mobile technology evolutionnetseminar.stanford.edu/past_seminars/seminars/02_05… · ·...
Transcript of mobile technology evolutionnetseminar.stanford.edu/past_seminars/seminars/02_05… · ·...
StandardsEvolution(5yrsteps)
Analog
Digitalex.GSM
(8Kbps)
BasicData
ex.EDGE1xRTT
(50Kbps)
Multi‐media
ex.WCDMA
(300Kbps)
HighSpeedPacketData
ex.HSPA
(10Mbps)
80’s 1993 1998 2003 2008 2012
WideAreaBroadband
Ex.LTE
WiMax
(100Mbps)
System/ServiceEvolution
TerminalsRadio
NetworkServers/Gateways
Content
Voice
Data(ex.SMS,MMS,IMS,email)
Multimedia(ex.Audio/Video)
Convergenceof3industriesandproliferationofstandardshasincreasedcomplexity
ExplosionofStandardsTelecom(ex.3GPP)
GSMGPRSEDGE
WCDMAHSPAHSPA+LTE
Datacom
TCP,IPv4,IPv6UDP,SIP
SMS,MMSIMS(incl.VCC,DSC,
MIH)…
Multimedia
MP3,MP3pro,AAC,AAC+,WMA,RA,H.263,H.264,MPEG4,JPEG,WMV,RV,VC1,
OpenGL2.x,DRM..
Security
AES,3DES,SHA,MD5,RSA,FSA,DH,PKCS10,PKCS11,EAP,IKE,SSL,TLS,A5,A8,Snow..
Connectivity
USB(FS,HS,OTG),BT,WLANa/b/g/n,GPS,MobTV(DMB,ISDBT,DVBH,MediaFlo),Pictbridge,SGMII,SATA,SIM,SD,MS,.…
HighEndPhoneFeatureEvolution
2000 –Highendphone
• narrowbandCSvoice• 50‐150Kbpsdata(downlink)• SMS,MMS• BasicPIM• 4Kcolordisplay• Primitivegames• 2RFbands• 100MIPDSP• 100MIPCPU• 8Mbytesmemory• BasicBluetooth,IR• KeypadbasedUI
(CommunicationDevice)
2008–Highendphone
• widebandCSvoice• 7Mbpsdata(downlink)• 5Mbpsdata(uplink)• SMS,MMS,IMS• AdvancedPIM• MultiformatAudio&Video• TVout• Basicbrowser,Basicgames(2D)• DRM• FOTA• 5‐8MPcamera• 16Mcolordisplay• 10RFbands• 500MIPDSP,500MIPCPU• 8GBytesmemory• Bluetooth,WLAN,GPS,USBHS• SensorbasedUI
(MultiMediaDevice)
2012–Highendphone
• widebandVoIP• 100Mbpsdata(up/down)• Integratedmessaging/mail• IntegratedPIM,realtimesync/presence/notification• MultiformatAudio&Video&full3Dgaming• Fullbrowser• DRM+e‐commerce• FOTDA• 8‐16MPcamera• 24Mcolordisplay• Auxdisplayconnect(HDMI)• UniversalRFbands• 3GHzMulti‐cores• 50GBytesmemory• BT,WLAN,GPS,USB3.0• ContextsensitivesensorbasedUI• Personalserver
(TruePersonalServer)
Implications
• TransformationofMobilePhoneManufacturers(OEMs)
• EmergenceofPlatformPlayers
• Exponentialincreasinginsoftware,testing&interoperability
• Radiocomplexity
• Growthincomputationpower&memory
• ArchitectureChanges
• Consolidation
TransformationofOEMs
Focus(Then)
ModemManufacturingTechnologyPerformance
Price
Focus(Now)
BrandChannels
IndustrialDesignUsability
Services/Applications
EmergenceofPlatformPlayers
ASICS
CoreSWplatform(Telecom,Datacom,Security,Multimediacodecs/fileformats,Connectivityenablers)
Applications
UserInterface
Platform(fullytested)
Hascutdownphonedevelopmentto6monthsfrom18months
SoftwareComplexity
1998
1millionlinesofcodeSingleRTOS
MainlyModemFewApplications
SimpleUILittleUserData
2012
10‐15millionslinesofcode
MultipleprocessorsMultipleOS/Hypervisors
MultipleModemsComplexgraphicalUIs
LargeUserdataOvertheairdownloadof
features/functions
IncreaseinTest
TerminalsRadio
NetworkServers/Gateways
Content
Voice
Data(ex.xMS,email)
Multimedia(ex.Audio/Video)
Exponentialincreaseintestingtoensureend‐to‐endinteroperability
Typicalphonelaunchrequiresabout50,000testcases
Tests:IOT,Regulatory,Signaling,Conformance,System,UseCase/Functional,UserInterface,KeyPerformanceIndicators
RadioProliferation
• 2G:4bands• 3G:10bands• LTE,WiMax:addsaband• WLAN• GPS• BT• MobileTV(DMB,DVB‐H,MediaFlo,ISDB‐T)–multiplebands
• Differentbandwidths
Antenna’sandFilterstakespace(areaandvolume) Filtersandswitches(connectiontoantenna)causeloss(power)
ComputationPower&Memory
1998
DSP:150MHzCPU:2x100MHzMemory:8Mbytes
2012Projection
Modem:20BipsApplications:2GHzMemory:50Gbytes
ObviousChallengeisPowerConsumption
HardwareArchitecture
RF Baseband
PowerManagement/Audio
WLAN GPSBT
MemoryMemory
ApplicationProcessor(server)
GPS
WLAN
BT/FM
CellularModem
Memory
Sensors
ComplexPowerManagement
TypicalSoftwareStructures
HAL
CellularConnectiv
ity DatacomMulti‐media
Security/Services
API
os
HAL
CellularConnectiv
ity DatacomMulti‐media
Security/Services
API
os
HAL DriversRTOSRTOS
Consolidation
ProcessTechnology(3majorplayers)
PlatformPlayers(2majorand1niche)
PhoneOEMs(7control>90%market)
InfrastructureProviders(5control75%ofmarket)
Operators(10have50%marketshare)
Challenges PowerConsumption(1dayuseona750mAHbattery)
Size(50ccisconvenienttocarry)
Cost(consumerdevicesASPdrop20%peryear)
Rapidenablementofserviceoffering/customization
Usability
PowerConsumption Batterytechnologyhasshownmarginalvolumetricorgravimetric
capacitygain
Needtolookatallaspectsofpowerconservation
UsageExample:
2hourstalk(150maH) 1hourdatatransfer–Browse/mail(150maH) 8hoursmusic(50ma) 3hoursvideoorgaming(300maH) hoursstandby(15maH)
PowerConsumption
Process
Circuit
HWArchitecture
Software
System
Ex.32nmhighK,CMOSradios….
Ex.MultipleVt,DVFS,DPTC,SRPG….
Ex.Taskspecificcores,Novelconverters….
Ex.SmartOS(scheduling),Algorithms,DataMovementFastSwitching..
Ex.Goodinterfacedesign,sensors…
DataSpeed&Power
Processing 30Xspeed+shortertransmissiontimeinterval(1ms)
ComputationloadofPHYandMAClayerprocessingisequivalentto15‐20Bips
Heterogeneousprocessorsofferonesolution Example:Timebasedprocessing,efficientmultithreadhandlingcapability
Uplink
Higherlevellinearmodulationneeded–Peak‐AveragePowerratioproblem GSMPAPR=0dB WCDMA(HSUPA)PAPR=3dB LTEPAPR=6dB WiMAXPAPR=8dB
Broadbandlinearizationtechniquesneeded
RFPower,Size,Cost
Multiplebandsmeansmorefiltersandcomplexfront‐endnetwork
Cansavesizeandcostbyeliminatingfilters
Thiscauseshigherlinearityrequirementsonradioanddataconverters Higherlinearitytranslatestoincreaseincurrent
(power)
Bandwidthincreasefurthercomplicatestheproblem(samplingrate)
IfwecaneliminatefilterswecanuseeliminateconceptofseparatePAs
LVDSbasedhighspeedserialinterfaces
L
Transmit
F1
F2
I=PoxL/(Eff.xV)
ApplicationProcessing/Power
Audio,Video,Graphics,Imaging,Securityallhavedifferentcharacteristics
Dedicatedacceleratorsaretypicallyused(speed‐powertradeoff)
Busstructureorservingnodeshouldnotbottleneck
Restrictmovingdataacrosslargedomainsorfrequentmemoryaccess(localmemoryandlocalbus)
SmartschedulingviaOSwillbeakeydifferentiator
AdequateprocessingpowerforfullOS
NetworkBackbone
Audio Video
Security Imaging
2D/3D
MIF
CPU
CommentsonSize
SizeistypicallydominatedbyDisplay,BatteryandAntennas
Sizecanbeminimized byremovingfiltersandnumberofPAs reducingfrequencyofoperation(diesize)onsub‐systems packaging(examples)
RedistributedChipPackage WaferLevelPackaging Integratedpassives Packageonpackage(especially,fan‐inPOP)
SoftwareStructureforbroadbasedServiceOffering
Hypervisor
AppSet1/OS1
AppSet2/OS2
MultipleRadiosandMultipleCores
API
Tools(compile,profile,link,debug)forthesearchitecturesareunderdevelopedSecuritybecomesachallenge
Usability
Sensorsofferimprovedusability Capacitivetouchscreendisplays Haptics DualandtripleaxisMEMSbasedaccelerometersandGyros DeadreckoningandGPSaugmentation
Contextsensitiveuserinterface Ex.buttons&controlschangeforaudio,camera,video,gaming
Multiplemicrophonesandspeakers(soundeffectsandnoisecancellation)
Projectiononlargerscreendevices
Summary
• Therewillbealmost4billionmobilephonesubscribersby2012
• FastestgrowingsegmentisexpectedtobeSmartphonesandMID
• Mobilephoneswillbecomepersonalmedia/informationdeviceswithseamlessconnectivity
• Dataspeedsandapplicationsdriveenormousprocessingcapabilityneeds
• Wideareabroadbandwillenablealotofnewapplications
• Powerconservation,testingandsecurityarethebiggestchallenges