Mobile Power Sources
description
Transcript of Mobile Power Sources
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MOBILE PO
WER SOURCES
T E A M 7
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INTRODUCTION• Chemical Batteries
• Mechanical Energy
• Wireless Energy
• Butane Energy
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HOW A BATTERY WORKS
http://videos.howstuffworks.com/science/battery-videos-playlist.htm#video-29391
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CHEMICAL BATTERIESNickel CadmiumNiCdNickel Metal HydrideNiMHLithium IonLi-IonLithium PolymerLiPo
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NICKEL CADMIUMNickel oxyhydroxide for positive electrodeMetallic Cadmium for negative electrode1.2 volts per cell70-90% dischargeSelf discharge approx. 10%/monthRechargeableMemory Effect2000 cycles
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NICKEL METAL HYDRIDESimilar to NiCdUses nickel oxyhydroxide for positive electrode
Hydrogen absorbing alloy for negative electrode
1.2 volts per cell66% charge/discharge efficiency1-2% per month self dischargeRechargeable500-1000 cyclesMemory Effect
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LITHIUM IONNo Memory EffectLithium Ions move from negative electrode to positive electrode during discharge and back during charge
3.6 volts per cell400-1200 cycles80-90% charge/discharge efficency8-31% self discharge (temperature dependent)Lightweight
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LITHIUM POLYMERStill a lithium ion battery with different
gutsLithium salt electrolyte is held in solid polymer instead of organic solvent
99.8% charge/discharge efficiency5% per month self discharge rate1000 or more cycles24-36 month durability
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FUTURE MECHANICAL BATTERIES• Nanogenerators• Plastic Supercapacitor• Extending battery life
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NANOGENERATORSGeorgia Institute of TechnologyDr. Zhong Lin WangSmall movements to generate powerDevice able to power LCD screens and power radio signals
Devices powered by body movement5 years
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NANOGENERATORS
Zinc oxide nanowiresPeizoelectric effect5 nano-generators
http://gtresearchnews.gatech.edu/podcast/power-shirt.mov
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NANOGENERATORSAdvantagesPowered by body movementsSmallNo batteries or electrical outletsDisadvantagesSensitive to moisture
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PLASTIC SUPERCAPACITORPlastic supercapacitor Imperial College London & VolvoPlastic able to store electric charge
Like traditional batteryGreener
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jZ7A51h6cwU&feature=player_embedded
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PLASTIC SUPERCAPACITORAdvantagesGreenWearableLonger lasting with little degradationSmall and conformableDisadvantagesConcept ideaNot fully tested yet
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EXTENDING BATTERY LIFEPresent flash memoryBits stored as chargesSlowHigh programming voltagesFuture flash memoryUniversity of Illinois EngineersUltra low-power digital memory
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EXTENDING BATTERY LIFEPhase-Change Material(PCM)Alternative to current flash memoryBit stored in resistance
Switchable Carbon nanotubeSmall sizeNanoscale contacts
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EXTENDING BATTERY LIFEAdvantagesFasterNot susceptible to degradation Immune to accidental erasureLow power consumptionSmallNo batteries or outlets neededDisadvantagesCost disadvantage compared to regular flashSensitive to temperature to perform well
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THE TESLA EFFECT
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WHAT IS THE TESLA EFFECT?• The transmission of electrical energy
from a power source to an electrical load without interconnecting wires
• First demonstrated in 1891
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HOW DOES IT WORK?Built on the principal of resonant couplingElectromagnetic field
http://singularityhub.com/2009/06/30/the-wireless-future-of-energy-tranfer/
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LIMITATIONSThe size RangeEfficiencyCost
www.techberth.com/2011/04/wireless-resonant-energy/&usg
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PRODUCTS OUT TODAYPowermatDuracell MyGridEnergizer Inductive Charger
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THE FUTURE!• No more wires cluttering areas• No more outlets in the wall• All devices will be charged/charging
without the needing to be plugged in
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BUTANE POWER CELL• Company history• Reasons for using the cell• Technology concerns• Technical information/operation• The future of the company and product
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COMPANY HISTORYSilicon Power CellLilliputian Systems IncFounded by former MIT students in 2002$50 billion portable power marketRaised over $90 million in venture capital
funding
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TECHNOLOGY CONCERNSWhy consider butane power cells? Incremental growth in the lithium industryTechnology Concerns Environmentally friendly Approved for aircraft Improved volumetric density Improved gravimetric energy densityCost $99 for the power cell $2 for replacement cartridges
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BUTANE POWER CELL PROTOTYPE
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TECHNICAL INFORMATION
Proton-Exchange Membrane vs Solid Oxide
Why the butane market is almost non-existent
Temperature!
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FUTURE OF THE BUTANE POWER CELLFuture of Lilliputian Systems
Partnership with Intel to manufacture wafers
Intel’s equity stake
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CONCLUSION
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SOURCEShttp://news.illinois.edu/news/11/0310batteries_EricPop.htmlhttp://www.physorg.com/news/2011-03-technology-battery-life-mobile-devices.htmlhttp://gtresearchnews.gatech.edu/newsrelease/power-shirt.htmhttp://www.foxnews.com/scitech/2011/03/30/future-iphones-charged-heartbeat-experts-say/http://www.themobileindian.com/news/908_Future-perfect:-battery-less-mobile-phoneshttp://www.bit-tech.net/news/bits/2010/02/08/supercapacitor-
promises-end-to-batteries/1http://hothardware.com/News/The-Death-Of-The-Battery-Is-
Upon-Us-Plastic-Supercapacitor-Could-Recharge-Gizmos/http://www.talk2myshirt.com/blog/archives/3643http://www.lilliputiansystemsinc.com/
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SOURCES CONT.Winter, M.; Brodd, J. (2004).
"What Are Batteries, Fuel Cells, and Supercapacitors?" (PDF). Chemical Review 104 (104): 4245. doi:10.1021/cr020730k. Retrieved 2010-07-25.
Toshiba (2007-12-11). "Toshiba to Launch Innovative Rechargeable Battery Business". Press release. Retrieved 2009-06-25.
http://www.powerstream.com/NiCd.htmhttp://www.powerstream.com/NiMH.htm