems (UiA)

WP3.3: Performance Analysis of M2M Systems (UiA)


3. Project Topics

Background and State-of-the-Art

Present mobile radio systems: BS-to-MS (down-link), MS-to-BS (up-link)

Future mobile radio systems: mobile-to-mobile (M2M)

M2M scenarios: MS1-to-MS2, MS1-RL-MS2, car-to-car (Car2Car)

Cooperation diversity: Single-antenna mobile stations in a multi-user scenario can sharetheir antennas to create a virtual MIMO system.

Driving factor: Consumer demand for better QoS, new applications, and increasedmobility support.

V2V standards: • Europe: IEEE 802.11p, IEEE 1609, ETSI TS 102 637

• USA: IEEE 802.11p, IEEE 1609, SAE J2735

• Japan: IEEE 802.11p, ARIB STD-T75, Road CommunicationStandard


3. Project Topics

Mobile-to-Mobile Scenarios for Cooperative Networks

Double Rice Channel:

Mobile Relay

Destination

Mobile StationSource

Mobile Station

Scattered

Component +

LOS Component

ScatteredComponent +

LOS Component

Dual-Hop Single-Relay LOS Channel:

Mobile Relay

Scattered Component + LOS Component

Destination

Mobile StationSource

Mobile Station

Scattered

Component +

LOS Component

ScatteredComponent +

LOS Component


3. Project Topics

M2M Scenarios for Relay-Based Cooperative Networks

Cascaded Rayleigh Channel

Mobile

Relay #1

Mobile

Relay #2

Scattered

Component

Scattered

Component

Mobile

Relay #K–1

Mobile

Relay #K

Destination

Mobile Station

Source

Mobile Station


3. Project Topics

M2M Scenarios for Relay-Based Cooperative Networks

Dual-Hop Multi-Relay LOS Channel

Source

Mobile Station

Scattered Component

+ LOS Component

Scattered Component

+ LOS ComponentSca

ttere

d C

om

ponent

+ L

OS

Com

ponent

Scattered Component

+ LOS Component

Scattered Component

+ LOS Component

Scattered Component

+ LOS Component

Scattered Component

+ LOS Component

Destination

Mobile Station

Mobile

Relay #1Mobile

Relay #2

Mobile

Relay #K

[Ref] B. Talha and M. Patzold, Channel models for mobile-to-mobile cooperative communication systems: A state-of-the-art review, IEEE Trans. Veh.

Technol., Special Issue on “Trends in Mobile Radio Channels: Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation”, June 2011.


3. Project Topics

Reference Model for Double Rice Channels

• Scattered components: µ(i)(t) = µ(i)1 (t) + jµ

(i)2 (t), i = 1, 2

Gaussian process: µ(i)(t) ∼ CN (0, 2σ2i ), i = 1, 2

• LOS components: m(i)(t) = ρi ej(2πfρit+θρi), i = 1, 2

Parameters: ρi, fρi, θρi = const.fρ1 = fρMR

fρ2 = fρMR+ fρMS

• Scattered component + LOS component:

µ(i)ρ (t) = µ(i)(t) +m(i)(t), i = 1, 2

Stochastic Process: µ(1)ρ (t)models the fading in the BS-MR link.µ(2)ρ (t)models the fading in the MR-MS link.

• Product process: χ(t) = µ(1)ρ (t) · µ

(2)ρ (t) models the overall fading in the BS-MS link.

• Double Rice process: η(t) = |χ(t)| = |µ(1)ρ (t) · µ

(2)ρ (t)| = |µ(1)(t) +m(1)(t)||µ(2)(t) +m(2)(t)|

(MS)Mobile station

Base station

(BS)

(MR)Mobile relay

µρ1(t)

µρ2(t)


3. Project Topics

Simulation Model for Double Rice Channels

(1)

2ˆ ( )t

(1)

1ˆ ( )t

ˆ( )t

(2)

1ˆ ( )t

3,2 3,2)cos(2 tf

3,1 3,1)cos(2 tf

3 33, 3,)cos(2 N Ntf

+

3,1c

3,2c

33,Nc

4,2 4,2)cos(2 tf

4,1 4,1)cos(2 tf

4 44, 4,)cos(2 N Ntf

+ (2)

2ˆ ( )t

4,1c

4,2c

44,Nc

1,1c

1,2 1,2)cos(2 tf

1,1 1,1)cos(2 tf

1 11, 1,)cos(2 N Ntf

+

1,2c

11,Nc

2,2 2,2)cos(2 tf

2,1 2,1)cos(2 tf

2 22, 2, )cos(2 N Ntf

+

2,1c

2,2c

22,Nc

(1)ˆ ( )t

1 1

(1)

2 1sin(2 )( ) f tm t

(2)ˆ ( )t

1 1

(1)

1 1cos(2 )( ) f tm t

2 2

(2)

1 2cos(2 )( ) f tm t

2 2

(2)

2 2sin(2 )( ) f tm t

Discussion: • Parameters: ci,j, fi,j, ρi, fρi, θρi = const. θi,j = i.i.d. RVs• Parameter computation method: GMEDS1


3. Project Topics

Probability Density Function of Double Rice Processes

PDF of η(t): pη(z) =z

σ21σ22

∞∫

0

1ye−

(z/y)2+ρ212σ21 e

−y2+ρ222σ22 I0(

zρ1yσ21

)I0(yρ2σ22)dy, z ≥ 0

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 160

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

z

Pro

bab

ility

den

sity

funct

ion,p

η(z

) TheorySimulation

ρ = 0

ρ = 1

ρ = 2

fρMR=0

fρMS=0

ρ = 0 (Classical Rayleigh)

ρ = 1 (Classical Rice)

ρ = 2 (Classical Rice)

ρ1 �=ρ2 �= ρ

ρ1 =0;ρ2 =1 ρ1 �=ρ2 �= ρ

ρ1 =1;ρ2 =2

Discussion: • As ρ ↑ ❀ max {pη(z)} ↓• As ρ ↑ ❀ spread of pη(z) ↑• If ρi → 0, then pη(z)|ρ=0 =

z

σ21σ22K0(

zσ1σ2

), z ≥ 0 (double Rayleigh distribution)


4. Summary of Project Results

Dissemination/Exploitation Planned Number Achieved Number CommentsProject Web Site 1 2 1 at UiA and 1 at UniKJournal papers 13 42 original plans exceeded by 323%Conference papers 30 80 original plans exceeded by 267%Books — 2 1 at UiA and 1 at UniKBook chapters 1 5 original plans exceeded by 500%Project meetings 2 2 1 at UniK and 1 at UiATutorials 2 3 at conferences in Columbia, Vietnam, and MexicoGuest lectures 2 4 at SUPCOM in TunisiaPh.D. theses 3 2+1 2 completed, 1 nearly completedMaster’s theses > 10 > 10 at UiA and project partner universitiesWorkshops — 1 at UiA in 2009Keynote presentations — 3 at international conferencesSpecial Editions (Journals) — 2 IEEE VT Mag., Hindawi Publishing Corporation



The Project Idea in a Nutshell

V2V Scenario:

MS1

~v2

~v1

MS2

Idea: The aim is to transmit driving information (e.g., position, speed, direction, car type, carstatus, etc.) from one car to other nearby cars via the Internet. The transmitting car ob-tains the position information from the GPS system and the other relevant information(speed, car type, car status) from its own board computer. Depending on the locationof the car and the infrastructure, the transmission of the driving information is achievedvia car-to-x (C2X) links, such as car-to-roadside (C2R) links, car-to-car (C2C) links,and/or car-to-satellite (C2S) links. At one end of the link, there is an access point tothe Internet. The Internet distributes the driving information to all other cars within acell and provides theoretically global coverage.



Mobile over Internet Protocol (MoIP)

• By analogy to Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), we call the new technology Mobile overInternet Protocol (MoIP).

• MoIP is a promising solution to provide Internet services to cars on roads by exploiting thealready existing network infrastructure and by using other cars as relays.

• Depending on the propagation conditions and the infrastructure, a car can directly accessthe Internet via an access point on the roadside or indirectly via other cars serving as relays.

• In the latter case, other cars around can facilitate in forwarding the data between the car andthe Internet through C2C communications.

• The fact that MoIP profits from both the existing infrastructure and the peers to provide Inter-net services to cars on roads makes MoIP a very attractive technology.

• Using MoIP, a wide range of applications can be deployed.



1) Advanced Navigation Features: With the availability of the driving information throughMoIP, improved navigation systems can be realized displaying not only the position of thedriver’s car, but also the position and the driving direction of all other cars within a movingcell. In addition, MoIP can easily be used to locate free parking sites.

2) Traffic Congestion and Road Accident Information: By MoIP, the information on trafficcongestion and road accidents can easily be retrieved and forwarded to all drivers.

3) Internet in Cars: Through MoIP, Internet services will be available in cars.

4) Service Check and Repair Information: Service check and repair information can be sentfrom a car to a garage and vice versa via MoIP.

5) Speed Limitations: In case of emergencies or dangerous situations, speed limits can besent through a feedback channel.

6) Convoy Driving: MoIP supports convoy driving.

7) Automatic Driving: MoIP is an important step towards automatic driving (similar to autopilotsystems used in airplanes).

8) MoIP for Ships: Replacing in the scenarios above cars by ships provides similar servicesfor ships. In contrast to present day navigation systems for ships, such as the expensiveAutomatic Identification System (AIS), the new MoIP technology offers improved and cheaperservices.



Partner Search

MoIP

Mobile Communications Internet

Propagation Transmission

UiA Partner 1 Partner 2 Partner N

Components:

Research:

Partners:

Project:

…

Network Protocols Security


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