MOBILE MALARIA TRAINING FOR HEALTHCARE WORKERS IN AFRICA

Presenters: Katrina Allangba and Judith Stevenson

Agenda

mLearning Team Project History Audience Analysis Sample Prototype Future Recommendations

M-LEARNING TEAM

Katrina Allangba Jeff Seeley Judith StevensonShannon Strassner Edith Kuklish Jesse Highsmith

mLearning Team

Team comprised of graduate students enrolled in the part-time Instructional Design and Development Masters program at GMU

All team members also pursuing eLearning graduate certificates

mLearning Team cont.

Professional experience includes: Instructional design, computer information management

and interoperability, audio production and editing, e-learning development, teaching in public and adult education environments

PROJECT HISTORY

Project History: Analysis

Our Client Research Associate for the Institute of Simulation and

Training (IST) of the University of Central Florida Contact: David Rogers Website: http://www.ist.ucf.edu/

Requirements and Assessed Problem Mobile application for the Android operating system Audience: rural healthcare workers The problem: rural non-physician clinicians (NPCs) need

updated training in various medical arenas

Project History: Clients Goals

Client’s Goals Use open courseware and other respected sources as

learning content Develop a method of content delivery that maximizes the

growing telecommunication sector in Africa Address healthcare concerns of greatest importance in

Sub-Saharan Africa Create learning content practical and readily usable by

NPCsGather assessment and usage data from groups of

learners using the smart phone mobile training system for use by regional managers

Project History: Instructional Objectives Upon completion of our mobile training, NPCs

working in rural healthcare clinics in sub-Saharan Africa will be able to use available resources to effectively prevent, diagnose, and treat malaria within the local communities they serve. Use smart phone as a learning device Prevent, identify and treat mild to severe forms of

malaria Educate patients about malaria prevention, treatment

and control Demonstrate mastery of course content, > 80%

AUDIENCE ANALYSIS: TARGET AUDIENCE

Target Audience

Few qualified health care providers in Sub-Saharan Africa

Health-care providers not trained as physicians Non-physician clinicians (NPCs)

Target Audience Circumstances

Shortage of health care workers/NPCs NPCs provide wide range of medical procedures NPCs burn out

Working Environment

Extremely challenging work

Medical clinics provided with inadequate supplies, equipment, and resources

NPCs serve rural populations in deserts, mountains, jungles, and islands

Job and Learning Environment

For NPCs, location means more opportunity for further education Greater opportunities in urban areas Fewer opportunities in rural areas

Financial and Other Motivators

NPCs paid a small amount and salaries in arrears

Must pay NPCs to attend training

NPCs’ intrinsic motivation

Content Knowledge and Training Gap

Must know malaria prevention, detection and treatment procedures

Must accurately diagnose malaria

Need to know about new drugs

AUDIENCE ANALYSIS: PERSONAS

Dacia Nkoana-Mashabane (meaning: purple flower)

Age: 56MidwifeMotivation for

using a high-tech product is to help those in her village

Chantal Mistique(meaning: singer and mystery)

Age: 32 Works as a nurse in a

clinic that serves over 12,000 people

Motivated to use any training tool she can get, if it will help her to treat her patients more effectively

Kamuzu Balogun (meaning: medicinal warrior)

Age: 25 Nurse Medical clinic has couple

of rooms in which they store everything and see patients

Motivation for using high-tech products financial as well as educational

Themba Laila (meaning: hope and reliability)

Age: 18 Nurse Assistant Austere medical clinic Eager to learn and

practice medicine Motivated to use smart-

phone as an up-to-date medical information resource and to further her medical education

Nathan Copeland

Age: 28 Volunteer Bill Selke Memorial Clinic

with three examination rooms, a nurses' station, a laboratory, a small pharmacy, a HIV/AIDS Education Office, a medical records office, an administrative office and a waiting room

Dependent upon having modern medicine and equipment at his disposal

AUDIENCE ANALYSIS: TECHNOLOGICALCHALLENGES

Findings, Drivers, and Barriers

NPCs need access to up-to-date medical information/education

Regional health departments need information Open source curricula gaining popularity Online courseware is US-centric Use of mobile phones in Africa Workshops for NPCs

Technology Skills and Gap Assessment

Limited experience with computers and Internet Reliance on cell phones for basic communication Recommend smart phone training for

Android OS and features

The Problem: Technological

Limited infrastructure in remote parts of Africa

Need to preload smart phones with courseware Limited Internet access OS, Android apps and LMS updates?

DESIGN RATIONALE

Design Goals

Make the training interesting and interactive

Find middle ground between objectivist and constructivist approach

Convey essential medical knowledge

Engaging and User-Centered

Use of multiple options for viewing Audio, video and textual presentation Colorful styling Job-aid and readily-available search function

Content

Detailed instruction for Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) procedure

More hands-on and practical approach Expressed in simpler language

Present ideas in visual, non-verbal ways

Solid Instructional Design

Supports many different learning styles

Gives the user more control over learning

Increases learner’s sense of participation

Mobile Interface

Best practice for small screen

Uncluttered Short label for every

graphic Provides options and

presentation styles

1. IntroductionObjectives:

You will develop the skills to safely and effectively perform an RDT in your clinic.

WatchVideo

Read Steps

Graphics

Authentic Generic Icons Avoid using graphics

from advanced medical setting

PROTOTYPE: SAMPLE

RDT Training

33 44

Introduction

Perform RDT

Read Results

Prepare for RDT

Record Results

Collect Blood

Home Favourites Resources Search

Final AssessmentFinal Assessment

6655

11 22

3. Collect Blood

1) Clean patient’s finger with alcohol.

2) Allow finger to air dry.

3. Collect Blood

3) Prick the patient’s finger to get a drop of blood.

3. Collect Blood

4) Collect blood from patient’s finger.

3. Collect Blood

It is not necessary to collect a large amount of blood.

3. Collect Blood

Let’s Review!

3. Collect Blood

1) Touch the part of the patient’s body from which you take a blood sample.

3. Collect Blood

Take a sample of blood from the patient’s finger.

Answer

3. Collect Blood

2) What is the first step for collecting a blood sample from a patient’s finger?

Prick the patient’s finger.

Clean the syringe.

Clean the finger with alcohol.

Collect cotton balls.

3. Collect Blood

The first step for collecting a blood sample from a patient’s finger is to clean the finger with alcohol.

Answer

3. Collect Blood

3) Select the tube that contains the correct amount of blood to collect from a patient’s finger.

3. Collect Blood

It is not necessary to collect a large amount of blood. One drop is sufficient.

3. Collect Blood

End of Section 3 Review

You have completed the Review for Section 3: Collect Blood. You may return to the Home Menu or continue to the next section, Section 4: Perform RDT.

Congratulations!

Home Favourites Resources Search

PROTOTYPE: USER RESEARCH

Research Goals

Assess Usability Ease of Use,

effectiveness Organization/layout

of content User experience,

improvement suggestions

Assess Content: Simplicity, clearness,

and appropriateness Logicality and

practicality Level of detail Alignment of content

with assessments Suggestions for

additional content

Round 1 Round 2

Participants

7of 8 participants (87.5%)

Medical experience in similar environment

Intrinsic motivation; no incentives

4 of 5 participants (80%)

3 repeat participants 1 new contact

Intrinsic motivation; no incentives

Round 1 Round 2

Research Method

Full RDT Prototype Online Survey –

Zoomerang 17 questions (closed &

open-ended and Likert) Demographics Navigation, interface,

usability experience

Section 5: Read Results and the Final Assessment

Online Survey -SurveyGizmo

13 questions (closed & open-ended and Likert) Demographics Experience performing

malaria testing in a rural health care clinic

Evaluation of prototype content

Round 1 Round 2

Research Findings – Round 1 (Usability)

Navigation Graphics Overall Layout Icons Usability for Limited

Technical Knowledge Users

BEFORE AFTER

5. Read Results

Prototype Changes – Round 1

5. Read Results

DO NOT read results before 15 minutes!

1) Read results EXACTLY 15 minutes after adding buffer.

DO NOT read results before 15 minutes!

1) Read results EXACTLY 15 minutes after adding buffer.

Prototype Changes – Round 1 (cont.)

Removed Form 038 (WHO –N/A for field use)

Clarified Reading RDT Results

6. Record Results1) Enter results into master record sheet (Form 038) OR enter electronically.

2) Mail results to WHO every 3 months using the provided format.

5. Read Results

2) How to read:

POSITIVE : faint test line

POSITIVE : two lines

NEGATIVE : one control line

1) Enter test results onto patient’s record OR enter electronically.

2) Mail results to WHO every 3 months using the provided format.

Research Findings – Round 2 (Content)

Simplicity Appropriateness Clarity Logic Detail Assessments Missing Information

FUTURE RECOMMENDATIONS

Future Recommendations

Changes to content Date format changes requested Include information on symptomatic diagnosis of

malaria Add question found in final assessment to section

assessment

Future Recommendations

Changes to the interface Add how to use the mobile device section Image colors to reflect local culture Incorporate French and other African languages Native African voice for narration Break up monotony once familiar with the application Incorporate game to increase interactivity May cause confusion Recommend careful usability testing

QUESTIONS?

Presenter Contact Information:

Katrina AllangbaNEW Customer Service Companies, Inc.katrina.allangba@newcorp.com

Judith StevensonWestwood Collegejstevenson@westwood.edu

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