MNA Mobile Radio Networks - Roberto Verdone

Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org

Mobile Radio Networks Mobile Network Architectures

Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org

[email protected]

+39 051 20 93817

Office Hours: Monday 4 – 6 pm

(upon prior agreement via email)

A.Y. 2019-20 Credits: 6

MNA

Slides are provided as supporting tool, they are not a textbook!


Outline

1. Steps From GSM to 4G 2. Cellular Networks 3. Network Architectures: Evolution From GSM to 4G 4. Mobility Management 5. Network Architectures: Evolution Towards 5G

This lecture block will provide the basic concepts related to mobile radio network architectures and the way they manage mobility of users.


1. Steps From GSM to 4G


years 2G 3G 4G 5G

‘90 ‘00 ‘10 ‘20

today Steps From GSM to 4G


years 2G 3G 4G 5G

‘90 ‘00 ‘10 ‘20

GSM

GPRS

EDGE

UMTS

HSPA

HSPA+

LTE

LTE-Adv

LTE-Pro

today

... 5G+

Steps From GSM to 4G

5G


years 2G 3G 4G 5G

‘90 ‘00 ‘10 ‘20

GSM

GPRS

EDGE

UMTS

HSPA

HSPA+

LTE

LTE-Adv

LTE-Pro

5G

... 5G+


Dawn of Digital Era of Mobile Communications

Advent of Radio Packet Switched Networks

Things

Evolved Packet Core

today


years 2G 3G 4G 5G

‘90 ‘00 ‘10 ‘20

GSM UMTS

HSPA

HSPA+

LTE

LTE-Adv

LTE-Pro

5G

... 5G+


U (theoretical) 500 Kbit/s 50 Mbit/s 4 Gbit/s > 100 Gbit/s

x 100 x 100 x 100 Latency 300 ms 100 ms 10 ms 1 ms

GPRS

EDGE

today



ETSI Release GSM 96 97 98 Release

year 1990 1995 1997 1997 1998

2G

GSM Ph2+ GPRS EDGE Ph2



3GPP Release 99 … 5 6 7 Release

year 1999 2002 2004 2006

3G

UMTS HSDPA HSUPA HSPA+



4G3G

3GPP Release 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Launchable LTE

Bucket List Items

Improvement (Regulatory,

etc.)

Carrier Aggregation, CoMP, LIPA, M2M, etc…

Improved

Performance

Carrier Aggr. Improvement

IMS,

roaming, P2P, etc.

WiFi, Small Cell Impr.

Signaling opt. SON, MDT,

adv. Receiver MIMO Improv.

D2D, ProSe 3D/FD-MIMO Indoor Pos.

Latency Reduction

NB-IoT

Mission Critical

Enhancem.

CV2X

Inter-band CA

Release year 2008 2009 2012 2013 2015 2016 2017

Today


Steps From GSM to 4G: GSM

Modulation

GMSK

Access

FDD F-TDMA: 8 slots/frame; 4.6 ms frame duration

Numerology

Frequency bands 900 MHz, 1800 MHz Ch. Bandwidth 200 KHz

Bit Rate 271 Kbit/s


Steps From GSM to 4G: 2.5G (Rel. 98)

Modulation

GMSK (GSM) 8-PSK (EDGE) 32-QAM (Evolved EDGE)

Access

FDD F-TDMA: 8 slots/frame; 4.6 ms frame duration

Numerology

Frequency bands 900 MHz, 1800 MHz Ch. Bandwidth 200 KHz

Bit Rate 271 Kbit/s (GSM) 384 Kbit/s (Evolved EDGE)


Steps From GSM to 4G: UMTS (Rel. 99)

Modulation

DS-QPSK

Access

FDD F-CDMA: 10 slots/frame; 10 ms frame duration

Numerology

Frequency bands 2000 MHz Ch. Bandwidth 5 MHz

Bit Rate up to 2 Mbit/s


Steps From GSM to 4G: 3G (Rel. 7)

Modulation

DS-QPSK (UMTS) DS-64-QAM (HSPA+) DS-64-QAM (Advanced HSPA+)

Access

FDD F-CDMA: 10 slots/frame; 10 ms frame duration

Numerology

Frequency bands 2000 MHz Ch. Bandwidth 5 MHz

Bit Rate up to 2 Mbit/s (UMTS) 168 Mbit/s (Advanced HSPA+)


Steps From GSM to 4G: LTE (Rel. 8)

Modulation

OFDM with 16-QAM

Access

FDD OF-TDMA: 20 mini-slots/frame; 10 ms frame duration

Numerology

Frequency bands 800 MHz, 2.5 GHz Ch. Bandwidth 5xn MHz n = 1, ... , 4

Bit Rate 300 Mbit/s


Steps From GSM to 4G: 4G (Rel. 14)

Modulation

OFDM with 16-QAM (LTE) OFDM with 64-QAM (LTE-Advanced) OFDM with 256-QAM (LTE-Pro)

Access

FDD OF-TDMA: 20 mini-slots/frame; 10 ms frame duration

Numerology

Frequency bands 800 MHz, 2.5 GHz Ch. Bandwidth 5xn MHz n = 1, ... , 20

Bit Rate 300 Mbit/s (LTE) 3 Gbit/s (LTE-Pro)


2. Cellular Networks


Service Area

One base per cell

with omnidirect.

antenna system

Area Coverage Networks / Cellular Networks

Handover

Scheduling Power Control

R



DL UL

2G: FDD

orthogonal

3G: FDD

non-orth.

4G: FDD

orthogonal

5G FDD

orth./NOMA Downlink and Uplink



FDD

Intra-cell interference is absent if orthogonal RUs are used

Cell A reference

interferer

useful

interfering



FDD

UL/UL or DL/DL intra-cell interference with non-orthogonal RUs

Cell A

DL DL

reference

interferer

useful

interfering



FDD Cell A

UL

UL reference

interferer

useful

interfering

UL/UL or DL/DL intra-cell interference with non-orthogonal RUs



FDD

UL/UL and DL/DL inter-cell interference if reuse is implemented

Cell A

Cell B

DL

DL

reference

interferer

useful

interfering



FDD

UL/UL and DL/DL inter-cell interference if reuse is implemented

Cell A

Cell B

UL

UL

reference

interferer

useful

interfering



UL

DL

TDD

UL/DL inter-cell interference if transmissions are not synchronised

Cell A

Cell B

reference

interferer

useful

interfering



Small cells interference

FDD Cell A

Cell B

reference

interferer

useful

interfering



Device-to-Device (D2D)

Cell A

Cell B

reference

interferer

useful

interfering


One site (3 bases)

every 3 cells with

tri-sectorial antenna system

Service Area



•  Why tri-sectorial antenna systems are better?

•  What are the pros and cons of having smaller cells?

Inquiry Based Session


3. Network Architectures: Evolution From GSM to 4G


MS

MS

PSTN

Other MSCs

HLR, VLR, AuIC, OMC, SMSC …

Network Architecture: 2G (GSM)

BTS

BTS

BSC RAN

Radio Access Network

BSC

MSC Abis

A

Um

D

Core Network


MS

MS

PSTN

Other MSCs

Network Architecture: 2.5G (Rel. 97)

BTS

BTS

BSC

MSC

GERAN


IP

Core Network

Other GSNs

BSC

BSC

GSN

Gb

Abis

Um

A

Gs, Gr, …

D

Gi

HLR, VLR, AuIC, OMC, SMSC …


User / Control Plane (Rel. 97)

IP GGSN SGSN

GSN

User Plane

Control Plane

Um Abis Gb Gn Gi

MS BTS BSC

BSS


Protocol Architecture (Rel. 97)

IP GGSN SGSN

Gb Gn Gi

L1 L1

MAC

RLC

LLC

SNDCP

IP

TRAN.

APP

MAC

RLC

LLC

SNDCP

IP

TRAN.

User Plane

L2

Um Abis

MS BTS BSC

BSS


Protocol Architecture (Rel. 97)

IP GGSN SGSN

Gb Gn Gi

L1 L1

LAPDm

RRC

MM

CM

LAPDm

RRC

RRC

Control Plane

L2

MM L3

CM

Um Abis

MS BTS BSC

BSS


BSC

MS BTS

BTS MS

RNC UE NodeB

NodeB UE

Other RNCs

Network Architecture: UMTS (Rel. 99)

PSTN

UTRAN


IP

BSC

RNC Core

Network

Uu

Iub

Iur Iu


UE eNodeB

eNodeB UE

Network Architecture: LTE (Rel. 8)

PSTN

IP

eUTRAN Evolved

Core Network


X2 S1-U

S1-MME

SAE GW

MME


User / Control Plane (Rel. 8)

IP SAE GW

MME

User Plane

Control Plane

UE eNodeB


4. Mobility Management


MSC

GSN

PSTN

IP

Core Network

Mobility Management (Macro Level): HLR, VLR

HLR VLR

eNodeB

eNodeB

UE

UE eNodeB

eNodeB

MSC Area 1

MSC Area 2


Mobility Management (Micro Level): Location Areas

LA1

LA2 UE


5. Network Architectures: Evolution Towards 5G


Network Architecture: 5G

UE eNodeB

eNodeB UE

RRHs

BBU

PSTN

IP

Evolved Core

Network UE eNodeB

eNodeB UE

fronthaul

backhaul


Mobile Radio Networks Mobile Network Architectures

MNA

Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org

MNA Mobile Radio Networks - Roberto Verdone

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