Glucogenic amino acids

"HAVe Money" His

Arg Val Met

Glucogenic/ketogenic amino acids "TTIP"

Thr Trp

Phe Ile

Ketogenic amino acids

"LL" Lys

Leu

Amino acids w/ 3 titratable protons

"Acidic, Basic, Cys, Tyr" Acidic = Asp, Glu

Basic = Arg, Lys, His

Dibasic amino acids

"COAL" Cys Orn

Arg Lys

Urea cycle "Ordinarily, Careless Crappers Are Also Frivolous About Urination"

Ornithine + Carbamoyl Phosphate → Citrulline...+Aspartate → Arginosuccinate → Fumarate + Arginine → Urea

NADH production in TCA

"KIM likes goNADs" After...

α-ketoglutarate Isocitrate

Malate

TCA cycles

"Can I Keep Selling Sex For Money, Officer?" Citrate Isocitrate

α-KG Succinate

Succinyl-CoA Fumarate

Malate Oxaloacetate

Blotting procedures "SNoW DRoP"

Southern = DNA Northern = RNA

Western = Protein SouthWestern= DNA-binding Proteins

X-linked Recessive Disorders

"Be Wise, Fool's GOLD Heeds Silly Hope, Alport"

Bruton's agammaglobulinemia Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome

Fabry's Disease G6PD deficiency Ocular albinism/Ornithine transcaramylase deficiency

Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome Duchenne's and Becker's muscular dystrophy

Hunter's Syndrome Hemophilia A and B Alport syndrome

Trinucleotide repeat expansion diseases "X-Girlfirend's First Aid Helped Ace My Test"

Fragile X = CGG (chrX) Freidrich's ataxia = GAA (chr9)

Huntington's = CAG (chr4) Myotonic dystrophy = CTG (chr 19)

22q11 deletion syndromes

"CATCH 22" Cleft palate

Abnormal facies Thymic aplasia

Cardiac defects Hypocalemia (2° to PTH aplasia) 22q11

*CAC = velocardialfacial syndrome

*TCH = DiGeorge syndrome

Reactions requiring VitB1

"Vitamin B1 helps make ATP" Branched-chain AA dehydrogenase α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (TCA)

Transketolase (HMP shunt) Pyruvate dehydrogenase (glycolysis)

Reactions requiring biotin

"PAP carboxylation" Pyruvate carboxylase (gluconeogenesis via oxaloacetate)

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (FA synthesis via malonyl-CoA) Propionyl-CoA carboxylase (odd-chain FA & branched AA to TCA via methylmalonyl-CoA)

Metabolic processes occurring in both cytosol & mitochondria "HUGs take 2"

Heme synthesis Urea cycle Gluconeogenesis

Infant deprivation effects 4 W's: "Weak, Wordless, Wanting, Wary"

Weak: weight loss, ↓muscle tone, physical illness Wordless: poor language skills

Wanting: anaclitic depression, poor socialization Wary: no basic trust

Manic episode "DIGFAST" (≥3)

Distractibility Irresponsible behavior

Grandiosity Flight of ideas Agitation/↑Activity

↓Sleep Talkativeness/pressured speech

Major depressive disorder "DSIGECAPS" (≥5, one of which must be anhedonia or depressed mood)

Depressed mood Sleep disturbances ↓Interest (anhedonia)

Guilt/feelings or worthlessness ↓Energy

↓Concentration ↓Appetite/weight changes Psychomotor retardation or agitation

Suicidal ideations

Risk factors for suicide completion

"SAD PERSONS" Sex (male)

Age (teenager, elderly) Depression Previous attempts

EtOH iRRational thinking

Sickness

Organized plan No spouse

(lack of) Social support

Panic disorder

"PPANIICS" Palpitations, Paresthesias

Abdominal distress Nausea Intense fear of dying/losing control, lIight headeedness

Chills, choking, disConnectedness Sweating, Shaking, SOB

Personality disorders "Weird, Wild, Worried"

Cluster A = paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal Cluster B = antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissitic Cluster C = avoidant, obsessive-compulsive, dependent

Cluster A personality disorders "Weird: Accusatory, Aloof, Awkward"

Paranoid = accusatory Schizoid = alood

Schizotypal = awkward

Cluster C personality disorders

"Worried: Cowardly, Compulsive, Clingy" Avoidant = cowardly Compulsive = obsessive-compulsive

Dependent = clingy

X-linked recessive disorders

"Be Wise, Fool's GOLD Heeds Silly Hope" Bruton's agammaglobulinemia

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome Fabry's disase G6PD deficiency

OTC deficiency/Ocular albinism Lesch-Nyhan syndrome

Duchenne's & Becker's muscular dystrophy Hunter's Syndrome Hemophilia A & B

WBC prevalence "Neutrophils like making everything better"

Neutrophils = 40-60% Lymphocytes = 20-40%

Monocytes = 2-8% Eosinophils = 1-4% Basophils 0.5-1%