Biochem

Functions of the different RNA polymerases I, II and III?

I,II,II = R.M.T (rRNA, mRNA, and tRNA)

Name the stop codons? UGA = U Go Away UAA = U Are Away

UAG = U Are Gone What are the functions of the Golgi apparatus?

Su.Pro.Dis.N.O.Man. ! Sulfation of sugars in proteoglycans and tyrosine

Proteoglycan assembly Distribution center of proteins and lipids

N-oligosacc. modification on Asn O-oligosacc. addition to serine and threonine Mannose-6-Phophate addition to lysosomal proteins

Collagen types? B.e C.ool R.ead B.ooks

Bone Cartilage Reticulin Basement membrane

Type X - epiphyseal plate What is S-adenosylmethionine?

SAM the methyl donor man (SAM regeneration is dependent on B12)

The TCA cycle intermediates, starting from Citrate....?

C.an I. K.eep S.elling S.ex F.or M.oney O.fficer?

Citrate Isocitrate (alpha)-Ketoglutarate

Succinyl CoA Succinate

Fumarate Malae Oxaloacetate

Name the enzymes responsible for gluconeogenesis? P.athway P.roduces F.resh G.lucose

Pyruvate carboxylase (mitochondria, the rest are cytosolic) PEP carboxykinase

Fructose-1,6 bisphosphatase Glucose-6-phosphatase

G6PD deficiency?

5H's - . HMP shunt enzyme deficiency

Hurts RBCs by exposing them to oxidation, which normally is prevented by NADPH Hemoglobin is altered, precipitates

Heinz bodies form Hemolytic anemia results

Name the essential amino acids?

P.v.t. T.I.M. H.A.L.L.

Phe Val Thr

Typ Ile

Met His Arg

Leu Lys

Name the components (intermediates and enzymes) of the urea cycle O.rdinarily, C.areless C.rappers A.re A.lso F.rivolous A.bout U.rination

Ornithine Carbamoyl phosphate

Citrulline Aspartate Argininosuccinate

Fumarate Arginine

Urination Cystinuria is caused by a defect of...?

Renal tubular amino acid transporter for C.O.L.A.

Cystine

Ornithine Lysine Arginine

Maple Syrup Urine disease? Blocked degradation of branched amino acids (Ile, Val, Leu)

I. L.ove V.ermont Maple Syrup Lesch-Nyhan syndrome?

L.N.S. = Lacks Nucleotide Salvage (purine)

What does the liver do generally during the fasting state? "In the Phasting state, Phosphorylate."

Which tissues don't need insulin for glucose uptake?

BRICK L:

Brain RBCs

Intestine Cornea Kidney

Liver What are the anabolic affects of insulin?

Gluck Sometimes Tries to Glide Professionally Increased:

Glucose transport Sodium retention by kidneys

Triglyceride snythesis and storage Glycogen synthesis and storage Protein synthesis by the muscles

Pompe's? "Pompe's trashes the Pump"

(heart, liver, and muscle) Glycogen storage disease

Name the glycogen storage diseases?

V.ery P.oor C.arbohydrate M.etabolism

Von Gierke's Pompe's Cori's

McArdle's Niemann-Pick?

"NO MAN PICKS his nose with his SHPINGER" (shpingomyelinase) Tay Sachs?

Tay SaX laX heXosaminidase

Hunter's? "HUNTERS aim for the X" (X recessive

What are the major apolipoproteins and what do they do? A-1 Activates LCAT B-100 Binds to LDL receptor

C-II Cofactor for lipoprotein lipase E - mEdiates Extra (remnant) uptake

Symptoms of porphyrias? 5P's - Painful abdomen

Pink urine Polyneuropathy

Psychological disturbances Precipitated by drugs

How to treat methemoglobinemia? "Treat toxic levels of METHemoglobin with METHylene blue"

Imprinting: Angelman's and Prader-Willi syndrome? AngelMAN's and P.rader-Willi (P.aternal)

Duchenne's - the molecular problem? Deleted dystrophin

Trinucleotide repeat expansion diseases?

"Try hunting for my fried eggs."

Try - trinucleotide Hunting.ton's disease My.otonic dystrophy

Fried.reich's ataxia Eggs (Fragile X syndrome)

Fragile X syndrome? Xtra-large testes, jaw, ears

Edward's syndrome: what causes it?

Election age = 18 T.risomy 18

Patau's syndrome: what causes it? Trisomy 13 P.uberty = 13

Cri-du-chat? CRI D.U. C.H.A.T

Dumb - mental retardation Underdeveloped brain - microcephaly

Cardiac abnormalities Hypertelorism

"Asian eyes" - epicanthal folds Terminal deletion - of 5p

22q11 syndromes

CATCH 22 Cleft palate

Abnormal facies Thymic aplasia --> T cell deficiency Cardiac defects

Hypocalcemia secondary to parathyroid aplasia Vitamin A is aka?

Retinol (think RetinA) Beriberi?

Ber1Ber1 - Vitamin B1 deficiency

Wernicke-Korsakoff? Were you drinking

Vitamin B2... aka? Deficiency causes?

I C.an S.ense C.razy F.lavor

FAD and FMN are derived from RiboFlavin

Cheilosis Stomatitis (angular) Corneal vascularization

Vitamin B3? "B.e Ni.ce, or you'll get Pellagra"

3D's - Diarrhea

Dermatitis Dementia

Dreadful tongue (beefy glossitis) Biotin?

AVIDIN in egg whites

AVIDly binds biotin Vitamin E

"E is for Erythrocytes" Vitamin K

"K for Koagulation"

Kwashiorkor? Protein-deficient MEAL:

Malabsorption Edema

Anemia Liver (fatty)

G protein linked 2nd messengers via phospholipase C? H.A.V. 1 M & M H1 a1 V1 M1 M3

G protein linked 2nd messengers via Adenylyl cyclase? MAD 2s

M2 a2 D2 (via Gi) [the others in this group operate via Gs]