Mobile Computing and Commerce, and Pervasive Computing.

Mobile Computing and Commerce, and Pervasive Computing

Learning Objectives

1. Discuss the value-added attributes, benefits, and fundamental drivers of m-commerce.

2. Describe the mobile computing environment that supports m-commerce (devices, software, services).

3. Describe the four major types of wireless telecommunications networks.

4. Discuss m-commerce applications in finance.5. Describe m-commerce applications in shopping,

advertising, and provision of content.

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Learning Objectives

6. Discuss the application of m-commerce within organizations and across the supply chain.

7. Describe consumer and personal applications of m-commerce.

8. Understand the technologies and potential application of location-based m-commerce.

9. Describe the major inhibitors and barriers of m-commerce.

10.Discuss the key characteristics, critical technologies, and major applications of pervasive computing.

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Mobile Commerce: Attributes, Benefits, and Drivers

• mobile commerce (m-commerce, m-business)Any business activity conducted over a wireless telecommunications network or from mobile devices

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• ATTRIBUTES OF M-COMMERCE– Ubiquity– Convenience– Interactivity– Personalization– Localization

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• DRIVERS OF M-COMMERCE– Widespread availability of more powerful mobile

devices– The handset culture– The service economy– Vendor’s push– The mobile workforce– Increased mobility– Improved price/performance– Improving bandwidth

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Components, Technical Infrastructure,and Services of Mobile Computing

• wireless mobile computing (mobile computing)Computing that connects a mobile device to a network or another computing device, anytime, anywhere

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• MOBILE DEVICES– Mobile computers– personal digital assistant (PDA)

A stand-alone handheld computer principally used for personal information management

– smartphoneA mobile phone with PC-like capabilities e.g Blackberry, iphone, Androids, etc

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• MOBILE COMPUTING SOFTWARE AND SERVICES– Messaging Services• short message service (SMS)

A service that supports the sending and receiving of short text messages on mobile phones• multimedia messaging service (MMS)

The emerging generation of wireless messaging; MMS is able to deliver rich media

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Components, Technical Infrastructure,and Services of Mobile Computing– Location-Based Services– Voice-Support Services• interactive voice response (IVR)

A voice system that enables users to request and receive information and to enter and change data through a telephone to a computerized system• voice portal

A Web site with an audio interface that can be accessed through a telephone call e.g Bing Voice Search for mobile phones (tellme.com)

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• WIRELESS TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS– personal area network (PAN)

A wireless telecommunications network for device-to-device connections within a very short range

– BluetoothA set of telecommunications standards that enables wireless devices to communicate with each other over short distances

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Components, Technical Infrastructure,and Services of Mobile Computing– wireless local area network (WLAN)

A telecommunications network that enables users to make short-range wireless connections to the Internet or another network

– Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity)The common name used to describe the IEEE 802.11 standard used on most WLANs

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Components, Technical Infrastructure,and Services of Mobile Computing– WiMax

A wireless standard (IEEE 802.16) for making broadband network connections over a medium-size area such as a city

– wireless wide area network (WWAN)A telecommunications network that offers wireless coverage over a large geographical area, typically over a cellular phone network

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Mobile Financial Applications

• MOBILE BANKING• MOBILE PAYMENTS– Mobile Proximity Payments– Mobile Remote Payments

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Mobile Financial Applications

– digital divideRefers to the gap between people with effective access to digital and information technology and those without

– microfinanceRefers to the provision of financial services to poor or low-income clients, including consumers and the self-employed

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Mobile Marketing and Advertising

• MOBILE MARKETING CAMPAIGNS– Four classes of mobile marketing campaigns:

1. Information2. Entertainment3. Raffles4. Coupons

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– The major objectives of these classes fell into one of six categories:

1. Building brand awareness2. Changing brand image3. Promoting sales4. Enhancing brand loyalty5. Building customer databases6. Stimulating mobile word of mouth

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• MOBILE MARKETING GUIDELINES– The basic principles of the Global Code of Conduct

for Internet marketing:• Notice• Choice and consent• Customization and constraint• Security• Enforcement and accountability

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Mobile Workforce Solutions

• NEEDS OF THE MOBILE WORKFORCE– mobile worker

Any employee who is away from their primary work space at least 10 hours a week or 25 percent of the time

– Benefits of Mobile Workforce Support• Mobile workers can be divided into three segments:

– Mobile professionals (senior executives and consultants)– Mobile field force (field sales and service technicians)– Mobile specialty workers (delivery personnel and construction

workers)

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– Some solutions widely used by the three segments include:• Mobile office applications• Sales force automation (SFA)• Field force automation (FFA)• Mobile CRM (e-CRM)

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– Challenges of Mobile Workforce Support• Network coverage gaps and interruptions• Internetwork roaming• Mobile network and application performance• Device and network management• Bandwidth management

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Mobile Entertainment

• mobile entertainmentAny type of leisure activity that utilizes wireless telecommunication networks, interacts with service providers, and incurs a cost upon usage

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Mobile Entertainment

• MOBILE MUSIC AND VIDEO• MOBILE GAMES– Technology– Number of players– Genre

• MOBILE GAMBLING

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Location-Based Mobile Commerce

• location-based m-commerce (l-commerce)Delivery of m-commerce transactions to individuals in a specific location, at a specific time– The services provided through location-based m-

commerce focus on five key factors:1. Location2. Navigation3. Tracking4. Mapping5. Timing

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• L-COMMERCE INFRASTRUCTURE– Mobile devices– Communication network– Positioning component– Service or application provider– Data or content provider

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– Positioning Components• network-based positioning

Relies on base stations to find the location of a mobile device sending a signal or sensed by the network• terminal-based positioning

Calculating the location of a mobile device from signals sent by the device to base stations• global positioning system (GPS)

A worldwide satellite-based tracking system that enables users to determine their position anywhere on the earth

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– Location-Based Data• Locating• Navigating• Searching• Identifying• Event checking

– geographical information system (GIS)A computer system capable of integrating, storing, editing, analyzing, sharing, and displaying geographically-referenced (spatial) information

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• BARRIERS TO LOCATION-BASED M-COMMERCE– Lack of GPS in mobile phones– Accuracy of devices– The cost–benefit justification– Limited network bandwidth– Invasion of privacy

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Security and Other Implementation Issues in Mobile Commerce

• M-COMMERCE SECURITY ISSUES– Worms capable of spreading through mobile

phones– Open-air transmission of signals across multiple

networks opens up new opportunities for compromising security

– Mobile devices are easily lost or stolen

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Security and Other Implementation Issues in Mobile Commerce

• ETHICAL, LEGAL, AND HEALTH ISSUES IN M-COMMERCE– The isolation that mobile devices can impose on a workforce– Field service employees dispatched remotely visit “the

office” only briefly at the start and end of each day, if at all– Not easy to separate work and personal life on a cell phone,

unless one is willing to carry two phones or two PDAs– Health damage from cellular radio frequency emissions– Monitoring staff movements based on GPS-enabled devices

or vehicles

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Pervasive Computing

• pervasive computingInvisible, everywhere computing; computing capabilities embedded into the objects around us– Invisible Computing

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Pervasive Computing

– Principles of Pervasive Computing• Decentralization• Diversification• Connectivity.• Simplicity

– Internet of Things

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Pervasive Computing

• radio frequency identification (RFID)A short-range radio frequency communication technology for remotely storing and retrieving data using devices called RFID tags and RFID readers

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Pervasive Computing

– RFID Basics– RFID Applications• Tracking and identifying people• Tracking vehicles and commuters• Tracking animals• Tracking assets• Tracking product inventory

– electronic product code (EPC)A product identification standard that specifies the manufacturer, producer, version, and serial number of each (product) item

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Pervasive Computing

• SENSOR NETWORKS AND SMART ITEMS– sensor network

A collection of nodes, sometimes as small as millimeters in length or diameter, capable of environmental sensing, local computation, and communication with its peers or with other higher performance nodes

– Sensor Networking Standards– Smart Applications

• PRIVACY AND PERVASIVE COMPUTING40

Managerial Issues

1. What is your m-commerce strategy?2. What is your timetable?3. Are there clear technical winners?4. Which applications should be implemented

first?5. Is pervasive computing real?

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Mobile Computing and Commerce, and Pervasive Computing.

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