MOBILE OPERATED LAND ROVER

PRESENTED BY:ANNU KALRA (0702831020)VANI TRIPATHI (0702831113)

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF:

MS.BHAWANA TIWARI

The Mobile Operated Land Rover is a vehicle with electromagnetic arm that is controlled via cell phone. In order to establish a connection between user and the vehicle with arm assembly, by making a call to another cell phone that is placed on the vehicle body itself. The call is automatically received with the help of auto-answer function in the cell phone. Once the connection has been set up, the keypad of transmitter acts as a controller for motion of vehicle as well as arm. An arm is further mounted over the robotic vehicle. As per the controller programming, desired motors are rotated either clockwise or anti-clockwise direction, thereby moving the arm as and when required. Mobile Operated Land Rover is a very essential in the field of military, surveillance applications. In hostile environments, where manual operation of machines are not possible, automatic control becomes very necessary and useful.

INTRODUCTION

CONTENTS: Introduction Important Components Block Diagram Explanation of Block Diagram Circuit Diagram Circuit Diagram Description Working of the Project DTMF Technology. Telephone Key-Tone H -Bridge Principle Communication Structure Applications

IMPORTANT COMPONENTS

DTMF Decoder MicrocontrollerMotor Driver Circuit

COMMUNICATION STRUCTURE

BLOCK DIAGRAM

EXPLAINATION OF BLOCK DIAGRAM

The cell phone acts as a DTMF Generator generating the tone depending on key pressed. IC9170 decodes the received tone and gives binary equivalent of it to the microcontroller. The suitably programmed controller’s output is given to motor driver IC L293D which will drive the two DC motors connected to it. The concept used for motor driving here is the “ Differential Drive” which rotates the two motors according to the key pressed on the keypad of the cellphone. The arm control can perform the operation depending on the respective input signals which the motor driver IC receives from the microcontroller IC.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

+5 V D C

1 0 K

R 81 0 0 K

L 2 9 3 D

271 01 5

19

36

1 11 4

168

451312

1 A2 A3 A4 A

1 , 2 E N3 , 4 E N

1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y

VC

C1

VC

C2

GN

DG

ND

GN

DG

ND

6VOLTDC

C 6

R 1 03 3 0 E

Q 1B C 5 4 7

1

2

3

+

RIGHTMOTOR

1 0 M / 6 3 V

CCW-CW

6VOLTDC

V C C

8 9 S 5 2

3 1

1 9

1 8

9

373839

2 9

2 12 22 32 42 52 62 72 8

12345678

1 01 11 21 31 41 51 61 7

3 2

3 0

3 33 4

3536

4 0

2 0

E A / V P

X1

X2

R E S E T

P0.

2P

0.1

P0.

0

P S E N

P 2 . 0P 2 . 1P 2 . 2P 2 . 3P 2 . 4P 2 . 5P 2 . 6P 2 . 7

P 1 . 0P 1 . 1P 1 . 2P 1 . 3P 1 . 4P 1 . 5P 1 . 6P 1 . 7

P 3 . 0P 3 . 1P 3 . 2P 3 . 3P 3 . 4P 3 . 5P 3 . 6P 3 . 7

P 0 . 7

A L E / P R O G

P 0 . 6P 0 . 5

P0.

4P

0.3

V C C

G N D

D T M F IN P U T

1 0 0 M F D / 2 5 V

2 2 p f

V C C

K 1

R E L A Y S P D T

35

412

6 V o lt s

B A TTE R Y

12

2 2 p f

LEFTMOTOR

-

1 0 K

6VOLTDC

6VOLTDC

R 93 9 0 K

XL 11 2 M H Z

U 2

9 1 7 0

1

2

3

4

56

7

8

91 0

1 11 21 31 4

1 5

1 6

1 7

1 8I N +

I N -

G S

V re f

N CN C

O S C _ I N

O S C _ O P

G N DO E

Q 1Q 2Q 3Q 4

D V

E S t

S t / G T

V D D

BUZZER

U 1 3

L M 7 8 0 5 C /T O

1 3

2

I N O U T

GN

D

C 50 M 1 / 1 0 0 V

PICK-COIL

1 0 0 M F D / 2 5 V

6 Vo lts

B ATTE R Y

12

X23 . 5 9 M H Z

R 71 0 0 K

9 Vo ltB a tte ry

U 3

L 2 9 3 D

271 01 5

19

36

1 11 4

168

451312

1 A2 A3 A4 A

1 , 2 E N3 , 4 E N

1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y

VC

C1

VC

C2

GN

DG

ND

GN

DG

ND

L E D 1

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

An IC9170 series DTMF decoder is used here.All types of IC9170 series use digital counting techniques to detect and decode all the 16 DTMF tone pairs into a 4-bit code output.When the input signals are given at Pins 1 & 2,the correct 4-bit decode signal of the DTMF tone is transferred to (Pin 11) through (Pin 14) outputs. The pin 11to pin 14 of DTMF decoder are connected to the pins of micro controller (P1.0 to P1.3).The AT89S52 is a 8-bit, 5 volt, low power, 64 kB flash micro controller with 1 kB RAM. It provides the following features: 64 kB of on chip flash program memory with ISP (In- System Programming) and IAP (In- Application Programming), four 8 bits I/O ports with three high current port 1 pins (16 mA each) , three 16 bits timers/counters.

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION Outputs from port pins of microcontroller are fed through to the input of motor driver L293D IC respectively to drive two DC motors. The micro controller output is not self sufficient to drive the DC motors, so current drivers are required for motor rotation. L293D is a quad, high-current, driver designed to provide bi-directional drive currents of up to 600 mA at voltages from 4.5V to 36V.It makes it easier to drive the DC motors. The L293D consists of four drivers. Drivers 1 & 2 and drivers 3 & 4 are enabled by enable pin 1 EN1 and pin 9 EN2 respectively. When enable input EN1 (pin 1) is high, drivers 1 and 2 are enabled and the outputs corresponding to their inputs are active. Similarly, enable input EN2 (pin 9) enables drivers 3 and 4.The motors are rotated according to the status of IN1 to IN4 pins of L293D which in turn are depending on output pins of micro controller, viz., P0.0-P0.3.

WORKING OF PROJECT

In making a mobile operated land rover , the main technology used is “DTMF technology”. Furthermore, in this robot, two motors are used for vehicle movement and 1 motor is used in electromagnetic arm. The remote control is a Cell phone or Handset that acts as the transmitter. For performing all these function the microcontroller is programmed suitably for Mobile Operated Land Rover with electromagnetic arm. All these different programs are merged together. Moreover, it includes several cases for which it work in different conditions to perform required function. The working can be further explained by considering the main units of the land rover separately one by one.

DTMF TECHNOLOGY

Dual-tone multi-frequency signalling is used for tele-communication over analog telephone lines in the voice frequency band between telephone handsets and the switching centre. The version of DTMF used for telephone tone dialling is standardised.The contemporary is laid out in a 3x4 grid, although the original DTMF keypad had an additional column for four now defunct menu selector keys.

Key pressed Function

5 stop

TELEPHONE KEY-TONE When used to dial a telephone number, pressing a single key will produce a pitch consisting of two simultaneous pure tone sinusoidal frequencies. The row in which the key appears determines the low frequency, and the column determines the high frequency. For example, pressing the ‘1’ key will result in a sound composed of both 697 and 1209Hz tone. The system is called multi-frequency system as multi-tones are generated. These tones are then decoded by the switching centre to determine which key was pressed.

1209

Hz

1336 Hz 1477

Hz

1633

Hz

697 Hz 1 2 3 A

770 Hz 4 5 6 B

852 Hz 7 8 9 C

941 Hz * 0 # D

H-BRIDGE PRINCIPLE There are four switching elements within the bridge. These four elements are often called, high side left, high side right, low side right, and low side left The switches are turned on in pairs, either high left and lower right, or lower left and high right, but never both switches on the same "side" of the bridge. If both switches on one side of a bridge are turned ON it creates a short circuit between the battery plus and battery minus terminals

High Side

Left

High Side

Right

Lower

Left

Lower

Right

Quadrant

Descriptio

n

On Off Off OnMotor goes

Clockwise

Off On On Off

Motor goes

Counter-

clockwise

On On Off Off

Motor

"brakes"

and

decelerates

Off Off On On

Motor

"brakes"

and

decelerates

APPLICATIONSScientific:Remote control vehicles have various scientific uses including hazardous environments, working in the deep ocean and space exploration.

Military and Law Enforcement:It is used in bomb squad and bomb diffusion

Recreation and Hobby: Small scale remote control vehicles have been popular among hobbyists. These remote controlled vehicles span a wide range in terms of price and sophistication. There are many types of radio controlled vehicles. These include on-road cars, off-road trucks, boats, airplanes, and even helicopters. The “robots” now popular in television shows such as Robot Wars, are a recent extension of this hobby.

FUTURE SCOPE OF IMPROVEMENT

IR SENSORS:IR sensors can be used to automatically detect and avoid obstacle if the robot goes beyond the line of sight. This avoids damages to the vehicle if we are manoeuvring from a distant place.

PASSWORD PROTECTION:Project can be modify in order to password protect the robot so that it can be operated if the right password is entered. Either the cell phone should be password protected or necessary modification should be done in the coding. This allows conditioned access and increase security to a great extent.

ADDING A CAMERAIf the current project is interfaced with a camera e.g. a web camera robot can be driven beyond line of sight and range become practically unlimited as GSM network have a very large range.

REFERENCES

 1) www.atmel.com/dyn/resources/prod-documents/doc0265.pdf2) www.nxp.com3) www.wikipedia.com/wiki/switch4) www.wikipedia.com/light-emitting-diode5) www.technologystudent.com6) www.atmel.com/atmel/acrobat/doc0368.pdf7) www.wikipedia.org/wiki/infrared8) www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/resistance /capacitance 

THANK YOU!