Miscellaneous

G protein type for respective receptors

“KISS and KICK till you’re SICK of SEX” (QISS and QIQ till you’re SIQ of SQS):

This gives the G-protein type (Gq, Gi, or Gs) for all the receptors. Receptors are in alphabetical order:

alpha1=Q alpha2=I

beta1=S beta3=S

M1=Q M2=I M3=Q

D1=S D2=I

H1=Q H2=S V1=Q

V2=S

Golgi complex: functions

“Golgi Distributes A SPAM“:

Distributes proteins and lipids from ER Add mannose onto specific lysosome proteins

Sulfation of sugars and slected tyrosine Proteoglycan assembly

Add O-oligosugars to serine and threnonine Modify N-ologosugars on asparagine

Metabolic acidosis (normal anion-gap): causes

With hyperkalemia: RAISE K+:

RTA type 4

Aldosterone or mineralocorticord deficiency Iatrogenic: NH4Cl, HCl

“Stenosis”: obstructive uropathy Early uremia

With hypokalemia: ReDUCE K+:

Renal TA type 1 and 2 Diarrhoea Urine diversion into gut

Carbonate anhydrase inhibitor Ex-hyperventilation

Metabolism sites

“Use both arms to HUG“:

Heme synthesis

Urea cycle Gluconeogenesis

These reactions occur in both cytoplasm and mitochondria.

Na/K pump action

(Sing loudly to the chorus of “Kiss Him Goodbye”): “Na, Na, Na — out! Na, Na, Na — out! K, Kgoes…inside!”

Action of pump is 3 Na out and 2 K in

Na/K pump: concentrations of Na vs. K on inside/outside of cell, pump action, number of

molecules moved

HIKIN‘:

There is a HIgh K concentration INside the cell.

From this can deduce that the Na/K pump pumps K into cell and Na out of cell.

Alternatively: When I was learning this pump (circa 1992), a band that was “in” was Kris Kross, and a band that was “out” was “Sha Na Na Na“:

So pump moves K K (2 K) in and Na Na Na (3 Na) out.

Sadly, as infectious as their debut album was, Kris Kross can really no longer be classed as “in”.

Na+/K+ pump: movement of ions and quantity

K+ and in each consist of 2 characters, so so 2 K+ are pumped in.

Na+ and out each consist of 3 characters, so 3 Na+ are pumped out.

Tangier’s disease: hallmark

“Tangierene tonsils”:

Hallmark is large orange tonsils.

Important clinical note: there is no increased risk of atherosclerosis, just like eating tangerenes.

Cell division

“People Meet And Talk.”

Prophase

Metaphase Anaphase

Telophase