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Development of Biogas and Biofuels in India

WORKSHOP ON INDO-ASEAN COOPERATIONIN RENEWABLE ENERGY

5th November, 2012

Anil Dhussa, DirectorMinistry of New & Renewable Energy

New Delhi

MNREBioenergy Options

o Biomass Combustion / Co-generationo Improved solid fuels (Pellet, Briquettes, Char) o Gaseous Fuels

- Bio-chemical / Bio-methanation (Biogas)

- Thermo-chemical (Producer Gas)o Liquid Fuels

- Extraction (Trans esterification / biodiesel)

- Thermo-Chemical (Pyrolysis Oil)

- Bio-chemical (Ethanol, Butanol)

MNREBiomethanation

o Biomethanation / Anaerobic Digestion (AD) has emerged as a mature technology for energy from animal and agro-industrial wastes / residues, biomass and energy crops

o Large Potential of energy recovery from above substrates and treatment & disposal of wastes

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Bio-energy Resources in IndiaAgricultural residues / energy cropsoOver 140 M ha arable land is estimated to produce over 700 MTA biomasso50 M ha arable land is under mono cropping - potential for short cycle cellulosic biomass.

Cattle dung and Poultry droppingso1000 MTA from 300 million cows & buffaloes.o 8 MTA from 500 million poultry birds.

MSWoBy 2021 urban population likely to be 550 mil - would generate > 150 MTA of MSW

Potential in India

o Surplus biomass : 17000 MWo Cows manure : 1500 MW and poultry droppings

o Urban Wastes : 2600 MW

o Industrial Wastes : 1300 MW

MNREBenefits of Biogas Technology

o Biomethanation (AD) produces energy and treats waste

o Contributes to energy security through use of local resources

o Produces superior organic manure - Industrial AD Plants can produce assured quality organic fertilizer for improving profitability

o De-centralised application for segregated organic wastes help to reduce landfills

Biogas from Industrial wastes

Likely Capacities

oDistilleries effluent : 1 MW / 30 kL oDairies (milk processing) : 100 kW / 3 lakh litresoPaper Mills (Black Liq. +) : 1 MW / 60 TPD paper oSlaughterhouse waste : 100 kW / 10-12 TPDoPoultry droppings : 1 MW / 1 Million birds oCattle dung : 100 kW / 25 TPD

MNREBiogas in India

o 4.5 M Household biogas plants based on cattle manure mainly for producing cooking fuel

o Mid sized biogas plants based on cattle manure and other similar wastes for heat, electricity or motive power

o Biogas from urban and industrial wastes and effluents

o Co-digestion of farm / agricultural residues with urban and industrial wastes

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Biogas from Animal Manure and Agro-residues

o 1 MW and 1.2 MW Cattle manure based biogas projects at Ludhiana, Punjab and Jabalpur, MP

o About 2000 small and medium size biogas plants based on cattle manure for heat, electricity or motive power (5-25 kW)

o 1.5 and 2.5 MW biogas projects based on poultry droppings in Tamil Nadu

o Two projects of 4 MW each for agricultural wastes / residues in Punjab under installation

o

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Biogas fromIndustrial Wastes

o 1.5 MW power from food processing and sugar industry solid waste

o Four biogas projects for bagasse / straw wash-water in paper mills

o About 20 projects for heat and/or power from starch industry effluents

o Over 250 distilleries generating biogas for heat and/or power from their spent wash/effluent

o Demonstration projects for converting biogas into bio-CNG

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Biogas Plant DesignsTop: Floating drum Bottom:Fixed dome

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Global Methane Initiative – Meeting of Agr. Sub-Committee November 12, 2010

1.0 MW power project based on cattle dung at a Dairy Complex Ludhiana, Punjab

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1.2 MW power project based on cattle manure at Dairy Colony in Jabalpur

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Global Methane Initiative – Meeting of Agr. Sub-Committee November 12, 2010

Biomethanation of bagasse wash-water at Tamil Nadu Newsprint and Papers Company

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Global Methane Initiative – Meeting of Agr. Sub-Committee November 12, 2010

3000 cum biomethanation project for solid waste 3000 cum biomethanation project for solid waste at Slaughterhouse in Andhra Pradeshat Slaughterhouse in Andhra Pradesh

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Global Methane Initiative – Meeting of Agr. Sub-Committee November 12, 2010

2 MW biogas power at a distillery

MNREKitchen waste biogas plant

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Government Support for Biogas Programme

o Financial and fiscal supporto Provisions in the Electricity Act 2003

- Open access to grid for RE power- Preferential tariffs by State regulators- RE Power Obligations for Transcos

o Capacity building measureso Support for Research and Development

MNREBiofuels in India

o 1st generation Biofuels - From molasses – bio-ethanol - From oil bearing seeds (SVO and biodiesel)o 2nd generation Biofuels: ligno-cellulosic substrates - Ethanol through enzymatic fermentation - bio-crude, bio-oil (Thermo-chemical route)o 3rd generation Biofuels - Algae, green dieselo 4th generation Biofuels: CO2 sequestration …….

MNRENational Biofuel Policy

o Announced in December, 2009

o Development and utilization of indigenous non-food feedstocks raised on degraded or waste lands

o Thrust on research and development on cultivation, processing and production of biofuels

o 20% Ethanol and Bio-diesel blending by 2017 – current target is 5% blending – achieving ~ 2%

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Some Recent Initiatives

o Identified quality germ-plasms of Jatropha and assessed their availability for multiplication

o Facility for large scale micro-propagation of elite Jatropha genotypes under development

o Demonstration projects on promising genotypes taken up

o Major thrust on R & D on 2nd Generation Biofuels

o Pilot projects set up

MNREInitiatives taken by Industry

o Private and Public sector industry active in R&D, Plantation of oilseed bearing trees and production of bio-diesel and bio-ethanol

o 10 bio-diesel plants set up with capacities ranging from 30-1600 TPD and aggregating to 3080 TPD.

o This production capacity can replace over 2% of the current diesel demand.

o Slowdown as adequate feedstock not available

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THANK YOUakdhussa@nic.inwww.mnre.gov.in